Umlando "Mikhail Somov 'isitsha

Umlando abakwazi ukudumisa izisebenzi kuphela, kodwa futhi yini engathathwa ngokuthi. Endabeni kolwandle kukhona lenqwaba imikhumbi oluvelele, esimagama aso eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, umkhumbi kwaduma ngenxa yezimpi wezempi. Kunalabo abathola notoriety nangenxa yezinye izizathu. Kumayelana isitsha "Mikhail Somov".

Ucwaningo Usosayensi

Qala indaba le ophihliza iqhwa kuwufanele igama layo. Njengezinye imikhumbi eziningi, lokhu yethiwa umcwaningi odumile Soviet. Mihail Mihaylovich Somov wazalwa ngo-1908 eMoscow. Wanikeza kweminyaka eminingi kangaka umsebenzi wakhe ozithandayo, waba udokotela wesayensi womhlaba, futhi ngo-1952 yena yanikezelwa eGold Star of the Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

UYise umcwaningi esizayo waba uprofesa nabalimi izinhlanzi kwelinye amanyuvesi ezweni. Ngokwakhe Mikhail Mikhailovich futhi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu wafundisa khona. Kakade eminyakeni engu-30 waba nethuba ukuya bomkhankaso Arctic.

Mikhail wakwazi ukusinda ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi ngisho ukhishwa indondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela ye-Arctic namaSoviet", "Ukuze Ukunqoba phezu eJalimane e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ka 1941-1945.", Kanye Order of Red Star.

Phakathi nempi wayeyisosha kwaba ahileleke ice imisebenzi ku weqembu lemikhumbi White Sea. Izikhathi eziningana esesizile umkhumbi ngokusebenzisa Arctic, futhi kamuva bavikela edolobhaneni Dixon kusukela impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German.

Ngemva kwempi, Mikhail Somov ephethwe ukuze ubuyele imisebenzi yesayensi. Wavikela mqondo yakhe, ephethwe esiteshini polar "North Pole 2". Ngo-1955 waba nethuba lokuba inhloko kweSoviet uhambo lokuqala Antarctic. Ngemva kwalokho, akukho isikhathi kwaba induna ucwaningo travel.

lokuzalwa

Mikhail washona ngo-1973. Ekwindla ka ngonyaka ozayo, iKomiti Yombuso Hydrometeorology futhi Hydrology wase-USSR wakhipha umyalo wokuba phrojekthi. Agcina eseyinto umkhumbi "Mikhail Somov". Kwehliswe isikebhe emanzini kuphela ngo-February 1975 Lokhu ehlobo, umkhumbi wakhuliswa ifulegi State of the USSR. Lolu suku lwamukelwa ngokomthetho 'bayazalwa' lomthumbi ikusasa ice. Uma wayiswa ukuphathwa SRI ye-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Futhi, ngendiza yokuqala ekwindla ka-1975.

Ubunzima yokuqala

Ngaleso sikhathi navigation "ice umhlaba" kwaba ezinzima neziyingozi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuqonda, bayasithola kwaba ithimba ezingemnandi njalo, kwaba indaba nje yokuzitshela kunalokho ajwayelekile. Mhlawumbe, kwaba amangalisayo nokuthi full ice "Mikhail Somov" waya olwandle, iminyaka emibili kuphela ngemva nohambo lwakhe lokuqala.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1977. Injongo yalolu hambo kwaba nokusebenzisa ukushintsha abasebenzi Arctic esiteshini "Leningrad". Kodwa nje endleleni eya mission sihlangabezane umkhumbi e ubumbano ice 8-10. Wayeka ezihambayo, bekulangazelela okungcono. Kamuva ngabo waqala wokuqala "Mikhail Somov" ukuphila Balleny ice drift ku array.

namatilosi omkhumbi akazange alahlekelwe. Akwazi ukuqedela umsebenzi. Ngemva cishe kwezinyanga ezimbili ama we ophihliza iqhwa wasinda ogibeni. Ukuze ekuthunjweni izinsuku 53 ', "ayeya abangaphezu kuka-250 amakhilomitha amathathu.

izenzakalo sephrofayela

Kodwa ngempela ephezulu iphrofayela zenzakalo zenzeka kuphela ngo-1985. Khona-ke u-ice-full "Mikhail Somov" waya eLwandle Ross. Kukhona etholakala eduze esiteshini "Russian", okuyinto kwaba lalidinga izimpahla kanye nabasebenzi kokushintsha.

