Scipio uAfricanus umdala: Biography emfushane, izithombe

Ikusasa sezombusazwe Antique kanye nomholi wezempi Scipio uAfricanus wazalwa eRoma ngo-235 BC. e. Yena kwakungekaNkulunkulu Cornelia - bemvelo esihle enethonya Lokudabuka Etruscan. Abaningi okhokho bakhe baba abameleli, kuhlanganise uyise kaPhubhiliyu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Scipio (legatsha le Cornelia) zazinamandla in the kwezepolitiki, bacebile. Esinye isici esibalulekile lo mkhaya ellinizirovannost (ukuchayeka isiko lamaGreki), lapho namanje awuzange egqoke ngezinga elikhulu.

Ukuqala umsebenzi lakhe lempi

Scipio uAfricanus, ogama ebuntwaneni cishe ezingaziwa, waqala awela indaba zaseRoma 218 BC. e. Wakhetha umsebenzi wezempi. It kuchazwa lonke ikusasa lakhe. Kukhethwa wayengekho ngephutha. Ngaso nje eRoma kulo nyaka impi ngomakhelwane wayo oseningizimu iCarthage. Lesi simo waseFenike kwaba esincintisana eyinhloko republic eMedithera. Inhloko-dolobha yaso kwaba enyakatho-Afrika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iCarthage kwadingeka amakoloni abaningi eSicily, eSardinia Corsica naseSpain (Iberia). Kuyinto kulelizwe wathunyelwa uyise Scipio - inxusa Publius. Indodana yabo eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala wahamba naye. ESpain, amaRoma kwadingeka abhekane uHannibal.

Ekupheleni konyaka 218 Scipio uAfricanus owokuqala wathatha ingxenye empini enkulu. Kwaba nempi ye-Ticino. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma walahlekelwa ke ngenxa yokuthi phansi isitha sakhe. Kodwa Scipio uAfricanus at Ticino kuphela eyaduma. Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi uyise uhlaselwe isitha abakhwele amahhashi, iqhawe lawo kungabazalwane abasebasha abangashadile-handedly baphuthuma ukusiza inxusa. Abagibeli Bamahhashi babaleka. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, Korneliy Stsipion uAfricanus ngesibindi sakhe ahlonishwe nge indondo esinedumela ngesimo Wreath oki. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi insizwa abanesibindi ligcizelele ngenqaba, ethi izenzo zenziwa hhayi ukuqashelwa.

mayelana insizwa ukwaziswa okwengeziwe eziphikisa. Njengoba hhayi kusungulwa ngokuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba empini letitako iCarthage naleso sikhathi. Lezi amaphutha zihlobene yokuthi inkathi lasendulo akasilahlile eziningi imithombo, okuchitha ngqo nomunye. Nakuba izazi-mlando ngokuvamile yakhetha ukukhwabanisa ukumlulaza izitha zabo, kanti abanye, kunalokho, overestimated uquketheni abashisekeli yabo. Noma kunjalo, kukhona inguqulo ukuthi 216 BC. e. Scipio uAfricanus kwaba induna enkulu lempi ibutho, ngalwa Battle of Cannae. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, khona-ke kuyinto lucky ngoba ngiyaphila futhi eyayimenza angabanjwa ngoba lapho amaRoma bahlulwa amasosha esikaHannibal.

Scipio ezahlukene uhlamvu oqinile nobungqabavu izimfanelo ubuholi. It is isiqephu eyaziwa nekezwa isifiso ezinye izinduna ukuze isici ngenxa kokunqotshwa Republic, wavele wangena etendeni, futhi abakhi bozungu, esongela nabo ngenkemba, baphoqwa ukuba bafunge ukuthi bayoqhubeka bezithoba eRoma.

