Pavel Egorovich laseChekhov: A Biography. umndeni laseChekhov sika. Ubaba Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Ubaba Antona Pavlovicha Chehova, uPawulu Nina, yazalwa ngo-1825 nge-. Olhovatka. umndeni laseChekhov BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo serfs. Lesi sikole P. E. chehov wafunda ukufunda nokubhala, ukucula, inkositini violin. Kusukela 1840 wafunda ifektri ushukela esigodini sakubo Chertkov.

kweminyaka engu

Kusukela 1841 waba ongumlimi khulula ngenxa yokuthi ubaba wakhe, wabe esenezela ke ohlwini bendawo Rostov. Ngemva konyaka wayekade sesengce ngamaduna endaweni yakubo ukuze eMoscow, lapho wathengisa ngabo ngempumelelo.

Ngo-1844, ubaba sizimisele uPawulu Zhukovsky Kobylinu I. E. (eTaganrog yomthengisi). Kungakapheli nonyaka njengoba laseChekhov wayephethe ehhovisi lakhe ohlangothini ukuhweba.

Esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, uPawulu Egorovich laseChekhov (1825-1898 GG) wayedlala lomshado, choice yakhe kwaba tvoix rukax Evgenia Yakovlevna. Kamuva, wamupha izindlalifa eziyisithupha: Alexander, uNicholas, u-Anton, u-Ivan, Maria uMichael. Ngakho, umndeni laseChekhov Yayinkulu futhi enobungane.

Ukuze uqhubeke ngempumelelo ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana kwawo, kwakudingeka ahambe isigaba wobunxiwankulu. 21.07.1858 uMnu Pavel Egorovich waklonyeliswa isihloko yomthengisi inhlangano yesithathu. Ngemva konyaka, ke evunyiwe elisezingeni inhlangano yesibili, okuyinto ikhokhwe eminyakeni esengeziwe elishumi elinamithandathu.

Kodwa ukuhweba kwakungeyona umsebenzi kuphela laseChekhov sika, wabuye wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emisebenzini wezokuhlalisana wedolobha. Ngakho, ngo-1866, uPawulu Egorovich laseChekhov waqokwa ilungu deputation ukuhweba, eminyakeni emine kamuva yena yanikezelwa uhlu formulary. Ngo-1871 yena yaklonyeliswa ngendondo.

incithakalo umndeni

1876 lwalungolukhulu nzima uPawulu Zhukovsky umndeni, ngakho wayezwe ubuhlungu obukhulu. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ekuncipheni ukuhweba eTaganrog, Rostov kusukela abekwa ojantshi ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi, uPawulu Egorovich laseChekhov, uyise A. P. Chehova sika, ikhokhwe ukwakha indlu ngenxa yomndeni wakhe, kodwa inkontileka emiselwe umise liphezulu kakhulu intengo ukwakhiwa.

Konke lokhu wayeshayela lapho umkhaya ezikweletini. Pavel Egorovich laseChekhov, ogama biography kwakunzima kakhulu, kwadingeka zihambe kuleli zwe ngoba eMoscow. Kukhona wahlala ubumpofu isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ngo-1877 waba Akuboshwe umthengisi IE Gavrilova. Kukhona uyise Chehova A. P. wasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-nantathu.

Kusukela 1892 wathuthela Melikhovo izindlu Antona Pavlovicha Chehova. Kube wahola umnotho, linakekela engadini, ngaqhubeka idayari, wafunda zonke amaphephandaba unolwazi A. P. Chehova mayelana izihloko.

Okwamanje imbangela yokufa Paul Zhukovsky wakhonza njengomdala operation zehluleka 1898, owawusedolobheni eMoscow. Elapho wembelwa Novodevichy emathuneni.

unkosikazi

Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova (Morozov) kwakunenkosikazi yesazi uPawulu Zhukovsky. Ngiseyingane, safundiswa ukuthi ifunde futhi ibhale wakhe ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ekhaya.

Cha attained engu-nambili, washonelwa uyise. Umndeni wakhe waphoqeleka ukuba bathuthele yaseTaganrog, lapho yena wathunyelwa Institute for Noble emaNtombazaneni Kurilova. Elapho, wabe Iyakwazi imikhuba emihle, ithoni uqeqeshwe ukudansa.

