Lo ukungqubuzana in iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea: essence, isizathu ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo. Umlando of ukungqubuzana iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea

Namuhla, ku yonke iNhlonhlo isiKorea, elise-East Asia, kukhona amazwe amabili - North Korea (DPRK) kanye Republic of Korea. Kanjani futhi kungani kwamiswa lezi ezimbili uthi? Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungani womabili la mazwe kanjalo ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nomunye futhi siyini isizathu ubutha yabo? Mayelana ukuthi kwenzekeni kusukela ekuqaleni, ukushayisana phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu Korea ayingenwa nje luhlanganise kula mazwe, ukufunda indaba yethu.

Ukuqala XX leminyaka. Lokhu kushaqa of Korea-Japan

Kuyini futhi lapho ingxabano has kwaqala iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea? Impendulo iDemo zale mibuzo akulula, ngoba izimo ezaholela ukuvela kwalezi ezimbili uthi, nolaka maqondana nomunye, kwamiswa engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.,

Ngisho nangekhulu XIX, iKorea yayiyizwe geqe, kodwa yawela ihogela izithakazelo yamazwe ahlukene, ikakhulukazi eRussia, China ne Japan. Babhekene nomunye emzabalazweni ilungelo lokubusa phezu Korea. Final iqhaza kule mpi kudlalwa neMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905. Ngenxa yalokho of Japan wakhe ekugcineni umbuso wakhona kule nhlonhlo. Ekuqaleni kusungulwa protectorate phezu Korea, ngo-1910 eJapane ngokugcwele kuhlanganisiwe ke ngaphakathi kwemingcele isimo. Ngakho zadalwa izimo, esikhathini esizayo, kwase kubangele ukuba khona ukungqubuzana ukuthi siyazi South futhi North Korea, kwezikhathi lapho kukalwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu XX.

Ngakho, iminyaka engu-35, kuze kube kokunqotshwa Japan eMpini Yezwe II, Korea wahlala ikoloni layo. Yiqiniso, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, baseKorea obuzama siphinde sikwazi ukuzimela yabo, kodwa lezempi Japan Wayeqhumbuza e ihlumela yonke imizamo enjalo.

Phakathi inkomfa, aphethwe e Cairo ngo-1943, wadingida umbuzo mayelana amathemba ezempi esifundeni Asia-Pacific. Ngokulinganiswa emngceleni wendawo ephethwe Japan, kwanqunywa esikhathini esizayo ukunikeza ukuzimela of Korea.

Ukukhululwa Korea, ulwahlukanise ku amazoni

Ngo-1945, amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo lawela phezu Peninsula isiKorea, ngokulandelana, amabutho aseSoviet angena ngalo enyakatho US - eningizimu. Esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yalokho, futhi aseNingizimu naseNyakatho kwamiswa Korea. Umlando we izingxabano sihlehlela emuva isivumelwano phakathi United States ne-Soviet Union ihlukaniswe izwe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ngempumelelo ngaphezulu isinqumo-Japanese lacela umaluju. Ukuhlukana wenziwa parallel 38th, futhi ngemva wenkululeko yokugcina yeNhlonhlo Korean kubahlaseli Japanese umbimbi aseqalile akha uhulumeni wesikhashana ukuze ukuqhubekisela phambili ubunye ezindaweni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi esimweni ebalulekile ngaphansi kobuholi enobunye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezonini eningizimu, wayephethe amaMelika futhi wawuyinhloko-dolobha ayengaphansi isimo Korean - edolobheni Seoul. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni eseningizimu ye ukuminyana nhlonhlo labantu kwakucishe ezimbili izikhathi kunaleyo enyakatho, okufanayo kwakunjalo ngama-nezinsizakusebenza zezolimo nezezimboni.

