EU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe nomgomo wezangaphandle, ikhono ukuvikela izinto, isimo ngamazwe, ukunwetshwa kwemingcele umnotho

Omunye izihloko ezinkulu kwezesayensi zomlando yasekhaya futhi izwe kuyinto ukuhlola sasinjani isimo eU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kafushane lolu daba kufanele kubhekwe ezicini eziningana: zezombusazwe, iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, kucatshangelwa isimo esinzima ngamazwe lapho izwe wazithola phambi ubudlova eJalimane kaHitler.

Isiqondiso European kwenqubomgomo uhulumeni wamaSoviet

Ngesikhathi impahla kuleli zwekazi sekube ezimbili isibhadalala ubudlova. Kule ndaba, isikhundla eU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ezazisongela kakhulu. Kwakudingekile ukuba athathe izinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imingcele yayo esuka esingase sihlasele. Isimo kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso ukuthi umbimbi European zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa - France, Britain - avunyelwe ekuthatheni lo Sudetenland yeCzechoslovakia iJalimane, futhi kamuva, empeleni, yasiphendula abakuboni umsebenzi kulo lonke leli zwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ubuholi Soviet unikezele isixazululo wakhe lenkinga ekunqanyulweni sonya German: uhlelo ukwakha uchungechunge imifelandawonye ukuthi kwakufanele hlanganani wonke amazwe ekulweni nesitha esisha.

EU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II, ngenxa eziya ziba zimbi izinsongo kwezempi, ngemvume uchungechunge izivumelwano ku usizo mutual nezenzo ezikanye emazweni yaseYurophu naseMpumalanga. Nokho, lezi zivumelwano manje ayanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho ziye zithathwe izinyathelo ezimbi nakakhulu, okuyilezi: isiphakamiso ukubhekana France kanye UK ukudala umfelandawonye ngokumelene eJalimane lobuNazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezweni lethu inzuzo Amanxusa kula mazwe ngoba izingxoxo. Yenzeka eminyakeni ethi ayibe 2 ngaphambi ukuhlaselwa amaNazi ngezwe lethu.

Ubudlelwano nge Germany

EU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela IMpi Yezwe II esimweni esinzima kakhulu: umbimbi ezingaba abangethembi ngokugcwele uhulumeni uStalin, okuyinto yena, Sasingekho isizathu ukuya kubo ukuba athambise isandla emva Munich sivumelwano, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo ajeziswe division of eCzechoslovakia. nokungaqondi Mutual kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaqembu ababebuthene zehlulekile ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni. ukuqondanisa okunjalo amabutho uye wasebenzisa uhulumeni ukuba unikele Hitler ohlangothini Soviet ukuphetha isivumelwano okungezona ubudlova, esasayinwa ngo-August wangonyaka efanayo. Ngemva kwalokho, le amathimba French kanye British kwesokunxele eMoscow. Ukuze iSivumelwano kuyi-Non-Ulaka ukuthi abaseBrithani basithatha uphrothokholi imfihlo oluhlinzekela kabusha division of Europe phakathi kweJalimane ne-Soviet Union. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, emazweni aseBaltic, Poland, eBessarabia njengenkondlo ebonisa indawo isithakazelo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

AbaseSoviet-Finnish iMpi

Ngemva kokusayina isivumelwano eSoviet Union wahamba wayokulwa Finland, eyathatha lonke izinyanga 5 futhi lukhombisa tinkinga letinkhulu lwezobuchwepheshe izikhali kanye namasu. Umgomo kubaholi uStalin kwakufanele ibenze emuva imingcele esentshonalanga ye-izwe km 100. LaseFinland lacelwa ukuba ukunikezela le Karelian Isthmus, ayifake Areda eSoviet Union Hanko inhlonhlo ukuze kwakhiwe isisekelo asolwandle. In ukubuya, insimu esenyakatho yezwe inikeza in Soviet Karelia. Iziphathimandla Finnish yasenqaba lesi ugwayi katiki, khona-ke amabutho aseSoviet aqala ukulwa. Nge kwakubucayi, iRed Army wakwazi yokuyizungeleza Mannerheim Line futhi uthathe Vyborg. Nakuba Finland ukwenze ezivuna, enikeza isitha akugcini nje wabhekisela kulesi siqephu sezwe kanye nhlonhlo, kodwa endaweni enyakatho kubo. a okunjalo inqubomgomo angaphandle yase-USSR ngosuku olwandulela IMpi Yezwe II yaletha ukusolwa kwamazwe omhlaba, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi washiywa ngaphandle ngesikhathi ubulungu iNhlangano Yezizwe.