Inkathi incithakalo imikhaya Eugene Y. wakhuthazelela kanzima, kodwa ubulokhu ukholelwa umyeni wakhe futhi asekelwe zonke izinhlelo zakhe. Qondisa imizi eMoscow Melikhovo wamthatha phezu.

abazali okuyisibonelo, uPawulu Egorovich laseChekhov, Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova ichitha isikhathi esiningi bekhulisa kanye nemfundo yezingane zabo. Eugene Y. wayenomusa kakhulu, emnene futhi owesifazane ebucayi. Ngangiqiniseka ukuthi zonke izingane uyithanda ngendlela ekhethekile. Yena akazange anikeze noma iluphi izintandokazi phakathi kwabo, ukuthi uyazithanda izingane wanikeza wonke futhi ngamunye.

Ukufa lamfica yakhe phambi lokuzalwa engu-83 ubudala, isizathu ukuthi kwaba ukugula okungathí sina.

Esikhathini esizayo, u-Anton Pavlovich chehov is hhayi kanye okukhulunywa ukuthi ithalente wadla ifa kuyise futhi unina wathatha okungcono - umphefumulo wakhe.

Pavel Egorovich laseChekhov. Izingane. Izibulo lika-Alexander

KwaRubhen amazibulo uPawulu Zhukovsky Alexander wazalwa ngo-1855, eneminyaka engu-umlobi. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme e-eTaganrog iwine nayo lendondo yesiliva. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, u-Alexander waya eMoscow ukuba ube khona Physics and Mathematics Faculty of University. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-27 ngempumelelo usekuphothulile ukuqeqeshwa.

Eminyakeni yakhe umfundi wasebenza amaphephandaba amaningi nomagazini, wabahola ucwaningo lokuqala Anton Pavlovich.

Ngo-1881, yena waqala waba ahlalisane AI-Sokolnikova Khrushchev. Wayengeke ukumshada ngoba Tula sabefundisi ezingokomoya akakunikanga kwemvume esehlukanisweni elalivela kumyeni wakhe, ngaleyo ndlela, njengoba igxeke yona ukungashadi ephakade. Lokhu akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa abathandi ezimbili babe izindlalifa (U-Anton UNikolai).

iminyaka ezine ezazikhonza eTaganrog, Petersburg Novorossiysk Customs. Lokhu kushiye kunobufakazi omubi emsebenzini wakhe, ngoba cishe baliphonsa. Ngo-1886, u-Anton Alexander basiza khona isikhundla ephephandabeni.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, walahlekelwa umkakhe, ngo-1889 yashada N. A. Golden, owawungumnyaka umphathi kwezingane zakhe. Wamnika indodana yesithathu - Michael.

Nicholas

UNikolai Pavlovich laseChekhov wazalwa ngo 1858, wayengumuntu umculi emangalisayo. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni 5 lolimi eTaganrog. Wabe iziqu eSikoleni yokudweba, ukunitha and Architecture eMoscow.

Nakuba usengumfundi waqala i draftsman umsebenzi kanye cartoonist emaphephabhukwini wafunda umfanekiso imisebenzi Anton laseChekhov.

lojwayelekile yakhe mfazi wayemuhle AA-Ipatief ka Golden. Naphezu umsungulo yayo, wayephuza kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwaholela nasekufeni kwakhe eminyakeni kunalokho ekuseni.

Anton

Anton Pavlovich chehov wazalwa ngo 1860. Yena wayengumbulali umbhali odumile wemidlalo.

Imfundo kule sokuzivocavoca awamenzanga ukusiza uPawulu Egorovichu esitolo zokudla. isiqedile ngempumelelo esigabeni sokuqala imfundo, owaba umfundi we uphiko lokuqeqeshela ezokwelapha eMoscow University.

ukushicilelwa wakhe kuqala "Dragonfly" umagazini sesivele sifike eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Futhi akazange ayeke futhi yaqhubeka inyatheliswa ngo izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene bese ngaphansi pseudonyms ahlukahlukene.

Ngemva kokuphothula eyunivesithi lithathe isikhundla udokotela wesifunda, ngaphandle kokushiya umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko.

Njengoba akhulula play yakhe yokuqala "uMalume Vanya" engu-27. Ngo-1890, Sakhalin wahlanganyela ngezigaba kanye incazelo yomlando futhi ukuphila weziboshwa, incwadi "Sakhalin Island" kwakhululwa kwalokho.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-amathathu Anton Pavlovich chehov yaziwa futhi ohlonishwa umbhali, abafundi wayewuthanda umsebenzi wakhe.

