Umlando edolobheni. Lviv: umlando ekudalweni futhi igama lomuzi

Omunye ezikhumbuzo amahle kakhulu futhi ecebile yezakhiwo endaweni Ukraine Lviv. Umlando emzini kakhulu yaqala kuze kube namuhla ugcwele eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Sizozama ukugqamisa enhle kakhulu babo. Umlando laseLviv ngabo bonke ubuhle baso ukwembula phambi kwethu.

prehistory

Ancient nemizana Slavic ensimini yedolobha lanamuhla has kwaqala abaningi ku-BC V leminyaka. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umlando Lviv iqala kusukela kulo mzuzwana. Kakade kusukela ekhulwini VII, e ukukhokhela ngenkuthalo isebenze endaweni ababazi, okwayinika ilungelo ngokuthi idolobha. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi okwakuthiwa i-isiphetho, usalokhu uyimfihlakalo mlando. isiphetho owakhiwe ngalezo zinsuku, izizwe White eCroatia.

Ngo 981, endaweni ezungeze ikusasa Lviv, ekulweni nombuso abasha Polish, ukuthi lebhalwe Prince uVladimir Kiev Rus. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kule ndawo kwahlanganiswa kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe umsebenzi ukuphila Omdala isimo Russian.

Ngemva ekuqaleni kwehlukana izinduna kwemibuso olulodwa lasendulo Russian zomhlaba, lapho manje simi Emgodzini, kwathiwa ekuqaleni kufakwe ubukhulu Galician, futhi kusukela 1199 - ku Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu Monomakh. UMdali ngalesi simo ubhekwa Mstislavovich inoveli, uyise umsunguli ikusasa Lviv, Daniel Romanovich Galitsky.

Nokuqhakaza kwayo ukubusa Galician

Kwakuwusuku ngenkathi yokubusa kaDaniyeli siphathelene izimbali kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki uhulumeni Galician. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi konke ukuphila kwakhe kuye kwadingeka ukuba kwenziwe ukulwa wendawo izikhulu nangaphandle bahlaseli - Poland naseHungary.

Kodwa igalelo olusindayo kusukela isimo entshonalanga okubangelwa amaMongol-Tatar ehlasela. Ngokuhamba we yinqwaba, emadolobheni amaningi Galicia ezibhujisiwe. Ngokungafani nezinye izikhulu Daniel kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe washiya isikhundla sakhe ngokuphelele ukuba athwale ijoka ebusheni angaphandle. Yena njalo ibheka izindlela ekwazi ukumelana bahlaseli, wazama ukwakha umfelandawonye ngokumelene amaMongol, ehlanganisa ababusi Western. Ukuze lokhu, kwaba ngisho ukulungele ukuya nimunye iSonto LamaKatolika, nakuba practice ze dazula Lobu-Orthodox. Iqaphela enkonzweni yakhe ukholo emzabalazweni kanye amaMongol Daniil Galitsky uPapa wanikwa isihloko King of Russia.

Leyo misebenzi kwesikhulu Yiqiniso, ayikuthandi khans zidlamlilo, othumele uhambo ingajezisa ngemva kwenye ukuphoqelela ubuqotho bakhe. Ngenxa loku kuseshwa Galicia emadolobheni nase madolobhaneni amaningi kwabhujiswa.

Lviv isizinda

Tatar kuphangwa ayengabanye izizathu ekusungulweni edolobheni enegama elihle Lviv. Umlando kokudaliweyo yakhe iqala countdown yayo 1256. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umlilo kulimala inhloko-dolobha Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu - Hill. Kule ndaba, Prince Daniel, kwanqunywa ukuba ukwakha idolobha elisha omkhulu ohlala endaweni ezingafinyeleleki kuphangwa Tartar.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izazi-mlando uphola usuku eLvov isisekelo ukuze isikhathi ngaphambili - e 1247 noma 1240. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kulezi imicabango yalesi mcimbi siyigubhe emshadweni wendodana yakhe Daniila Lva, futhi ukuthatha amaMongol Kiev.

Igama idolobha

Cishe zonke-mlando ube umbono ofanayo, kungani umuzi wanikezwa igama eLvov. History of the gama ephakanyiswe indodana nendlalifa Daniila Galitskogo - Lev Danilovich. Kwaba behlonipha uyise esikhulu esagcina sele sibizwa emzini, nalokho lwaluyoba inhloko-dolobha ubukhulu. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama wanikezwa ngosuku lomshado ne indodakazi Lion King yeHungary.

inhlokodolobha Russian zombuso

Umlando laseLviv wathatha ukujika entsha nge 1269, lapho uLeo waba isikhulu Galicia-naseVolyn King futhi Russian. Nguye ethutha ikomkhulu kuwo umuzi galich banqotshwa yila mathonya ekubhujisweni okuphindaphindiwe washisa egqumeni. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke Lions angagcini umuzi omkhulu we Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, kodwa eqinisweni maphakathi umbuso Russian.

Ngokuhambisana isimo salo elisha, omuzi aqala ukwakhiwa okukhulu. Ngo 1270 yayakhiwe okubizwa ngokuthi High Castle - enqabeni edolobheni. Nakuba isikhulu wayephila esikhathini Lower Castle. Lonke ukuphila wezokuhlalisana wedolobha senzeka emakethe, ukuthi kwaba khona inhliziyo yakhe. Enhloko-dolobha zathuthelekela abantu abaningi kusukela nemizana ezizungezile futhi ezikude. Ngakho wakhula Lviv. Umlando edolobheni buye baba ingxenye engenakususwa umlando emhlabeni.