umphindiseli Roman

uyise Scipio nomalume kwabulawa omunye Second ZabaseCarthage neMpi. Umndeni wayengumuntu kuphela umzalwane osemdala Lucius (unina washona ebeletha). Ngo 211 BC. e. Publius yamemezela candidacy yakhe isikhundla sokuba curule aedile ukusekela isihlobo ukuba umkhankaso wakhe siqu zezombusazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, bobabili bagcina sebeya akhethwe. Scipio uAfricanus umdala eqala umsebenzi ayo empini, okuyinto kamuva futhi uphawuleka ngokuzimisela impumelelo eziningi.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama amakhetho aediles lempi iqhaza ekuvinjezelweni ngempumelelo Capua. Ngemva ukuthunjwa edolobheni iziphathimandla ezingamaRoma waqala cabanga plan umkhankaso e-Spain. Kuleli zwe kusukela abaseCarthage zazingcono kakhulu amadolobha nezimbobo, okuyinto iwumthombo ukudla nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ukuze bebutho enqobile uHannibal engene. Ukuze anqobe lelisu kuze kube manje akuzange kwenzeke, okwakusho ukuthi amaRoma ayedinga isu entsha.

Kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele uhambo eSpain, owawungumnyaka ukuphuca kuye esikaHannibal rears. Ngenxa ukunqotshwa okungapheli Assembly Abantu, akekho ojenene akazange alinge ukusebenzisa. Akekho ofuna ukuba yiyo Azazeli ngemva kwenye ukuhlulwa. Kungalesi sikhathi esibucayi, Scipio uAfricanus ahlinzekwa ukuhola ibutho. Washona ngosuku olwandulela uyise umalume. Ukuze emkhankasweni wempi ngokumelene iCarthage yaba nengqondo. Wanikeza inkulumo evuthayo mayelana ukuziphindiselela ukunqotshwa eRoma, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wakhethwa nomphathi-sifundazwe. Ukuze engu-24 ubudala insizwa, kwaba yimpumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Manje kwakuyomelwe bathethelele amathemba nezifiso takhamiti.

umkhankaso Spanish

Ngo-210 BC. e. Scipio uAfricanus lo mdala, kanye ibutho 11-eqinile ngemikhumbi Spain. Elapho noMbutho lendawo ibutho propraetor. Manje izinkulungwane 24 abantu zazisezandleni yakhe. Kuqhathaniswa akuxhomekile waseCarthage ngo izintaba zasePyrenees kwaba impi nesizotha. ESpain kwakunamabandla amathathu ibutho waseFenike. Izinduna izelamani Hannibal Mago futhi Hasdrubal, futhi Teska zokugcina Hasdrubal Gisco. Uma okungenani amabili awo acekela lwabuthana, Scipio ke bazobhekana ukunqotshwa okuseduze.

Nokho, lo mlawuli wamabutho owakwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinto zawo ezingcono ezincane. Isu lakhe kwakuhlukile ngokuphelele ukuthi lapho kulandelwa ezazingaphambi kwayo, izisulu ukunqotshwa waseCarthage. Okokuqala, ibutho lamaRoma njengoba lezisekelo zawo esetshenziswa edolobheni enyakatho Iber River, kanye based bamakoloni ngesiGreki. Ngalesi ikakhulukazi waphikelela Afrika Scipio. Mfushane biography owaleli isiqephu esiphelele, ukuzeka kwakhe izixazululo okungavamile. umkhankaso Iberia isanda zimo. Scipio waqaphela ukuthi akunandaba mqondo umhlaba eningizimu, lapho isikhundla isitha sinamandla ikakhulukazi.

Okwesibili, ujenene ongumRoma bacela ukuba usizo kakhulu abantu balapha, unganelisekile nokubusa bamakoloni waseCarthage. Lawa kwakungamadodana Celtiberians nasenyakatho Iberians. The Army of the Republic ukwenza ekhonsathini ne abashokobezi, oyaziyo leyo ndawo kwabe imigwaqo.