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kwakwaziwa ukuthi amabhungane ama-Pacific wemboni Antarctica is for "lezimanga" yalo iyingozi. Ice afanayo ayenzima, ngakho umkhumbi uye wachitha isikhathi esiningi futhi esiteshini kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba lapho uya khona uye esiqaliwe ubusika Antarctic.

Sesifikile isikhathi kulula. Kodwa "Mikhail Somov" ayikwazanga ushiye bakubo. Lo mkhumbi kwakufanele wehlise uphethiloli kanye nemikhiqizo, kanye ukushintsha abasebenzi.

Qala enkingeni

izenzakalo Eminye zenzeka ngokushesha. Ngo-March 15, lo mkhumbi hit isicupho ice. Rose isivunguvungu esinamandla, futhi iqembu ivinjwe esindayo zeqhwa. Ezimangelengele ikhava ulwandle lwalungenhla 3-4 amamitha obukhulu. Kwacaca ukuthi ukuphuma ngokushesha behluleka.

Yaqala ukusebenza wokutakula. Manje kudingeka izobalwa ngosizo iziphuphutheki kanye kwesimo endaweni zasemoyeni eseduze izinsuku ukukhululwa kwe-ophihliza iqhwa "Mikhail Somov". Lo mkhumbi, mhlawumbe, ungase uthole ekuthunjweni, kuze kube sekupheleni 1985.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi iqembu lingase kakhulu ziyancipha ngesibalo, kwakusafanele inkinga nhlobo ukuba kwakhe liyakumcolisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakade kule ndaba eye yenzeka "Chelyuskin". Kwakusobala ukuthi isidingo iqhinga ukuze kwakhiwe ekamu ice, lapho obekumele ukuhambisa ithimba ukulinda wokutakula.

Ukungasebenzi akuyona inketho

Kamuva yabe seyaziwa ukuthi iqembu eduze bathunjwa kwaba umkhumbi "UPavel Korchagin". Kodwa "eduze" umqondo ngokwanele subjective. Ngu amazinga Antarctica, ngempela kwakuseduze, kodwa eqinisweni hlangana kwamakhotho babe ngamakhulu amakhilomitha.

Ngalesi sikhathi, iziteshi izindaba wezwe kuphela futhi wathi ithimba phetho. Kwakudingekile kanzima ukuze lisindise umkhumbi "Mikhail Somov". Drift nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungonakalisa izimpilo inqwaba yabantu. Khona-ke waqala Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi umkhumbi ishiywa isiphetho sabo futhi kufanele ugcine othile kudaleke umonakalo.

Empeleni, kwaba nje amahemuhemu. Kakade ngo-Ephreli, ngosizo ezinophephela emhlane, abantu 77 emkhunjini "UPavel Korchagin" zithutha. 53 bamazwe polar zazisekhona ebhodini. Babehlanganisa uCaptain Valentin Rodchenko. Kakade ngoMeyi, baba imifantu ebonakalayo eqhweni emhlabeni umkhumbi. Kukhona ithemba ukuze ngithole insindiso. Kodwa kwaba kubi ngisho nakakhulu. Umoya eyenziwa umkhumbi ngaseningizimu.

ukusiza

Kakade Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1985 uhulumeni enquma ukuthumela in a ophihliza iqhwa wokutakula uhambo "Vladivostok". Sekusele izinsuku isitsha babasiza ozakwabo. Ezinsukwini 5 nje emkhunjini ukulayishwa izimpahla zikaphethiloli imishini nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

Kodwa induna, "Vladivostok" kwakuwumsebenzi kunzima kakhulu. Gennady Anokhin ayesmhola umkhumbi ukuze yena ngokwakhe akazange abe ukulondoloza. Uma kungenjalo, lokhu eyayingase iqedwe indaba ice-full "Mikhail Somov".