isimo ezombusazwe nezamasiko kuleli zwe

Esinye isici esibalulekile inqubomgomo yangaphakathi kubaholi Soviet ukuthi beqinisa ayitholwa we yamaKhomanisi nokulawula yayo ngokuphelele futhi Imininingwane uqapha zonke izici zokuphila emphakathini. Kuze kube yimanje, isisekelo sombuso esitsha, owamisa izwe zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni enqobile, ngamanye amazwi, lokho kwakusho ukuba ukuqedwa sokugcina nebuniyo bangasese kanye amakilasi ukusizakala kwavunyelwana ngoDisemba 1936. Lo mcimbi kwandulelwe ukunqoba kukaStalin ngo kwempi yangaphakathi yangaphandle, eyathatha lonke nesigamu we-yalolucwaningo 30 XX nekhulu lesibili leminyaka.

Empeleni, kwaba eSoviet Union esikhathini kokubuyekezwa kwakukhona isimiso sezombangazwe wobushiqela. ubuntu Umholi lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa sika ingenye izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Iqembu lamaKhomanisi isungule eliphelele lokulawula zonke izici zomphakathi. Kuyinto lokhu yinye eqinile nakho ngeke kusize avunyelwe angabacwasi ngokushesha wokunxusa bonke abantu izinsiza yezwe ukuba akwazi ukuxosha isitha. Zonke imizamo kubaholi Soviet ngesikhathi zakhiwa ukulungiselela abantu ukuba balwe. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhulu sakhokhwa lezempi kanye nemidlalo.

Nokho, amehlo eside sakhokhwa isiko kanye yekuphila. EU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II ngiswele kutenhlalo for umzabalazo ezivamile ekulweni nesitha. Yilokho lwenzelwe imisebenzi izincwadi, amabhayisikobho, walunguza ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombe samasosha yokushisekela izwe wezwe wathwebula ayakhelwe ukukhombisa esidlule nobuqhawe yezwe ekulweni abahlaseli. Futhi, izikrini waya amafilimu ngikhazimulise zabasebenzi nobuqhawe abantu baseSoviet, impumelelo yalo ekukhiqizeni kanye nomnotho. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane kwaphawuleka kule izincwadi. abalobi ezidumile aseSoviet ukubhala imisebenzi uhlamvu omkhulukazi, okuyinto kwakufanele ugqozi abantu baseSoviet emzabalazweni. Ngokuvamile, iqembu safinyelela yayo: kuhlasela German abantu baseSoviet rose ukuvikela ezweni.

Ukuqinisa we ukuzivikela - isiqondiso eyinhloko Inqubomgomo yasekhaya

EU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela IMpi Yezwe II usesimweni esinzima kakhulu: ukungavunyelwa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe langempela, usongo ayehlasela, okuyinto ngo-April 1941 kwadingeka kakade wathinta cishe yonke iYurophu, wafuna izinto ngenkani izinyathelo esiphuthumayo ukulungiselela izwe ekulweni oluzayo. Kuyinto ngale nkinga futhi ukunquma inkambo ubuholi beqembu kule minyaka eyishumi.

Umnotho Soviet ngosuku olwandulela IMpi Yezwe II ezingeni kahle eliphezulu yentuthuko. Eminyakeni eyedlule, sibonga umnyuziki nezikhathi ezimbili oneminyaka emihlanu, enamandla kunazo samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi sidaliwe kuleli zwe. Ngokuhamba kwezimboni kwaba ukwakha imoto, ugandaganda izimboni, Mills steel, esiteshini emifula. Ngesikhashana nje, izwe lethu ukunqoba ukusalela emazweni asentshonalanga e matemu.

EU.SSR ukuzivikela izici ezingaba ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II kuhlanganisiwe tinkhombandlela eziningana. Endaweni inqubomgomo kuqala Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa okukhethekile of yokusansimbi ayoni futhi nonferrous, kanye ijubane yashesha eseqala ukuveza izikhali. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa eyalandela, ukukhiqizwa yayo iye kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi 4. amathangi amasha, ngesivinini bomlilo, ukuhlaselwa izindiza, kodwa ukukhiqizwa yabo mass lutho uhlelo zadalwa. izibhamu izibhamu zazakhiwa. It yokutholwa umthetho ku jikelele ukungenela inkonzo yezempi, kangangokuthi kuqala impi yezwe kungabeka ngaphansi isibhamu ambalwa million abantu.

inqubomgomo Komphakathi kanye yokucindezelwa

EU.SSR ukuzivikela izici ezingaba zincike nekusebenta ukukhiqizwa. Kuze kube yimanje, iqembu waqhubeka uchungechunge izinyathelo ezinqala: kwenza kwaba nomfutho ngosuku ema-awa lasiphohlongo, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto ukusebenza. ukuhoxiswa okungagunyaziwe kusukela ibhizinisi wawuvinjelwe. Ukuze kokuba sekwephuzile emsebenzini kufanele abe sijeziso esinzima - ukuboshwa, futhi yokukhiqiza ukukhubazeka umuntu esongelwa umsebenzi ophoqelelwe.