Okwesithathu, Scipio banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukunikeza impi jikelele ngokushesha, kodwa kancane kancane ukugqoka phansi isitha. Kuze kube yimanje, lapho yakhetha kuhlasela iyadlula. Sekube ezine. Ngesikhathi ibutho elinamandla njalo yanqotshwa abaseCarthage, amaRoma ebuya ukuze base yabo, lapho amandla ekubuyiseleni futhi futhi bangena ekulweni. Umlawuli wazama ukuba bamuke ikude izikhundla zabo ukuba bangakhuleki kuwo unqunywe ezingemuva. Uma ufaka yonke lezi zimiso yesu, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde indlela abadumile Scipio uAfricanus lo mdala. Wayekwazi ukuthatha ikhambi best, futhi njalo nge ngendlela engcono kakhulu izinzuzo nobuthakathaka babo abaphikisi.

Ukunqoba Iberia

Impumelelo lokuqala olukhulu Scipio eSpain kwaba ukuthunjwa okusha iCarthage - itheku elikhulu, okuyinto eye yaba kuwumgogodla ingcindezelo zesifunda bamakoloni Afrika. Ngo ezincwadini zasendulo umlando kokunqotshwa muzi wenziwe eyayihambisana ngesakhiwo, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi "isandla esivulekile Scipio uAfricanus."

Omunye umkhuzi kwaholela abathunjwa 300 umndeni Iberia zasebukhosini. Futhi, amasosha amaRoma wanika Scipio isipho isiboshwa abasha, inikeza yinhle kakhulu ngendlela engavamile. Kusukela umlawuli wakhe ngafunda ukuthi intombazane kufika umakoti omunye abathunjwa. Khona-ke umholi we Roma ngaphambilini ukunikeza nomkhwenyana wakhe. Isiboshwa wabonga Scipio esaholela siqu ezinkulu impi abakhwele amahhashi lamabutho ayo futhi kusukela wakhonza njengephayona wezwe kweqiniso. Le ndaba baziwa kakhulu sibonga abaculi Yenguquko futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla. amakhosi European Abaningi (Nikola Pussen, Niccolò dell'Abbate nokunye. D.) kuboniswe ezithombeni zabo salendzaba lasendulo.

Ukunqoba juqu Spain Scipio wayinqoba impi ka ILIP e 206 BC. e. Umkhuzi oyinhloko Hasdrubal Gisco esegijimela ekhaya. Ngemva kokunqotshwa iCarthage anquma ukuba sisuke kuleli nempahla Yase-Iberia. ESpain, amandla Roman yasungulwa ngokuqondile.

Amazing

Ekupheleni 206 BC. e. Rome ngokunqoba wabuyela Scipio uAfricanus lo mdala. Publius Cornelius wakhuluma phambi Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye wazisile insindiso yakhe - wakwazi ukushaya ezine ibutho isitha saxosha abaseCarthage eSpain. Phakathi ukungabi khona umlawuli enhloko-dolobha e amandla Lifanele eziningi izitha nomona ongathandanga lwezepolitiki owaleli ukusuka. Lokhu kuphikiswa lokuqala eholwa Quintus Fulvius Flaccus. Umkhandlu Wezigele wenqaba Scipio ku isiko esisemthethweni lokuhalalisa. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele wamasosha ukuba abe iqhawe kazwelonke. Roma Simple wabingelela ngogqozi winner.

Nokho, impi nge iCarthage ayikapheli namanje. Nakuba puniyskaya amandla Spain esikhathini esidlule, izitha waseRoma namanje elawulwa eNyakatho Afrika nase-kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika iMedithera. Scipio waqhubeka Sicily. Uma izwe wakwazi ukunqoba lesi siqhingi, bekuyoba isizinda esihle kakhulu okuhlaselayo okwengeziwe eNyakatho Afrika. Ngemva kokufika eSicily, enempi umkhuzi encane wakwazi acele ukwesekwa kwemiphakathi (bamakoloni ikakhulu ngesiGreki), uyasithembisa ukubuyela yonke impahla elahlekile phakathi nempi eqhubekayo.

