Berlin Inkinga 1948 - ngxabano kuqala phakathi labo ababengobhululu

Ngo-June 24, 1948 ababekade inhlokodolobha eJalimane sihlangabezane ukuvinjelwa. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa cishe ngonyaka. Umuzi babengenakho ukudla okwanele, nophethiloli futhi bonke labo izinto zasekhaya, ngaphandle okuyinto ukuphila komuntu kunzima kakhulu.

Impi yaphela eminyakeni emithathu edlule, isidingo isibe isimo ajwayelekile ngisho nengxenye yayo yesibili, kodwa lokho kwenzeka ukuze usinde Berliners, wayengekho ingcono kakhulu ababhekana nalo phakathi wokugoqa ka-Third Reich. Izwe lihlukaniswe esishintshashintshayo elawulwa ngamasosha umsebenzi abaphathi be-USSR, USA, UK neFrance, kuyilapho kulowo nalowo mkhakha linezinkinga zalo siqu, futhi ube imithetho yabo.

umbimbi Owabe sekungaphezu empi. Isizathu ukuthi kamuva wathola igama "Berlin crisis" kwaba isifiso mutual umfelandawonye Western neSoviet Union ukunweba sphere yayo ithonya. Lezi izinhloso awazange ukufihla, ngazo bakhuluma ngokukhululekile futhi Truman, Churchill kanye uStalin. I West esatshwe ukusabalala ubukhomanisi kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi iSoviet Union engafuni ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi maphakathi emkhakheni ahlinzekwe ngayo ngaphansi kwemigomo ye Yalta futhi Potsdam izingqungquthela, kuyinto esiqhingini capitalism.

Berlin Inkinga 1948 waba ngowokuqala ezinkulu post-yimpi Ukungqubuzana umbuso uStalin nge amazwe emakethe umnotho, ikakhulukazi e-United States, cishe kwakukhula kuze kube lwesigaba lempi. Ngamunye amaqembu wafuna ukubonisa amandla abo, futhi engafuni ukuba bayekethise.

Berlin crisis saqala recriminations sasivumela isimiso. usizo Economic icebo emazweni abathintekayo eMpini Yezwe II, aziwa ngegama umqalisi yayo George Marshall, bese UNobhala woMbuso, uphakamise eziningi izinyathelo kwezomnotho, kuhlanganisa ukuqaliswa brand new on ensimini elalihlala Western oMfelandawonye. Ngakho "engongi" ukuziphatha bamcasula Stalin, ukuqashwa kukaNksz William Clayton, owaziwa ngokuba imibono yakhe anti-lamakhomanisi, njengenhloko US umsebenzi nokuphatha, kuphela wanezela uphalafini emlilweni. Inombolo yezenzo eyinxele ongagunci nhlangothi zombili kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wezokuxhumana West Berlin kanye nemikhakha kulawulwa Western oMfelandawonye wavinjwa amasosha aseSoviet.

Berlin crisis kubonakala kuwukuphikisana ezingahlangani phakathi umbimbi wangaphambili. Nokho, isizathu kwaba iphutha kukaStalin amasu ekuhloleni amandla ezitha zayo ezingaba khona. Yayikwazi ngesikhathi esifushane ukusungula i ngendiza ekunike emzini ovinjezelwe nazo zonke ezidingekayo, kuze amalahle. Ekuqaleni, ngisho umyalo US Air Force ukuba aphathe lesi ibhizinisi obusolisayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba akekho kubona owayazi kuyini Stalin uma kwengxabano ngxabano, wayengakwazi anikeze oda ukudubula phasi izimoto "Douglas".

Kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga. Ufaka phezu airfields West German webhomu B-29 kwakwakhe saba nethonya esangulukisayo, nakuba amabhomu kwakungafanele kubo, kodwa, futhi, kwaba imfihlo enkulu.

Berlin crisis zibonwe ngaphambili, esikhathini esingaphansi pilot ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi English British, wenza nokuhlasela izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili, ekuletheni abayizigidi ezingu-4,7 amakhilogremu aid. Emehlweni abakhileyo emzini ovinjezelwe, baba amaqhawe kanye abasindisi. Uzwela umhlaba wonke kwakungafanele ohlangothini Stalin, ngubani, eqiniseka yokwehluleka okuvinjezelwa, ngaphambilini wakhe ukuba akhumule phakathi May 1949.

Berlin esibucayi kwaholela ubunye zonke izingxenye umsebenzi Western oMfelandawonye nokwakhiwa ezindaweni zakhona Germany.

West Berlin wahlala eliqaphile capitalism kanye "Umbukiso" walo lonke neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Safika ahlukaniswe ababevela endaweni esempumalanga odongeni lomuzi, lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane nantathu. Akhiwe enhliziyweni sase-GDR, kudala eziningi izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ezifana crisis eBerlin ngo-1961, wathweswa iziqu ukunqotshwa amasu ka-USSR.