LaseMagdeburg umthetho

Umlando Belarus, ezingaphezu kweyodwa yeminyaka, kuyingxenye ebalulekile lwesiSlavic, impucuko European. Njengengxenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania, izwe Iyakwazi impumelelo impucuko yaseNtshonalanga. Ensimini ka Belarus athuthukile amazinga elivamile laseYurophu sezombusazwe kanye zomthetho. Ikakhulukazi, ukubaluleka okukhulu kwaba inhlangano yendawo ukuzibusa.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi emizaneni ezinkulu yokwakheka abakhileyo kwaba sezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuqinisekile nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlobo kwamasiko. Emakhulwini eminyaka 13-14 emizini Belarus ukuze kuxazululwe eziningi bezinye izizwe, ikakhulukazi amaJalimane. Ngokwesibonelo, e Polotsk kwaba Hanseatic okuthunyelwe zokuhweba. Esikhathini Grodno futhi Brest babenegunya elikhulu abathengisi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla eJalimane. AmaJalimane, ukudala imiphakathi khulula baye basebenzisa ilungelo labo eMagdeburg. Wabanikeza izinzuzo ezingaphezu kuka nezinye izakhamuzi.

Ukusiza ukuthuthukisa nemizana elikhulu ekuhwebeni futhi izikebhe wemboni, kanye ukuheha izakhamuzi ezintsha, laseMagdeburg Law kwakusakazwa nazo zonke izikhulu lamalokishi ngobukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abasesigabeni esiphakathi bakhangwa imithetho emisha. umthetho kaMasipala ebugqilini ukulawula kanye nokuphathwa inkantolo grand-ducal noma umnikazi.

Umuzi ngowokuqala zithole incwadi, Vilna baba (e 1387). Ngemva laseMagdeburg sokunene livikeleke Grodno futhi Brest. Ngekhulu le-15 izincwadi ezitholakala emizini Belarus, njengoba Minsk, Polotsk, Slutsk.

Oriental Land wathola laseMagdeburg Law kakhulu umhla Western. Izazi-mlando bathi lokhu kubangwa ohlelweni athuthukile kakhulu sesifunda kanye Veche izinhlelo e Pridvin'e futhi Dnieper. izikhungo Lapha lasendulo indawo, ikakhulukazi Vitebsk, Polotsk futhi Smolensk, wayelokhu exhumana ezifundeni isikhathi eside ngenxa yeziteleka.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 emphakathini zasemadolobheni kanye uhlelo zasemakhaya esempumalanga Belarus waqala iba yingxenye yomhlabathi. Ngakho, ngo-Polotsk boyars waqala ukuba enqabe ukwenza imisebenzi. waqala umzabalazo Komphakathi. Kulesi simo, amandla nemizana ezinkulu ngokwabo wafuna sisekelo ukuzibusa.

umthetho German wathatha khona, lapho kukhona onesithakazelo ke, ikakhulukazi ezenhlalo.

Emva kokuthola izincwadi zasemizaneni basungula kule ndawo entsha. Nokho, cishe akekho wabanika isiqiniseko ukuthi imeya nababusi ngeke siphazamise emphilweni edolobheni.

Ukwamukelwa amaFilisti bavunyelwe ukuba bahlanganyele ukuhweba khulula kuleli zwe. Kulokhu, zingabantu ekhululiwe zangezifiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanazo lidlule endaweni enkulu emhlabeni emzaneni. AmaFilisti etholwe nelungelo ukungena emahlathini yangasese namanzi zokubasa, ziklabe, ngokudoba, ukuzingela. Ilungelo ku laseMagdeburg (umthetho) avunyelwa ukuba ukuqoqa inzuzo kusukela izitolo kanye izitolo, ukwakha izakhiwo zomphakathi, futhi ukhiye ngisho kwezinye izimo.

Emadolobheni amakhulu, esisogwini imigwaqo ukuhweba kubalulekile ezakhiwa Gostiny Dvor zabathengisi angaphandle.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo emadolobheni imisebenzi izinhlamvu athweswe kwakungafanele sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu. AmaFilisti kwakudingeka zikhokhe izintela endaweni yomcebo nombuso, okuhlanganisa ordynschinu futhi serebschinu (izimali izidingo lempi) esimweni lapho basuke onikezwe isimo. Ngakho, izakhamuzi emadolobheni amakhulu, wanika umthetho eMagdeburg, kubhekwa ungqimba ikakhulukazi esiyilungelo Belarus ephakathi.

Amadiploma cishe lususwe lonke imizana, kokubili kwencika zezimali kanye zomthetho ngamandla Grand Duke sika.

Nge iphuzu zokuphatha kanye zomthetho umbono, umthetho-German ukuze ngokucacile ukuhlukanisa phakathi dolobhana futhi edolobheni. Uhlelo olusha organically ngokwanele langena ukuphila labantu Belarus.

umthetho German kukhanselwe ngomyalo uCatherine II.