umkhankaso Afrika

Ehlobo lika-204 BC. e. Scipio, kanye ibutho usayizi abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-35 ezisele ogwini Sicilia waya Afrika. kwadingeka Kukhona ukuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuthi kukhona amandla ukhiye weRiphabhulikhi Roman eMedithera yasendulo. Kuyinto ngempumelelo ye umlawuli e-Afrika futhi lenziwa laziwe njengoba Scipio uAfricanus. Photo of busts yakhe kanye eziqoshiwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene yombuso wamaRoma ukukhombisa ukuthi wayengumuntu ngempela bakubo a oyinganekwane.

Umzamo wokuqala ukuthatha Utica (idolobha elikhulu kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga waseCarthage) baba yize. Scipio nebutho lakhe ebusika ngqo begudla ugu lwasempumalanga Afrika, hhayi oluphethe okungenani ezinye isiphetho esibalulekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, abaseCarthage wathumela nomholi wezempi Hannibal incwadi akhe avelele kakhulu, okuyinto yafuna akabuyele osuka eYurophu uye ezweni lenkaba yabo futhi ukuvikela izwe lawo. Ukuze ngandlela-thile yokwelula Punicians isikhathi waqala ukuqhuba nge Scipio izingxoxo zokuthula, Nokho, okuyinto, baba yize.

Lapho Hannibal efika e-Afrika, futhi wahlela umhlangano ne ujenene ongumRoma. Kulandele umusho elandelayo - abaseCarthage ushiye Corsica, eSardinia yeSisili Spain esenana isivumelwano sokuthula. Nokho, Publius Cornelius benqaba ukwamukela izimo ezinjalo. Wathi izwe isivele ngempumelelo ilawula lonke izwe. Scipio, yena wasikisela inguqulo obuqinile yesivumelwano. Hannibal wenqaba. Kwacaca ukuthi igazi is ngenakugwemeka. Isiphetho Hannibal futhi Scipio uAfricanus kwakufanele inqunywa ukuphikiswa yangaphakathi.

Battle of uZama

Impi ewumnqamula-juqu ye uZama kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 19 202 BC. e. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Republic lamaRoma futhi esenziwe Numidians - abakhileyo zomdabu kwelivekati le-Afrika. usizo wabo uye wabasiza kakhulu le Latins. Okwenzeka empeleni ukuthi amaRoma isikhathi eside wadida njengoba ukudambisa isikhali esiyingozi kakhulu Hannibal - izindlovu. Lezi zilwane omkhulu kuyabethusa abantu baseYurophu abangakaze kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso nalezi zilo. Indlovu wahlala abacibisheli nabagibeli ukudubula izitha zabo. Lokhu "ihhashi" kakade iye yabonisa ukusebenza yayo ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa Italy esikaHannibal. Wachitha izindlovu ngokusebenzisa Alps okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwedlula amaRoma kwaholela ukudideka nakakhulu.

Numidians Wayazi kahle kamhlophe imikhuba izindlovu. Babazi ukuthi iwukudambisa kubo. Ukuthi lezi zilwane futhi Afrika ukwenza, ekugcineni ukunikela isu engcono kwabaseRoma (ngezansi). Ngokuphathelene isilinganiso zezinombolo, i-aspect ratio kwaba cishe okufanayo. Scipio uAfricanus, Biography iDemo eye lalinabashumayeli imikhankaso eziningi, alethwe Afrika kahle obumbene nebutho anokuhambisana, okuyinto ngokuphelele lucwaningo oda komholi walo eside. Ibutho lamaRoma lalinabashumayeli ayizinkulungwane 33 elihamba futhi 8000 abakhwele amahhashi, kuyilapho kusukela abaseCarthage kwadingeka 34.000 elihamba kanye 3000th nalawo agibela amahhashi.