Nokho, ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kwaba nethonya elilimaza isimo iRed Army. izikhulu Ikakhulukazi abathintekayo: nabalimele abangaphezulu kwamakhulu amahlanu 400 abangu becindezela. Ngenxa yalokho, 7% kuphela abamele ophakeme umyalo abasebenzi kwadingeka imfundo ephakeme. Kukhona izindaba intelligence Soviet ngokuphindaphindiwe yanikeza izixwayiso kusondela ukuhlasela lesitha ngokumelene ezweni lethu. Noma kunjalo, ubuholi akazange athathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ukuze kuxoshwe lokhu kuhlasela. Sekukonke, Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ikhono ukuzivikela wase-USSR ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II avunyelwe izwe lethu hhayi kuphela ukusinda ukuhlaselwa esibi laseJalimane lobuNazi, kodwa ke zokumelana.

Isimo e-Europe

Isikhundla ngamazwe-USSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kwakunzima kakhulu ngenxa ukuvela foci of kwezempi. E-West, kwaba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, eJalimane. Wawunodonga ngaphambi kokuba yonke umkhakha eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ufake amasosha kahle ahlomile angaphezu kuka-8 million. AmaJalimane matasa amazwe ezifana eliphambili eziphambili European njengoba Czech Republic, France, Poland, Austria. ESpain, basekela kombuso wobushiqela ka uJenene Franco. Lapho ebhekene isimo eziwohlokayo ngamazwe, ubuholi Soviet, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwathi, nabanye abantu, imbangela eyasebenza njengodonga nokungaqondi mutual ukudideka phakathi umbimbi, kamuva kwaholela emiphumeleni ebuhlungu.

Isimo e-East

Isimo esinzima futhi ngenxa isimo e-Asia waphenduka eU.SSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kafushane le nkinga ibangelwa izifiso zempi Japan, okuyinto yahlasela emazweni angomakhelwane wafika eduze imingcele yezwe lethu. Yabizwa izibhelu ahlomile: the amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka alwisane ekuhlaseleni izitha entsha. Kube ukusongela kwempi nezimpi ezimbili. Ngezindlela eziningi ithi ayifane ukulingana kwamandla yangibeka ubuholi Soviet emva izingxoxo akuphumelelanga nabameleli Western ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ne eJalimane nonaggression. Ngemva kwalokho, Eastern Front esadlala indima ebalulekile phakathi nempi futhi akwaziwa nokuthi liyophela yimpumelelo. Kwaba ngesikhathi eziphathelene nokuqiniswa izinqubomgomo wamabutho kwakuyinto wemigomo lehamba embili eLuhlelweni.

umnotho wezwe

Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi ye-USSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe yayihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha esindayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wonke amabutho ka nomphakathi wamaSoviet zaziphonswa. Nkinga izisetshenziswa kusuka emzaneni kanye loans for izidingo umkhakha asindayo izinyathelo esemqoka iqembu ukwakha samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi enamandla. Kuvele ijubane yashesha amabili uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu Kwakuseshwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho iSoviet Union enqobe lag lamazwe Western Europe. Edolobhaneni adalwa impahla emikhulu kanye yangasese uyekwa. umkhiqizo wezolimo kwaba izidingo yedolobha lezimboni. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-kabanzi phakathi abasebenzi Stakhanov ukunyakaza, okuyinto sasekelwa iqembu. umsebenzi-ekugcwalisekeni kwalokho okuyinkambiso izikhala owathenjiswa abakhiqizi. Injongo eyinhloko zonke izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuqinisa amakhono ukuzivikela wase-USSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

izinguquko indawo

Ngu-1940, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukunwetshwa kwemingcele yase-USSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Lokhu kwakuwumphumela lahlukene Inqubomgomo izinyathelo angaphandle ezithathwe ubuholi uStalin ukuze uvikele imingcele. Okokuqala, baxoxa ngendlela ukuhambisa uhlu umngcele enyakatho ntshonalanga nezwe, esiye saholela, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, empini Finland. Naphezu kwenani esindayo, futhi kusobala backwardness yomsebenzi iRed Army, uHulumeni waseSoviet wenze siqu sakhe, esethole Karelian Isthmus kanye Hanko nhlonhlo.