Ngemva kokufa Leo mina edolobheni akalilahlile isimo salo dolobha. Wahlala umuzi omkhulu isimo nangaphansi izikhulu ezilandelayo, bobabili abangamaShayina wazala isihloko King of Russia. Lokhu zaqhubeka kuze kube 1340 ngemva kokufa George II Boleslaw isinqumo uhlanga akuyona wabhuntsha.

Lions ngaphakathi Commonwealth

Kwake kwathi ngo-Galicia waphula lwamakhosi elibusayo, amalungelo akhe kuya ubukhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi Lviv, watshela inkosi Polish Casimir III. Ngo 1340, amabutho akhe bawuthumba umuzi futhi kwamiswa amandla wasebukhosini. Nokho, inkosi yanginika kuhulumeni edolobheni futhi umthetho eMagdeburg, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, Emgodzini waqala ngokushesha Polonized. Ngokushesha iningi bendawo abangu nabasePoland. Ingxenye enkulu labantu babe futhi amaJuda. Umlando laseLviv kusukela manje kuze kube-1939 kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Poland.

Ngo 1412 edolobheni lase-galich archiepiscopal esihlalweni Kwangithinta kakhulu lokho.

Ngo-1569 Poland naseLithuania akha isimo union - Rzeczpospolita. Njengengxenye Lions bakhe kwaze kwaba 1772, lapho ngenxa ukwahlukanisa lokuqala isimo Polish-Lithuanian, yena, njengabo bonke abanye Galicia, ezahlanganiswa naleli Empire Austrian ka abakwaHabsburg.

Kingdom of Galicia kanye Lodomeria

Njengengxenye Habsburg ohlanga, Lviv yaba inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe, lapho ubizwa ngokuthi uMbuso Galicia kanye Lodomeria. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuzi bekuyingxenye kwelinye izwe wabe esemiswa njengombusi wesifundazwe of Vienna, e esifundeni iyaqhubeka ukudlala indima eyinhloko aqhubeka izikhulu Polish.

Nokho, lesi sikhathi angase abizwe ngokuthi imvuselelo kwamasiko edolobheni. University ibuyiselwe, yaseshashalazini evulekile, kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla asekelayo ekulweni obscurantism zenkolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo saqala ukuvuseleleka kwamasiko umphakathi Ruthenian, njengoba abakwaHabsburg wazama uwathole yesaphothi ngxabano izikhulu Polish.

Izama ukubuyisa wekuba sive Ukraine

Ngemva umphumela ukunqotshwa eMpini Okokuqala Umhlaba ngo-1918 kwaba khona ngokuwa Empire Austro-Hungarian, nezazi Ukraine Lviv umzamo ukubuyisela esimweni sazo siqu senziwa. Wakhombisa e isimemezelo Simemetelo isimo uzibuse Republic Western Ukrainian Yabantu (ZUNR) October 19, 1918.

Kodwa inkinga kwakungekona ukuthi iningi labantu Lviv ngesikhathi kwakungamadodana nabasePoland, owabona yena kuphela njengengxenye isimo esisha Polish. Ngakho-ke ZUNR isiphetho kokuvalelwa. Ngo-November, inhloko kwezinhloko zamaviyo Polish Pilsudski kakade GCWELE ENGAMELA eLvov, kanti maduze ZUNR ibutho yagcina ihluliwe.

Ngaphansi kokubusa Polish

Ngakho, umlando Lviv phambi 1939 kwakuhambisana nezinga uhulumeni Polish. Ukraine amalungelwabo aphuliweko ngokuphelele ngalesi sikhathi. Kwabe sekuqala enye yezinto emakhasini ebanga usizi kunazo zonke emlandweni esifundeni. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi waphenduka umzabalazo olunegazi phakathi isizwe Ukraine kanye neziphathimandla Polish, isisulu esiyinhloko zazo elaliyizakhamuzi phakathi abamele kokubili nenye ubuzwe.

Ngo-1939, Poland empeleni ihlukaniswe phakathi kweJalimane eSoviet Union. ELvov Galicia cishe yonke lathathwa umbuso kokuphindela eSoviet Union.

Lions e-USSR

Esikhathini esingeside teshilsya emhlabeni Lviv. Umlando yambekela uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. amabutho amaNazi sahlala komuzi Juni 29, 1941. Phakathi nomsebenzi amaNazi kwaphawulwa kokunye ukucekelwa phansi elikhulu lamaJuda. amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela abakhulula abantu nomuzi wawungowegolide kuphela ngo-1944.

Ngemva kwalokho waqala ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana. Njengengxenye Ukrainian Lviv laba isikhungo ngobukhulu zezimboni nezamasiko esifundeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokungafani kuya izinkathi odlule, iningi izakhamuzi Ukraine yobuhlanga waqala.

Lions emva isimemezelo ukuzimela Ukraine

Akazange walahlekelwa ukubaluleka nokuphumelela kwaleso Lions emva isimemezelo Agasti 24, 1991 ukuzimela Ukraine. Nokho, kusukela ezingaba yezimboni edolobheni kwehle kakhulu, kodwa yize kunjalo, laliyisikhungo kwezomnotho yesifunda. Ukubaluleka yamasiko Lviv wesimanje yezwe ayikwazi overestimated. Abaningi bakubheka njengodumo inhliziyo Ukraine.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, abaningi nezikulu, kunalokho, yona ibe ikhasi lomlando ujabule komuzi. Kafushane ukudlulisela esonta yayo kanye ematfuba ngeke zisebenze. Ukuze uhlole ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe komuzi badinga ukuchitha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Nokho, ukuqonda okushiwo ezingokomoya laseLviv, a yayo kumele uvakashele mathupha.