Abaku 41 washada, choice yakhe kwaba Olga Knipper. Olga ongowokuzalwa Glazov, ubaba wakhe wobunjiniyela. Wenza izindima okuholela imikhiqizo laseChekhov. Ayehlangana 1898 ngesikhathi ukusebenza ukubuyekeza ka "We-seagull", "inkosi yakwa-Fyodor Ivanovich."

LaseChekhov kwaba kuthando lapho uqala futhi washaywa izwi lakhe, ukuhlonipheka, ngobuqotho. Olga yena wayethi esikhathini saqala ukoma ifindo isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuphila kwakhe. Ngeshwa, umshado akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-engu-44, isifo sofuba amyisa ukufa. Umlobi ungcwatshwe, uyise, uPawulu Egorovich laseChekhov, emathuneni Novodevichy.

Ivan

Ivan Pavlovich wazalwa ngo-1861 futhi ngasebenza zonke uthisha wakhe ekuphileni. Lapho lo mkhaya uthuthela eMoscow, wahlala ezweni lakubo futhi izincwadi bophezela. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili, asifundise kona, akufuna e Voskresensk. Ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka emihlanu, waya eMoscow, lapho wahola inombolo kwezikole futhi wafundisa.

Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe yena, wadabuka ngokuthi akakwazanga ngisho imfundo esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi wahlanganyela kule yokuzithiba ngcono. Ngokungafani uNicholas, ubuntu bakhe kwaba ubulukhuni ezahlukene kanye imperiousness.

Ngo 1893, e Melikhovo kwadingeka lomshado wakhe nge S. V Andreevoy.

Maria

Maria Pavlovna wazalwa ngo-1863, yena njengoMenzi umculi futhi uthisha waziwa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisishiyagalolunye ukufunda ekuqaleni esikoleni eTaganrog amantombazane '.
Ngemva kokuthuthela e-Moscow, kuqede ngempumelelo Filaretovskiy ekolishi Diocesan zabesifazane. Okulandelayo iziqu izifundo zesifazane zomlando namasiko abaphezulu Guerrier. iminyaka Ukuze 41 wasebenza njengomfundisi weZwi umlando geography esikoleni samantombazane.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlanganyela umdwebo bese wafunda Stroganov School. Mary wabuye waqeqesha studio ka AA Hotyaintsevoy ngempumelelo. Ukufa Antona Pavlovicha Chehova yamshukumisela ukushicilela izincwadi ngomfowabo, uye wadala indlu-Museum yomlobi, ayesesiphethe umqondisi. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba yinhliziyo.

Michael

Mikhail Pavlovich wazalwa ngo-1868, kanye umzalwana othileko, eyingoduso ngokubhala. Moscow iphothulile ngempumelelo kusukela Faculty of Law eNyuvesi.

Wayesebenza njengoba umhloli intela ukukhokha ke ephethwe uMnyango Yaroslavl Exchequer.
Ukudala umfowabo samenta bahlanganyele izincwadi futhi waqala ukusebenza omagazini zezingane. Kodwa awuzange eshicilelwe ngaphansi ngegama lakhe siqu, futhi wakhetha mbumbulu "M. ZamaBohemia ".

Ukudala kwaba isici bakhe: wamonyuka kahle, lalingabulawa kalula ukudlala upiyano, eyingoduso ngokubhala emaciniso (tindzaba, tinkondlo, izinguqulo). Ngemva kwalokho, laseChekhov wabhala i-encyclopedia - incwadi "Ngo laseChekhov".

Ubaba - egor Mihaylovich chehov

Ubaba Chehova P. E. yonke yokuphila kwaba serf Chertkovs. Yena wathola ukuziphilisa kwezolimo olimekayo, yaqala ngaleso sikhathi embonini kashukela Chertkovs. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakunomsebenzi isikhundla umabhalane.

Umkayo wayesesibhedlela E. E. Shimko, owamnika izindlalifa ezine (Michael Paul, Mitrofan, u-Alexander). Yegor Mikhailovich waqeqeshwa nekubhala kanye hle cophelela of izingane zabo kahle. Wayengene abazikhandlayo, indoda nginenhliziyo futhi engongi. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo wakwazi ukuthenga umkhaya wakhe futhi abe ongumlimi khulula.

Lapho esededelwe, Yegor Mikhailovich waqala ukudayisa amahhashi, waba yamaFilisti sathenga indlu encane umkhaya wakhe eTaganrog. Kodwa idolobha ongafikanga ngendlela ethandwa nguye, futhi ukuphila kwakhe konke ayihlala emzaneni.