Lo mbuso WaseByzantium

Ukuwa yoMbuso WaseByzantium-dolobha yalo eConstantinople, sihlehlela kusuka 1453. It kwakufanele nomthelela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene isibe umsunguli yomthetho waseRoma, isimiso somthetho, okuyinto isisekelo iningi lamazwe, ephakeme nemfundo yesikole. Phela, uMbuso WaseByzantium wanika kuqala inyuvesi emhlabeni. It sidalwe uhlelo lwezimali, ukuba khona eyathatha kusasele cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Basics of amakhono zokubonisana nazo wasibeka yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Architecture, ubuciko ... Kuyinto kude hhayi egcwele uhlu impumelelo zombuso, ukuba khona eyathatha eziyinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili nanhlanu.

1203 - unyaka wesine impi. Ngenkathi Crusaders baye benqaba ukwenza uhambo ngezinyawo endleleni, ngakho baseVenice awenze yokuhamba ngemikhumbi, kodwa imali le sevisi akwanele. Ngakho-ke ecaleni Venetian ezihlongozwayo esikhundleni ukukhokha izikweletu ukuthatha izakhamuzi Zadar (ukuhweba edolobheni ku-Adriatic Sea). Amabutho empi yenkolo bavumelana futhi wagcwalisa kulesi simo, kodwa izimali akwanele Zadar ukuba baseVenice kwadingeka asikhali ngalutho. Ngakho-ke, yingxenye yabo kulandelwa isiphakamiso ukuzwa imibono omkhulu waseConstantinople, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isimo ukuxabana phakathi umalume nomshana - Alex Isaka nezingelosi - indawo sobukhosi.

Omunye amaqembu ukuvusela kwamabutho ezimpi zokholo, ezithembisa imali efanele imali ukubuyiselwa sobukhosi. Ngakho, i-Crusaders, ngemva kuphangwa, wathatha ngokuthi iConstantinople. Ukuze afeze isithembiso isizumbulu ikhokhwe Angel kuhlulekile, ngoba nje azange abe lemali edingekile, ngakho impendulo Crusaders kwaba ukuphanga. Bakhandwa zintshontsha zonke izindawo omkhulu waseConstantinople, kuhlanganise indwangu leNkosi, amakhulu amathani zemali, umhlobiso amasonto, usebenza yobuciko. Ibutho WaseByzantium akakwazanga ancintisane kwezinkulumo ezinamandla kakhulu futhi enamandla kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ibutho Crusaders, kwakungenjalo ukwazi ukuvimbela ukweba.

Ngakho, ngo-1204 kwaba khona ikhefu lokugcina emhlabeni entshonalanga nasempumalanga. I WaseByzantium eNtshonalanga - iyona indawo lapho kukhona ukubukwa zezihlubuki futhi mazwi. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, abahwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe abavunyelwa ukubukelwa phansi ukuze anesikhundla ehola emnothweni zaseByzantium emakethe yayo.

Yini eyabangela ukuwa kwalo mbuso? Inkinga, okuyinto kuye kwaholela Ukuwohloka isimo somnotho woMbuso WaseByzantium, waba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isimo phezu imali futhi inhloko-dolobha indiza ENtshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba khona udaba kazwelonke, okuyinto ayikwazanga azithalalise. Njengoba ababusi nabahloli izikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi wayesengaba abameleli lanoma isiphi isizwe indesheni. Ukugcizelela main kwaba ku ukuphathwa ukusebenza acumen ibhizinisi. Kodwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi omele zomhlaba onobulwane zasendle.

wave ubuzwe kwaholela uqhekeko phakathi kwezizwe abahlala lo waseByzantium. West akazange miss ithuba ukusizakala isimo futhi waqala ukuba sithonye baseBulgaria futhi lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia, amaGreki iminyaka eminingi, wayewaxinile bangobani. Ukutshala yale mibono zaholela eziningana ukunyakaza yezinguquko of the West kanye nezincomo esiphuthumayo unqobe lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia futhi baseBulgaria kusukela mbuso nokuthi ukubusa kwabo emhlabeni European. Ngakho, lezi zizwe iminyaka eminingi ezayo ngenxa yalokhu ngaphansi kwejoka kanzima by abaseTurkey.

I WaseByzantium, ngaphandle kwalabo sekushiwo, uthola enye inkinga - ukukhula wokunganeliseki phezu ingxenye ezicezile kwesihloko, amazinga okuphila luhluke impilo eConstantinople.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII eByzantium amaqembu amabili ne ukubukwa okuphambene aye amiswa. Eyokuqala ngokuthi ukuthuthukisa, sithembele kuphela ezintweni zabo siqu futhi ngandise bezikhali lizwe, kwesibili - pro-Western - wakhuthaza kabusha zonke izikhungo zombuso, ngokuhambisana imodeli Western. Kusekelwa Europe, iqembu pro-baseNtshonalanga iwine. Umphumela waba uchungechunge yezinguquko ezaholela singenamandla okuphelele lo mbuso isitha sakhe - sultanate WaseTurkey.

Kokuwa kweConstantinople kwaba umphumela lokuvimbezela zalo zokugcina nge abaseTurkey. Naphezu ukunikela caster oluvelele Urga ukudala ezidingekayo ukumelana ukumelana izibhamu Turkish, umbusi, kodwa impendulo, omunye akakhiphanga. Izimali lalingenalutho yoMbuso WaseByzantium, nezakhamuzi ezicebile ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela lolu uhlelo esishiywe dengwane. Ngakho, ummeleli jikelele yesayensi, nge isiphakamiso efanayo badlulisela icala Turkish Sultan Mehmet. Yena ivumile ukunikela izimali ezidingekayo. Ngakho, sibonga WaseByzantium umfundi esikoleni, isiphetho BoMbuso WaseByzantium kokuvalelwa.

Ngenxa yalokho kwalo mcimbi ukungezwa ku baseNtshonalanga futhi party pro-Turkish, umsebenzi kabani main owayezohola dolobha ibhodi sika.

May 29, 1453, ngemva kokuvinjezelwa eside ngaphandle komuzi, amabutho Turkish ephethwe babe nempumelelo. Abavikeli, niyesabe kuhlaselwa, babaleka. Ngakho, umbusi WaseByzantium wayeyedwa phakathi izimbangi. Stab emhlane ngomunye ngabameli ohlangothini Turkish iye yabangela ukuphela kokuphila soMbusi uConstantine XI Palaeologus.

I WaseByzantium abasekho.