I-USSR futhi i-United States akakwazi noma engafuni ukuxoxisana

Ngemva kokusho lokhu, kwembula inkinga entsha - i-United States ne-Soviet Union abavumelani phezu inqubo ubunye yezwe. Ayehlukile ezindabeni eziningi mayelana Ukuhoxiswa amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo kusukela eKorea izinqubo, ukhetho, ekwakhekeni uhulumende womanyano, njalo njalo. D. Imizamo uyavumelana yini kuholele cishe iminyaka emibili. Ikakhulu, i-Soviet Union ekuqaleni wathi ufuna ukungenzela ukuhoxiswa ensimini of Korea, zonke amabutho akwelinye izwe emva lokho okwakungaba ungaqhubeki amaphuzu esele kohlelo. Melika akazange avumelane kulesi siphakamiso, futhi ehlobo lika-1947 elihunyushwe umbuzo-Korean ukuze UN General Assembly. Mhlawumbe essence of ukungqubuzana iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea ekuqaleni sibekwa udweshu phakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali - US futhi i-USSR.

Kodwa njengoba Melika wajabulela ukusekelwa yiningi lamalungu UN, umbuzo-Korean sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi futhi elivunyiwe nemibandela ehlongozwayo yi-United States. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iSoviet Union baphikiswa Nokho, kakade yanquma leNhlangano yeziZwe ukuthi ikomitjhini ekhethekile, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuhlela nokuziphatha ukhetho e-Korea. EU.SSR ilawula iziphathimandla North-Korean wenqabela UN Commission on engxenyeni esenyakatho nhlonhlo.

Ukudalwa republic amabili ahlukene futhi ezimele

Naphezu impikiswano, ngo-May 1948 endaweni wawuqondiswa-United States, kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile ngenxa okuyinto kwakheka ezimele Republic of Korea, noma - e-South Korea. Ukuze uhulumeni, eliholwa uMengameli Syngman Rhee, iholwa waseNtshonalanga futhi basebenza eduze ne-United States.

Ngemva kokusho lokhu, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo-Korean e-August wangonyaka efanayo kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile, futhi ngo-September, yamemezela ukusungulwa DPRK, kungenjalo - North Korea. Kulokhu, lenzeka uhulumeni pro-wamaKhomanisi, eliholwa Kim Il Sung. ENingizimu ne-North Korea - ngakho ezimbili uthi Okusizayo ezimele zadalwa. Ingxabano iqala impi ezalandela ngemva kweminyaka emibili.

Ngemva kokudala nalawa mazwe amabili e-United States ne-Soviet Union waqala ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo ensimini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngamunye ohulumeni elalisanda kumiswa ekuqaleni kwenza yesimangalo kuyo yonke indawo, inhlonhlo ye-Korean futhi ukuqinisa ngokwayo, owukuphela kukahulumeni esisemthethweni Korea. Ubudlelwano siphakamisele, izwe zanqwabelana amakhono alo ezempi, ukungqubuzana iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea, nokwenyuka kwawo kanjalo kancane kancane saya indiza amandla. Ngo 1949-1950 GG. Thina laqala izibhelu ezincane kanye parallel 38th, umkhawulo phakathi republic kwakhiwa kamuva lidlule ku ngokugcwele impi.

Ukuqala Nempi YaseKorea

Ngo-June 25, 1950 eliphansi ukungqubuzana iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea kancane kancane kwakukhula kuze kube ngezihluthu. Amaqembu Okusizayo asolana kuhlasela, kodwa namuhla kucatshangwa ukuthi umhlaseli kwaba North Korea. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kwaba sobala ukuthi ibutho North-Korean kakhulu kwalokho engiye ophikisana naye, ngoba ngosuku lwesihlanu impi, wakwazi ukuthatha Seoul. ngokushesha e-United States babasiza yaseningizimu, kanye UN umkhankaso lapho asola North Korea yolaka, obiza emphakathini womhlaba basekelwe wezempi South Korea ukuze ayogada esifundeni.

Ngenxa iinthombe amayunithi American, nangasemva kwabo namabutho ahlangene ngaphansi Aegis we-UN, izingxabano iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea, South Army ukugcina okuhlaselayo isitha. Lokhu kwalandelwa esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo ensimini ka-North Korea, okwaholela ukufakwa Chinese impi sokuzithandela amayunithi. I-USSR futhi wasekelwa lempi North Korea, futhi ngokushesha indawo lokulwa usephinde wathutha engxenyeni eseningizimu yale nhlonhlo.

