Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo uDonga LwaseBerlin: kungani kwenzeka

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo uDonga LwaseBerlin sasifanekisela hhayi kuphela division isizwe samaJalimane - i senzakalo saphawula materialization we "yensimbi kwesihenqo" kuleli zwekazi futhi emhlabeni wonke. Wall baba umngcele sigqamile phakathi ephikisayo izinhlelo zezwe ezimbili: okuthunyelwe lempi, nocingo oluhlabayo, ticongotekulindza nezinye izimfanelo olufanele iMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall: uphawu division global

Isisekelo ekwakhiweni yayo sabekwa phezu wokugcina esigabeni kweMpi Yezwe II. Iqiniso nje ukuthi amabutho azihlanganisa - eSoviet Union kulolu hlangothi, futhi i-United States ne Britain - omunye waya eJalimane ngesikhathi esifanayo, uye wazigcobela ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall esikhathini esizayo. Germany emva ukusayinwa sokunikela yabekwa ngokuhlukana ku okuthiwa esishintshashintshayo bomsebenzi, kakade ngokweqashiso, phakathi umbimbi imakwe France. Eqinisweni, idolobha lase-Berlin sanqunywa izingxenye ezintathu. Phela, naphezu umbimbi, eyakhelwe ukuphikiswa ukuba wamaNazi (owawungumnyaka akunakwenzeka ukuba bahlale ndawonye), ubudlelwane ubuholi Soviet sika nge amazwe aseNtshonalanga nawo neze kamnandi. Lezi ukuphikisana ngandlela-thile kwadingeka ukubhukuda ngemva kokunqoba jikelele. Ukungathembani Mutual nesenzakalo kanyekanye eJalimane kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi Izwe lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye ezine, ngasinye abanqobi ngendlela yabo ukulawula inqubo yokutakula post-yimpi futhi denazification. Futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye akuyona eside ukufika. Kakade ngoMashi 1946, uWinston Churchill obala ngesimo enkulumweni yakhe edume e Fulton. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo uDonga LwaseBerlin njengoba kwakunjalo

imibono ehlukeneko umbimbi yamuva sendlela kabusha okuthunyelwe kwempi, iJalimane, kunqunywa umehluko ezinkulu izinqubo e empumalanga nasentshonalanga yezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezonini yaseSoviet yokuthuthela kakhulu ngokuyinhloko iphathwa denazification inqubo, ie ukuhlonza kanye nokususwa esikhundleni (noma enkantolo elikhiphe uma kunesidingo) abantu namabala ngokwabo iqhaza ubugebengu umbuso kaHitler. E-West, nayizisebenzi izisebenzi ziqu, ngakho ex-izaphula-mthetho zivame buthule uqhubeke ukubambisana neziphathimandla, "repainted" izikhundla siqu. Yiqiniso, umehluko babe futhi kulezo zimo uhlelo zezombangazwe nezomnotho owakha Socialists capitalists. Bobabili izinhlelo bazama ukuphoqelela ku izindawo zabo elawulwa upopayi uhulumeni. Akumangalisi ukuthi maduze wavuthwa izimangalo okuhambisanayo futhi imibuzo eyayiholele ngokulandelana Berlin crisis ezimbili-1948 no-1961. Ngenxa yalokho kokuntengantenga lokuqala lamiswa ezimbili uthi Okusizayo ezimele: East neNtshonalanga Jalimane. Ngenxa yalokho Second crisis Berlin ngokuphelele waqaphela ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall.

1961 kwaphawula ultimatum ngowokuqala Khrushchev ukuba iziphathimandla US, owawuthi oda kufanele ngokushesha ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo kusukela West Berlin. Iseluleko sekuyisikhathi eside kwenziwa, kusale Nokho, friendly uhulumeni sezenhlalo. Nokho, ukuhoxiswa US amabutho kwakusho ukuthi yonke Berlin kungaba endaweni sase-GDR. Uchungechunge izingxoxo akuphumelelanga, kanye neqiniso lokuthi amaJalimane bakamalalahlengezela bafudukela kusukela ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi kwedolobha entshonalanga, okubangelwa ubuholi baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma iphakamisa umbuzo we zokufaka ongokoqobo. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo uDonga LwaseBerlin ngo-1961 kwaphawula division yokugcina yezwe, ngokuqinile iboshelwe ukubuyisela ithemba kulokho okuyogcina we impi yomshoshaphansi esivuna komuntu. Futhi ngakho-ke okwenzeka: odongeni waqhubeka kwaze kwaba isikhathi lapho ikamu sezenhlalo wantula kakhulu ngaphansi ukucindezela kontanga yangaphandle futhi aliziphikisi yangaphakathi. Ukubhujiswa kwabantu uDonga LwaseBerlin ngo-November 1989.