Komphakathi Democrat Agasti Bebel: Biography, izici imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Sezombangazwe nomlobi Agasti Bebel wazalwa Februwari 22, 1840 emzini German Cologne. Wayeyindodana isikhulu non-ethunywe abampofu. Uyise ebulawa isifo sofuba lapho umfana esemncane kakhulu. umama Umfelokazi ithuthumela ingane edolobheni Hessian ka Wetzlar. Kube Agasti Bebel ilubeke esikoleni.

kumiswa

Eminyakeni 14, Socialist esizayo waqala ukutadisha amakhono lathe. Usuku lwakhe ukusebenza lwathatha amahora 14. Encwadini esifushane khulula nentombazana esencane Ngafunda okuningi, ukuze ifunde incwadi ngemva ncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe owathandayo amanoveli "eRobinson Crusoe" futhi "Cabin uMalume kaTom." Incwadi yokugcina sanikezelwa inkinga zokugqilazeka Melika. Ngakho-ke, ngisho etemibhalo ukunambitheka enyanya wabonisa ngokucacile abasha Bebel nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo.

Funda, umbhali esizayo baba eziningi wokujikeleza. Wandering basiphonsa ezihlukahlukene izindawo, kodwa ekugcineni, wahlala e Leipzig. Phakathi travel Agasti Bebel ecakashile isipiliyoni ezathonya bemhlonipha njengomuntu. Ukuze usebenze njengoba journeyman wokujikeleza, ayenakho isikhathi eside ukusabela iziphathimandla, esibekela e emva 1848 lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso.

Ukuqala imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle

lapho nje Agasti Bebel ebehlala e Leipzig (1860), njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe, iJalimane kuyofikwa ukuvuselelwa ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe. Khulisa kunombolo iziteleka nemiboniso abangasebenzi. ukunganeliseki laliyisikhungo hhayi kuphela e Leipzig kodwa futhi Berlin futhi Elberfeld. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, like amakhowe emva kwemvula baqala ukuvela Izinyunyana zabasebenzi. Ngo 1861 Bebel Avgust bajoyine amakhono Sikhungo Society.

Inhlangano wenza turner abadumile. Akazange nje wafunda okuningi kodwa futhi baba isenzo njalo phambi kwabantu. Ngokushesha Bebel kwahlanganiswa ukuphathwa kwenkampani. Kodwa isifiso sokuvelela akamvumelanga ukuhlala umsebenzi kwezemfundo. Ngo-1866, Bebel, kanye Vilgelmom Libknehtom wasungula Saxon Yabantu Party. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sezombangazwe baba usihlalo we Council of zabasebenzi.

sezenhlalo olunezimiso

Ngo umsebenzi wakhe omusha Agasti Bebel wahambe rapprochement ne First International. isinqumo kwakhe kwadabukisa eshubile iqembu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba ukuzehlukanisa. Ngo-1869, Bebel wathatha yiNhloko entsha Social-Democratic Labour Party, egcwele Flagship imibono kwesokunxele-wing eJalimane. inqubomgomo Umsebenzi kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abalandeli bakhe kanye nebangani. Lokhu kufakazelwa okungenani yokuthi Marx babembheka umholi ovelele German Social Democracy.

Ngisho okhethweni 1867 kuya Reichstag laseNyakatho German Union, okuyinto Agasti Bebel wakhethwa. inqubomgomo Biography yisibonelo ukuphila komuntu, kuze kube sekupheleni yokulwela imibono yabo. Kulo leli zwe ekulweni France, Bebel wanikeza inkulumo evuthayo lapho enxusa ukuba ukwenza ukuthula no isiFulentshi, ngenxa yobumbano yabasebenza wonke amazwe. Ngenxa yalesi isikhulumi ngaquliswa icala ukuvukela umbuso. Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala Leipzig Agasti Bebel Social Democrat wagwetshwa iminyaka emibili ejele.

ushushiso

Ngesikhathi esejele, eziningi izinqubomgomo sizifundise, ngakho ngisho nokuboshwa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuchitha ngokuzuzisayo. Ngokushesha Bebel wadedelwa futhi waqhubeka ukulwela amalungelo abasebenzi. Ngo-1878 waxoshwa Leipzig waba umama. Isizathu sokuba namandla yokucindezelwa kwaba "Anti-Socialist uMthetho." Lo mbhalo, esisayinwe Kaiser Wilhelm mina, wawuvala umsebenzi party leftist ngaphandle kwePhalamende.