Kodwa ngisho izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhudlwana indawo kuye kwaqhuma imingcele esentshonalanga. Ngo-1940, iSoviet Union langena aseBaltic - eLithuania, eLatvia nase-Estonia. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho esikhathini abaluliwe ukubaluleka eliyisisekelo ngoba indawo zokuzivikela wadala uhlobo ukulungiselela ehlasela isitha

Izihloko cwaningo ezikoleni

Ngokuhamba umlando we XX leminyaka enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu isihloko "eSoviet Union ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe." Libanga 9 - isifundo esiphathelene inkinga, okuyinto kuyadida ngakho futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kutsi thishela ngokucophelela ukukhetha impahla abuye ahumushe amaqiniso. Ikakhulukazi le osebenza Yiqiniso, elidumile okungezona ubudlova isivumelwano, okuqukethwe okuyinto kuphakamisa imibuzo futhi inikeza indawo eyanele ukuze ingxoxo kanye mpikiswano.

Kulokhu, kufanele acabangele engu-abafundi: intsha ngokuvamile zithambekele maximalist ekuhlolweni kwabo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba adlulisele kubo umqondo wokuthi ukusayina idokhumende ezifana uma kunzima ukuchaza ezinye izinto ezivelile, kungenzeka ukuchaza isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamazwe, iSoviet Union, eqinisweni, it ahlukanisa phakathi imizamo yabo ukwakha uhlelo imifelandawonye ngokumelene eJalimane.

Enye inkinga engengaphansi impikiswano - ke nenkinga yokuxhuma emazweni aseBaltic kokuphindela eSoviet Union. Isikhathi esining impela ungathola imibono mayelana nokuhlanganiswa zabo zobudlova, ukuphazamiseka izindaba zangaphakathi. Ucwaningo lento idinga nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela yonke isimo inqubomgomo angaphandle. Mhlawumbe, lolu daba kwakhiwa isimo esifana isivumelwano okungezona ubudlova: ku eyandulela impi isikhathi ukuhanjiswa izindawo kanye sokulungiswa imingcele babe ngenakugwemeka mkhuba. Ibalazwe yeYurophu ishintshile njalo, ngakho noma yisiphi isenzo nezombusazwe esimweni kufanele kubonakale njengendlela ukulungiselela impi.

Hlela "be-USSR ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe," isifundo, sifinyeto okumele zihlanganisa kokubili inqubomgomo angaphandle futhi isimo sangaphakathi zombusazwe wombuso, kufanele esekelwe yobudala abafundi. Ebangeni 9 ongavimbela ngokwethu amaqiniso ayisisekelo ebhalwe kuloluGunyazo, ngale sihloko. eziningi nezindaba inkani ukuba nakhelwe abafundi grade 11 isethi ingqikithi bese unikele Bafanele bangenele tinkhulumomphikiswano kuso kwezinye izici. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkinga kwenqubomgomo angaphandle yase-USSR ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili ingenye impikiswano kunawo isayensi zomlando zasekhaya, futhi ngenxa yalokho oluthatha indawo yokuqala esimisweni semfundo esikoleni.

Ekuhloleni ngale ndaba kufanele ikhumbule zonke nesikhathi sangaphambilini zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. ngalesi simo Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle yayihloselwe yokuthi ukuqinisa isikhundla salo ngamazwe bese udala uhlelo sezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi zombili lezi zici kakhulu okubangelwa izenzo Benziwe ubuholi beqembu lakhe ebusweni eziwohlokayo usongo lempi ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana.

Ngisho emashumini eminyaka eyedlule, iSoviet Union bafuna ukuzitholela indawo yayo enkundleni ngamazwe. Umphumela wale mizamo eminingi kwaba ukudalwa isimo esisha futhi ukunwetshwa sphere yayo ithonya. Abaphathi ofanayo uye waqhubeka efeza ngemva kokunqoba lezombusazwe German amaNazi Party. Kodwa manje, le nqubomgomo yokutholwa sicabangela uhlobo ukuvela esasizosheshisa ka foci kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-iWest ne-East. Isihloko "be-USSR ngosuku olwandulela le Mpi Enkulu Patriotic", okuyinto izifushaniso etafuleni abekwe ngezansi, libonisa ngokucacile iziqondiso main inqubomgomo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle we Party.

Ngakho, isikhundla isimo ngobusuku bangaphambi empini kwakunzima kakhulu, echaza izici izinqubomgomo, kokubili enkundleni ngamazwe futhi ngaphakathi ezweni. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukuzivikela khono ye-USSR ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II wadlala indima juqu ukunqoba eJalimane lobuNazi.