Ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseSoviet Afghanistan zenzeka njengoba abawinile noma losers?

Nesihlanu Februwari 1989 - usuku olusemthethweni sokuhoxisa amasosha aseSoviet kusukela e-Afghanistan. At 10:00 ekuseni, leli sosha zokugcina, uLieutenant General 40 Army B. V Gromov, ushiye ensimini ka Afghanistan emngceleni, wedlula ibhuloho emfuleni Amu Darya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwathatha iminyaka 24, kodwa izindaba zempi angakafakwa angasulwa inkumbulo ababambiqhaza, kuzo asikhumbuza ezincwadini, emabhayisikobho. Wonke umuntu ukhumbula ifilimu ukuthusa "Rota 9", echaza izenzakalo empini. Kwesinye isiqephu, umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ayenze ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, leli sosha Yathi: "Phuza, khona-ke elinye isiphuzo, uphuze uze ukhohlwe zonke okwakwenzeka ukuthi bakhuthazela." Yini wadabula amasosha aseSoviet khona, ezintabeni Afghanistan, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, lokho?

I isikhathi eside empini engu-10

ukuhoxiswa Soviet Afghanistan kwaphawula ukuphela kwempi, siye, eqinisweni, abazi cishe lutho. Uma siqhathanisa ngayo wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi, ulwazi "Kuzonyuka entabeni" elibala ku akuphelele 10 iminyaka, uye walondolozwa kuphela inkumbulo ababambiqhaza. impi Covert iqale ngo-25 Disemba 1979, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuthunyelwa amabutho yabonisa eU.SSR enkundleni ngamazwe njengoba umhlaseli.

Ikakhulukazi, emazweni angaphansi kwe-Group of Seven ayikwazanga ukuqonda isinqumo zase-USSR, futhi US kuphela teshilis lokhu njengoba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi uthi ezimbili esiqine lwenziwe isikhathi eside. Ngo-December 29, iphephandaba "Pravda" ukuphathwa uhulumeni Afghan iye yanyatheliswa on usizo ngaphandle yokuxazulula izingxabano zangaphakathi. ESoviet Union iye yasiza, kodwa cishe ngokushesha waqaphela "iphutha Afghan" futhi emuva endleleni kwakunzima. Ukuze afeze ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseSoviet kusukela e-Afghanistan, uhulumeni wathatha cishe iminyaka engu-10, kwadingeka umhlatshelo izimpilo izinkulungwane 14 amasosha, 53.000 nokulimala baphathe ukuphila 1 million Afghan. Ukuze amasosha aseSoviet kwakunzima niqhube impi yabashokobezi yokufuna ezintabeni, kuyilapho mujahideen wabazi ngaphandle.

ukuhoxiswa Soviet kusukela e-Afghanistan ngenye izimpikiswano ezinkulu owaphakanyiswa okokuqala Februwari 7, 1980. Kodwa uhulumeni ke wazizwa isidingo uyephuza amasosha, njengoba isimo e-Afghanistan, ngokombono wabo, kungukuthi uhlaliseke. kwakudingekile ukuba 1.5 inkululeko ephelele izwe - iminyaka 2. Ngokushesha L. I. uBrezhnev lunqunywe ukuhoxiswa amasosha, kodwa akazange ayisekele nendlela isinyathelo Yu. V. Andropov, DF Ustinov. Okwesikhathi esithile, ikhambi lenkinga ime, futhi amasosha aqhubeka besalwa futhi bafele ezintabeni, akucaci kabani izithakazelo. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1985 M. S. Gorbachev saqala udaba ka lixuku ukuhoxiswa luphasiswe, owawuthi, ingakapheli iminyaka emibili, i-amabutho aseSoviet Kwakumelwe ushiye insimu ka-Afghanistan. Kwaba ngemva kokusebenzisa iphepha UN wangena ibhizinisi. Pakistan kanye Afghanistan basayine isivumelwano sokuthula, le agxambukele United States kungavunyelwe ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe yezwe, ngokuthi iSoviet Union kwaba ukuzivocavoca ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseSoviet kusukela e-Afghanistan.

amasosha aseSoviet babuya ukunqoba noma ukunqotshwa?

Abaningi bayazibuza ngalokho kuwumphumela yaphela impi? Ingabe sicabanga eSoviet amasosha abawinile? Impendulo elula akukho, kodwa eSoviet Union akayibekanga ngokwabo umsebenzi ukuze anqobe Afghanistan, wayengumuntu ukusiza Uhulumeni e kuqiniswa yangaphakathi. EU.SSR kungenzeka ulahlekelwe lokhu impi yena, abayizinkulungwane 14 nemindeni yabo. Owabuza ukuthumela amasosha ukuba izwe, ukuthi ayelinde khona? Umlando uyazi akukho ukubulalana budedengu okwengeziwe, uye wahlupheka yimihlatshelo enjalo. Ukuhoxiswa amabutho Afghanistan ngo-1989 kwaba isinqumo ezihlakaniphile kakhulu ngokuhamba le mpi, kodwa inzika edabukisayo uzohlala phakade ezinhliziyweni amalungu emzimbeni nasengqondweni abalimala nemindeni yabo.