Inkinga yayiwukuthi uhlobo "Vladivostok" umkhumbi kwamanzi ingxenye kwaba Iqanda-okwenyanga. Lokhu kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uma ingozi umkhumbi exoshwa izicupho zabo. Kodwa ngaphambi Gennadiem Anohinym umsebenzi kwakungeyona nje ukuya "Mikhail Somov", kodwa futhi ukuba banqobe latitude owaziwa: the forties kanye nabangamashumi amahlanu, ababe idume frenzy yabo futhi ingozi.

"Vladivostok" bafinyelela izinga elingakaze ngempumelelo New Zealand, kwakusenolimi isitokwe amafutha kanye uhambo e-Antarctica.

ubuntu adumile

Umlando "Mikhail Somov" ithuba ngijwayele ezifana namadoda abanesibindi njengoba u-Artur Chilingarov noVictor Gusev. Okokuqala ngesikhathi yena waba inhloko yalawa operation wokutakula futhi "Vladivostok" wayethola ukuba isiboshwa. Okwesibili - manje eyaziwa umhlaziyi yezemidlalo. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngemva kunjalo ophihliza iqhwa abadumile.

Ngakho lapho Chilingarov waqokwa inhloko ukusebenza wokutakula, wabahloli babengakutfokoteli kubakhona. Abanye baye baphathwa ngayo ubutha. Kodwa lokho kamuva Gusev usevikele esemthethweni. Wathi Chilingarov hhayi kuphela usosayensi futhi isihambi, ukuthi kuyinto uchwepheshe emkhakheni wabo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yena uzibophezele kuwo.

kamuva umhlaziyi uxoxa indaba eyehlela kuze kube manje. It kuvela ukuthi ngemva kokumukisa "Vladivostok" New Zealand isitsha isiphepho kuzibamba. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi iqembu ngakho kungukuthi ejwayele izenzakalo ezinjalo, umkhumbi waze akawufaneli sezulu esibi. Ophihliza iqhwa onyakaziswa ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya uhlangothi. Three usuku wabahloli wahlushwa Ukugula okubangelwa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Pheka ngisakwazi kwenza lutho. Chilingarov kuphela buthule sithutha umkhumbi, ngomumo, uma othile engakubuza.

Amashwa ngamashwa

Nakuba umkhumbi "Mikhail Somov" yasinda njengoba ayengakwenza, "Vladivostok" waba sisalwa isiphepho. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiphongolo kaphethiloli, okuyinto ithimba won New Zealand, ekuqaleni ukugeza olwandle. Chilingarov yamemezela wabahloli polar ukuthi uma uzolahlekelwa 50% fuel, bazokwazi ukubambelela iziboshwa, kodwa uma 51%, bese umkhumbi uyobuyela.

Gusev ukhumbula ukuthi zonke abakghona yima ngezinyawo zakhe, uphuthunyiswe tie emgqonyeni. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa lokho kwakunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi engaphansi kwengxenye fuel elahlekile, kanye asele kwakwanele ukuba athole 'Mikhail Somov ".

Imihlatshelo ngenxa

Okudla uphethiloli kanjalo kwaba ngempela akwanele. Ithimba kwadingeka kakhulu ukulondoloza izinsiza, hhayi kuphela ukuze usinde ngokwabo, kodwa futhi ukulondoloza osebenza nabo. Kwanqunywa ukuba ahlanze ageze kuphela ngenyanga kabili. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-crew bese bahlanze screw kanye isigwedlo ice. Kwadingeka sibe njengoba ngokucophelela, ngoba kusuke kusengozini kwaba nje ukuphila kwakhe siqu, kodwa futhi osebenza nabo.

Esikhathini esingangenyanga ngemva kokumukisa "Vladivostok" owakwazi ukuya "UPavel Korchagin 'isitsha. Manje inkambo oba ingenakukwazi kagesi "Mikhail Somov". Ngemva kwesonto, iziboshwa got-MI-8 indiza ukuthi alethwe ku odokotela ibhodi kanye nazo zonke ezidingo ezidingekayo.

Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela isibindi

Ngaphambi umkhumbi wawususukile kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili amakhilomitha. "Vladivostok" iwela isicupho ice. Viktor Gusev Usakukhumbula kanjani namatilosi omkhumbi waphuma phezu eqhweni. Nge isitsha omkhulu yehliselwa intambo. Amatilosi benza kahle, waqala e ihange sayo futhi yaqala ezizamazamisa isikebhe. Lo mkhuba isivele isicelo polar, mhlawumbe ngempumelelo. Kodwa umsebenzi wokutakula nesikhathi lucky.

izenzakalo ezinjalo akunakugwenywa. Nature wakhetha ukunika ithuba amatilosi, futhi ekuseni zamaqhwa kwesokunxele "Vladivostok" kuphela. Ngo polar akukho isikhathi esesisele ngisho nangenjabulo. Kwakudingekile ukutakula osebenza nabo.

Imicimbi kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union wabona e-Antarctica. Ngo-July 26, ngo-9 ekuseni Chilingarov nethimba ifinyelele eyisithunjwa "Mikhail Somov". amahora amabili ngemuva umkhumbi okololi wathatha wiring.

Kudingeke ukuba basheshe. Antarctic ebusika ungakwazi ukubamba kokubili nabasebenza singalindele. Lo mkhumbi "Mikhail Somov" kwadingeka asuswe ice esindayo. Cishe 3 amaviki icebreakers aphume olwandle oluvulekile, bajeziswe emva kwezinsuku 6 befika Wellington, lapho bebehlala khona: ezifudumele njengoba heroes kweqiniso.

ezintsha

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi "Mikhail Somov" wayemiselwe okwesithathu ukuze singene drift ice. Kwathi hhayi ngesikhathi esifanele - ngo-1991. Ehlobo lika-crew ngaya esiteshini wokutakula "Youth". Elapho bashiye wabahloli abagibele isitsha. Kodwa endleleni futhi ikhaya eboshwe kweqhwa. Phakathi no-Agasti, bandisa waya ukusindisa iqembu.

Kwadingeka ukuba ngibuyele soke isiqhema emuva "Youth" esiteshini. Futhi nje ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, Il-76MD Ayikwazanga ukukhululwa 190 bamazwe. Lo mkhumbi aqhubeka abanjwe kuze Disemba 28. Ukuze amsize ngakho akekho oweza, kwaba ngenxa yesimo esinzima ezweni. Futhi uma 'Mikhail Somov "wasinda bebodwa, iSoviet Union iye njalo wahlala" ngaphansi ice abandayo zezombusazwe ".

Phakathi kwababusi

Ngo-2000 aqhube ukulungisa umkhumbi bakuthumela anawo North UGMS ngesikhathi. Kuze kube namuhla, "Mikhail Somov", isithombe okuhlalayo ezisenkumbulweni eziningi, kuzuzisa wabahloli. Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ngemva imvuselelo yayo, wayephumelela uhambo ezimbili, ekuletheni wezimpahla iziteshi polar.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, lezi mikhankaso wayesevele eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu izindiza asekelayo kuqaliswa futhi ucwaningo. Ngo-2003, i-ophihliza iqhwa waya kwelinye ohlelweni "Pechora - Shtokman 2003", futhi weza uhambo e-Arctic ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza wonke ucwaningo oludingekayo.

Sekuyiminyaka engu-16 wenza eziningi izindiza eziye ezihambisana hhayi kuphela iziteshi polar, kodwa futhi nge imisebenzi yocwaningo. Manje enikela imishini nezinto esiteshini okuthunyelwe emngceleni, kanye nokusiza lokufeza ekutadisheni olwandle i-Arctic ice. Lo mkhumbi ngeqholo ophethe igama usosayensi odumile Mikhail Somov, futhi uyaqhubeka ukwenza umnikelo isayensi.

udumisa

Ophihliza iqhwa, like wamazwe yakhe edumile, wahlonishwa imiklomelo. Ngemva uhambo sina futhi ngokugqamile 1985 "Mikhail Somov" wathola i the Order of Red Banner Wezabasebenzi ngokuba izinsuku phezu 133 heroically bamelana drift eqhweni e-Antarctica.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yena yanikezelwa umninindlu isitsha Valentine Rodchenko: waba Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ungakhohlwa mayelana lonke nomsizi wakhe.