Umphumela Nempi YaseKorea

Ngemva komunye esiphikisayo kuhlasela ibutho South Korean futhi azihlanganisa naye sezizwe ezihlukahlukene amabutho e-UN ngo-July 1951 yempi lagcina lithuthele parallel 38th, kuhlanganise lapho iminyaka emibili kwaqhubeka phakathi nayo yonke ukushayisana okwalandela. Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi izindleko ngokuwina yimiphi amaqembu alwayo kungaba kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho ngo-July 27 kuthula Kwahlelwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isivumelwano sokubeka ngakolunye uhlangothi izinduna wasayina DPRK neChina, ngakolunye - United States ngaphansi kwefulegi UN. Kulokhu, United States namanje uphucwe khona wezempi e-South Korea.

emithonjeni ehlukene ukubika izibalo ezihluke phezu ukulahlekelwa nabantu ababambe ichaza, okwaholela ukushayisana phakathi iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea, kodwa singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kulahlekelwa babe abalulekile. Futhi, eziningi umonakalo kuwo womabili la mazwe, njengoba owayelwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-enhlonhlweni osekwenziwe. Nempi YaseKorea empeleni i ebalulekile ingxenye olwaqala ngo phakathi XX leminyaka iMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe engxenyeni kwekhulu XX yesibili

Ngemva kwempi, ingxabano enhlonhlweni ye iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea wayiswa isimo eqandisiwe. Amazwe anobuhlobo uqhubeke niphathane ngokuqapha futhi bangathenjwa, futhi kuphela ngokumelene isizinda wokusungula oxhumana nabo phakathi United States futhi China ziye sesingconywana, nokuhlobana North-South.

Ngo-1972, isitatimende ehlanganyelwe esasayinwa emazweni, owawuthi bona baye bahileleka union sisekelwe eenkambisweni inkhulumomphendvulwano enokuthula, ukuzimela, ngaphandle ukuthembela amabutho angaphandle. Kodwa, bambalwa abantu ukukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka yokuhlangana egcwele uthi zibe munye, ngoba imbangela izingxabano iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea ngokwengxenye, kwakungenxa itholakala ukungavumelani nemibuso yezombangazwe futhi izimiso nokubusa. Ngakho, leli DPRK okuphakanyiswe inketho yokudala ukuhlanganyela ngaphansi formula "kwelinye izwe, isizwe esisodwa -. Ohulumeni ababili kanye izinhlelo ezimbili"

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo 1990 imizamo emisha rapprochement Kuye kwenziwa. Kule ndaba, la mazwe ebizwa uchungechunge izivumelwano ezintsha, efaka Isivumelwano Lokubuyisana, umhla ziyi, Non-ubudlova nokubambisana mutual, kanye Sobumbano Denuclearization yeNhlonhlo-Korean. Nokho, ngemva imizamo ukuthula leli DPRK ngokuvamile ngempela ukuthola izinhloso ukuthola izikhali zenuzi, akusiyo nje indaba ekhathaza kakhulu ngamazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-United States.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ezikhathini zanamuhla

Ngo-June 2000, esiqongweni lokuqala inter-Korean, lapho ezilandelayo zithathwe maqondana Kuhlangana. Ngokusho imiphumela yayo ngoJuni 15 Inhloko Republic ngemvume Declaration Joint elihlanganisa iNyakatho neNingizimu, egcwele kule eside ukusebenzisa idokhumenti eziyisisekelo kakhulu nezindaba yokuzihlanganisa ukuthi umphakathi Korean esabalindele cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka. sifinyelele kokuhlanganiswa, "amabutho isizwe Korean uqobo" Lesi simemezelo yamemezela inhloso amaqembu.