Ukunqoba phezu Hannibal

Indlovu kuhlasela Publiya Korneliya wahlangana ibutho ihlelwe. Infantry wakhala phambi izilwane. Labo ngesivinini uqubuke ngamaphasiji abafundile, ngaphandle ukushaya umuntu. Ngemuva kwabo walinda abacibisheli abaningi abangabokuqala obukhulu umlilo izilwane shelled. A indima juqu kukhala ngu abakhwele amahhashi wamaRoma. Waqale wanqoba amabutho akhwele amahhashi waseCarthage, bese hit ezingemuva njengesosha elihamba phansi. Imigqa abaseCarthage ephukile futhi bagijima. Bazama ayeke uHannibal. Nokho, Scipio uAfricanus, usezuze ukuthi ufunani. Wayengumuntu onqobile. ibutho waseCarthage elahlekile 20,000 abulawe, Roman - 5000.

Hannibal baba inyumbazane yabaleka empumalanga. ICarthage wavuma ukunqotshwa. ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma Republic kwadingeka konke enakho European futhi insular. Sovereignty of uthi Afrika iye kwaluqeda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzimela yazuza Numibiya, baba sizana ezithembekile eRoma. Ukunqoba Scipio waqinisekisa isikhundla esivelele republic eMedithera. A ngemva kokufa kwakhe emashumini eminyaka ambalwa waphula Okwesithathu ZabaseCarthage neMpi, ngemva kwalokho iCarthage labhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi yehlise ezincithakalweni.

Impi nge amaSeleucid

Ngakusasa iminyaka abayishumi zokuthula umkhuzi webutho. Uye bacabangisise umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe lapho akakaze kwadingeka isikhathi ngenxa imikhankaso njalo futhi lokuyoshumayela. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini Scipio uAfricanus lo mdala, kwanele ukuba uhlu izikhundla ezivamile iziqu. Waba inxusa, umlisa owayebheka izincwadi, iSigele pritsepsom futhi inxusa. Figure Scipio kwaba izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kwezombangazwe ongumRoma isikhathi sakhe. Kodwa babeyizitha zakhe lapho sibhekene ukuphikiswa ahlukile.

Ngo 191 BC. e. jikelele futhi aya empini. Lesi sikhathi waya empumalanga lapho impi aphumelela eseRoma uMbuso yozalo lukaSeleucus. Impi ewumnqamula-juqu esenzeka nobusika 190 - 189 edlule. BC. e. (Ngenxa imithombo ukuguquguquka ngqo usuku olungaziwa). Ngokusho imiphumela inkosi yaseSiriya u-Antiochus impi ukhokhele omkhulu lokumiswa izwe amathalenta ayizinkulungwane 15, wamnika ezweni lanamuhla entshonalanga neTurkey.

Isivivinyo kanye nokufa

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya Scipio wayebhekene inkinga engathí sina. izitha zakhe e iSigele ngokumelene naye waqala icala. Umkhuzi (kanye nomfowabo Lucius) wamangalelwa okungekuhle zezimali, imali nokunye. Ikhomishana D. State useqokwe, okwakwenza Scipio uhlawule ezinkulu.

Kwabe sekulandela inkathi emzabalazweni imfihlo nalaba baphikisi Publiya Korneliya e iSigele. omelene yakhe eyinhloko baba Cato, ababefuna ehhovisi censorial futhi wadinga ukuchitha abasekeli iqembu we Umkhuzi abadumile. Ngenxa yalokho, Scipio elahlekile konke okuthunyelwe yakhe. Yena waya ekudingisweni abazimisele ukuba ifa lakhe e Campania. Kube Publius Cornelius uchithe unyaka wonke bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe. Washona ngo-183 BC. e. eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-52. Kwaziqondanela nje ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo wabulawa nenduna ophikisana naye lempi uHannibal naye wahlala abathunjwe empumalanga. Scipio kwaba enye yamadoda emangalisayo isikhathi sakhe esiningi. Yena wakwazi ukunqoba iCarthage namaPheresiya, kanye wenze umsebenzi ezivelele kwezombangazwe.