Berlin odongeni

UDonga LwaseBerlin isakhiwo ukuzivikela. Yakhiwa ngo-1961 ku-13 Agasti. Ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall kwaba GDR uhulumeni isinyathelo. Kuze kube ngo-1989, le kocingo uhlukanisa edolobheni. West Berlin wahlukana East kanye German Democratic Republic. Ngokusho uhulumeni wakhe ngenxa sisonke kocingo ngenkathi kuzanywa uyihambisa sabulala abantu abangaba 125. Nokho, ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo, inani izisulu zaba engengaphansi kwengu abantu 1245.

UDonga LwaseBerlin isibe olunye lwezimpawu kwenkathi "impi yomshoshaphansi".

Ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kwakubikwa umngcele evulekile phakathi engxenyeni esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga yedolobha. Umugqa kuhlukane wagijima nasendlini ngendlu, nemifula, ezitaladini nemisele. Ngokusemthethweni, kwakukhona 81 okuseshwa emigwaqweni, 13 nasezitimeleni kanye wesitimela phakathi komuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona izindlela ezingekho emthethweni. Babebaningi kwekhulu. Nsuku zonke, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene badinga esuka kubantu 300 kuya kwezingu-500 amazwe sawela umngcele. Njengoba kungekho umngcele ecacile ngokomzimba phakathi ezindaweni ezimbili, kukhona ngokuvamile izingxabano futhi ukuvuza okukhulu ochwepheshe German. AmaJalimane, owayehlala esempumalanga, ayethanda ukufunda eMpumalanga Jalimane (lapho kwaba khulula), futhi ukusebenza endaweni iFederal Republic of Germany.

Ukuvela Berlin Wall lwabangela okubi kakhulu sina isimo sezombangazwe emhlabeni Berlin. Uhulumeni West German bandisa "Hallstein Imfundiso" ngo-1957. It enikeziwe sekhefu ngokushesha ubudlelwano nayo nge kunoma isiphi isimo ukuthi waqaphela GDR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni West German wayebalahlile kohlelo ingxenye zaseMpumalanga Jalimane, ukwakheka a ukuhlanganyela ithi Germany. Kunalokho, i-West Berlin waphikelela ngokuthi ukhetho olube. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngo-1958 iziphathimandla GDR wayememezele izimangalo ebukhosini yonke ingxenye esentshonalanga yezwe, ngesisekelo 'abayitholayo ensimini ka-GDR. "

Imibandela eziya ziba zimbi emhlabeni Berlin isimo esikhathini kusuka 3rd 5th-August 1961 emhlanganweni we Tinhloko Amaphoyisa uMbuso eqhutshwe eMoscow. It Walter Ulbricht (umholi GDR) waphikelela ngokuthi kuvalwe umngcele. Ngemva kokuthola ukusekelwa lamazwe azihlanganisa ngo-August 12 ngokuhambisana nalo ke lwaphakanyiswa yi-Council of Ministers sase-GDR. EMpumalanga amaphoyisa Berlin kuholele ukulungela ephelele. Agasti 13 ihora ebusuku waqala iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi "Wall 2". Abangaba yizinkulungwane 25 amaqembu ahlomile matasa umngcele. Lokho akwenza kwakungqubuzana ezicashe ibutho East German. Futhi ibutho laseSoviet ayethembekile kuyo ikulungele.

Ngu-15 Agasti, ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga ukuthi eklanywe ngokuphelele ngocingo oluhlabayo. Waqala ukwakha uDonga LwaseBerlin. ukwakhiwa kwalo kanye ukulungiswa wawuqala ngo-1962 kuya 1975.

Ngemva uDonga LwaseBerlin Yakhiwa, izakhamuzi GDR abathole imvume ekhethekile ukuvakashela engxenyeni esentshonalanga umuzi. Ngokukhululekile izophela impesheni kuphela. Ukuzama ukubalekela kusukela GDR kuyinto yisigwebo ukuboshwa iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ukuzama ukubhubhisa izakhiwo zokuzivikela Kusolwa ejele esingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ukuze uthole usizo ngomzamo ukubaleka uhulumeni GDR eboshelwe ukuphila.

Ngo 1898, ngaphansi kwethonya eSoviet yokwakha kabusha Hungary wabhubhisa umngcele izinqaba komngcele Austria. Nokho, GDR (umlingani Austrian ku Warsaw Pact atheleka) wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke silandele isibonelo sakhe. Ngokushesha Republic German uhlulekile ukulawula imicimbi ngokushesha okukhulu okwenzekayo. Izinkulungwane zezakhamizi GDR waqala ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu sinombono ukuphuma eJalimane. AmaJalimane eNtshonalanga nge eHungary. Kuvulwa umngcele Hungarian bancishwa bayosibona khona uDonga LwaseBerlin.

Ngo 1898, November 9 ngesikhathi cindezela-inkomfa usihlalo uhulumeni sase-GDR Schabowski wayememezele imithetho emisha ngokuvakashela lizwe. Ngobusuku efanayo, izakhamuzi baphuthuma kocingo.

Ukubhujiswa kwabantu uDonga LwaseBerlin usuyiholidi kazwelonke. Izinkulungwane West Berliners zaphuma ziyohlangabeza izivakashi eMpumalanga.