Ngo-October 2007, sasiqhutshelwa umhlangano olandelayo inter-Korean ezaholela ekumiseni ukusayinwa amadokhumenti amasha, qhubeka nokuthuthukisa nekambisolawulo ezivezwe Joint Declaration of 2000. Noma kunjalo, le mpi e iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili ahlale oluyingozi libhekene izinkathi Booms futhi slumps.

exacerbation Periodic of ubudlelwano

Izibonelo okubi kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo siyaphuthuma enhlonhlweni ivame ukuhlotshaniswa inhlolakuvumelana komhlaba okuqhubekayo eNorth Korea, njengoba sekuke kwenteka 2006 no-2009. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, lezi zenzo we DPRK okubangelwa imibhikisho waseNingizimu Korea hhayi kuphela - komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba waphikisana nomsebenzi zenuzi, futhi -UN Security Council izinqumo eziningana seyemukeliwe, kudinga izinkulumo kuvuselelwe phezu denuclearization kule nhlonhlo.

Lo ukungqubuzana in iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea bengithulula ngokuphindaphindiwe ku izibhelu ahlomile, okuyinto Yiqiniso, ukubeka sisonqenqemeni kokuwa amazwe lobuzalwane inqubo convergence. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-March 25, 2010 eduze komngcele North-Korean oLwandle Yellow yasha futhi ucwila wempi South Korean, okuyinto sabulala 46 amatilosi. South Korea osolwa eNyakatho Korea ngo-ukubhujiswa umkhumbi, kodwa North waphika amacala akhe. Ngo-November walowo nyaka kwakukhona isigameko ezinkulu ahlomile umugqa ukutjheja imikhawulo, lapho amaqembu benana amabhomu mutual. Zazingekho abalimala, kuhlanganise kwabashonile kubalwa.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, North Korea ayizwani yokubakhona US engxenyeni eseningizimu yale nhlonhlo. US nase-South Korea, okuyinto ngabangani ongumakad 'ebona, ngezikhathi ukuqhuba umzimba ezempi ekuphenduleni kwalokho, North ngokuphindiwe wenza izitatimende elikhulu, esongela ukusebenzisa amandla futhi ukubeka ukuhlaselwa missile ku US elisekela ezempi itholakala eningizimu, inhlonhlo ye-futhi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, kanye ezwekazini US.

ezingokoqobo lanamuhla

Ngo-August 2015, kanye ukuwohloka futhi ukungqubuzana iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea. Kafushane, i shot wezikhali waxoshwa ensimini yase-North Korea. Inhloso yalokhu kuhlasela, ngokombiko ovela Pyongyang, babe izikhulumi okuyothi ngalo eNingizimu olwenziwa inkulumo-ze emelene North. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, e Seoul iboshelwe lezi zenzo ukuze ezimbili amasosha Republic of Korea wayesanda yasha ngumuntu okwami, kusolakala ukuthi otshalwe ngasemanzini saboteurs North-Korean. Ngemva amaqembu benana ukumangalela umuntu mutual, uhulumeni DPRK ezisengozini isinyathelo sezempi uma engakapheli amahora angu-48 ukuthi iziphathimandla South Korean akazange basanguluke ungemi anti-North inkulumo-ze-Korean.

Abezindaba ngale ndaba ibilokhu eziningi-buzz, abahlaziyi nososayensi zezombusazwe uzwakalise amaningi ezizathwini mayelana ematfuba kokuqala nesimo esisha inter-Korean, kodwa ekugcineni amaqembu bakwazi ukuxoxisana nokuxazulula konke ngokuthula. Umbuzo uwukuthi: kufanele balinde isikhathi esingakanani? Futhi siyoba yini umthombo esilandelayo ukungqubuzana phakathi iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea, kanye nemiphumela lomunye yokukhuphuka?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi namuhla singaba babikezela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano of iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea. Ingabe abantu bakula mazwe ukuxazulula lokhu ngomqondo, ukungqubuzana yangaphakathi, ingasaphathwa amathemba ubunye lamazwe kwisimo esisodwa? Abangaphezu kwesigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu kudlule Nempi YaseKorea, abantu-Korean ahlukaniselwe izizwe ezimbili ezihlukene, ngasinye sazo bakheké ngokuphelele futhi manje uhlamvu yayo siqu yokucabanga. Ngisho noma bekwazi sithethelelane zonke ukuthukwa Basaba ngeke kube lula ukuthola ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo. Noma kunjalo, sifisa bonke okufanayo - ukuthula nokuqonda.