Bebel waqala ukuhlala kuyo Borsdorf. Waqhubeka ukuhamba kuleli zwe futhi ukuba baqhube umsebenzi lulwimi zomthetho Party, egade kabili wagwetshwa stints iDemo ejele. Ukushicilelwa 70s kanye 80s. yabonisa ngobani Agasti Bebel kusukela iphuzu ngemibono umbono. Wayengumuntu umsekeli umsekeli oqinile noKarla Marksa nemibono yakhe okwethulwa "Capital". Bebel babemelene revisionism ku-ndawonye bese isiJalimane, ihlose ngahlola izisekelo isifundiso ngakwesobunxele.

"Owesifazane bese ubudlela"

aphorisms eziningi nezingcaphuno Avgusta Bebelya waziwa izincwadi zakhe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko futhi okuphawuleka kakhulu umbhali angabhekisa kuye kubhekwe incwadi "Owesifazane bese ubudlela," eshicilelwe ngo-1878. Le ncwadi kwaba umphumela kweminyaka eminingi emsebenzini. Emuva ngo-1869 Bebel kwaba ephalamende wokuqala kule Reichstag waphakamisa impikiswano kuvikeleka ngekwemtsetfo womama.

Umbhali emzabalazweni yesigaba sabasebenzi ngokumelene wobunxiwankulu ukulwela amalungelo. Ngokusho Bebel, wayengalokothi akwazi ukuhlukana umphakathi kokwethembela nesomnotho kwabesifazane ku amadoda, izisebenzi zesifazane ubugqila, ngomzimba ubandlululo ngokobulili abendlu abavamile. Injongo eyinhloko ye-Socialist kulezi zindaba umbhali kubhekwe impumelelo ukulingana ngokobulili. Encwadini, umlobi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sachaza umlando isikhundla labesifazane emphakathini, futhi ngakolunye - wachaza nezifiso abasekeli abo maqondana nezindaba zabesifazane. Le ncwadi ishicilelwe nje sekuphele unyaka elithi "uMthetho Anti-obuKhomanisi." Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva ukubonakala kwakhe baba sihoxiswe iziphathimandla. Nokho, kusukela salolu shicilelo Bebel atholwe kuphela ezikhulayo ngokuthandwa.

antimilitarist

Ngo-1889, kwase kunesiqiniseko yi Okwesibili International. Imisebenzi yokuphila kwakhe Bebel neminyaka yokugcina wawutholakala ikakhulu ezihlobene nale nhlangano. Abangane of the ukunyakaza Social-Democratic emhlabeni wonke umethembe imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Bebel, ngezinga elivunyelwa yimpilo, njalo bahlanganyela iCongress of the International. Ikakhulukazi abatelekile kwaba ukusebenza kwakhe ngo-1904 Congress e-Amsterdam.

Futhi ngo-1907 Stuttgart Bebel waphinda, njengoba esemusha, agxeke Abasekeli impi. Ngesikhathi Congress ohanjelwa émigré Russian uVladimir Lenin. Umholi amaBolshevik, kanye Roza Lyuksemburg futhi Menshevik uJulius Martov wenza ezimbalwa izinguquko isinqumo Bebel sika, lapho uthisha wavuma. I version yokugcina idokhumenti ebizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi uma ingozi empi ukuvikela umbonwabo phambi iziphathimandla sabo siqu, kuhlanganise usebenzisa izindlela ze-non-ePhalamende emzabalazweni.

Ukufa ifa

Bebel washona ngo-August 13, 1913 Swiss edolobheni Passugge. Ngokusho intando inqubomgomo, wembelwa Zurich. On Ukuhamba bakhe balila hhayi kuphela e-Germany kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Imibuthano kukhunjulwa sezenhlalo eRussia, eMelika, ngisho e-Australia. Izaziso zokufa wasemuva yesigaba sabasebenzi zazinyatheliswa wonke amaphepha zokusebenza.

Mayelana Bebel owakhuluma ngenhlonipho ejulile Lenin nezinye amaBolshevik. Befaka isicelo sokuphikisa isinqumo umqondo kwesiphetho inguquko sezenhlalo. Lo mholi wezombusazwe ukholelwa isinyathelo wezikhali wokulwa iziphathimandla isidingo ukuqeda ukuphila engaphansi bekholelwa ukuthi kwesokunxele ingafinyelela izimfuno zabo esebenzisa ePhalamende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bebel waxwayisa ngokuthi iziphathimandla yokuzingela ngokuqondile isigaba sabasebenzi ekuhlatshweni lingabacindezeli, lapho degree of ekilasini incandescence emphakathini European isifinyelele umkhawulo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu noma kwenye, kodwa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala waqala kuphela ngonyaka ngempela ngemva kokufa sezenhlalo abadumile.