State Museum-Reserve "Tsaritsyno": incazelo, izintengo, izithombe, ikheli. Ukuthola "Tsaritsyno" Museum-Reserve?

On eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMoscow, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi othandekayo kakhulu izakhamuzi isimo Museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno".

History of the izindlu

Ngo 1775, edolobhaneni Black ukungcola Yakha suburban esigodlweni waqala. Isinqumo ku ukwakhiwa ekuqaleni ekhishwe Umbusikazi uCatherine II.

Ekuqaleni, ukwakhiwa ifa waphathiswa umakhi abadumile Russian V I. Bazhenovu. Wanquma ukuhlehlela emuva kancane kusukela bendabuko isitayela zakudala ukwakha Ensemble entsha ezakhiwo izakhiwo ngesisekelo asymmetry. Ngokwe abalobi, kwaba lube kwezigodlo eziningana ezincane, ahlotshiswe isitayela lalo.

Sasisuke kwebhuloho lokuqala elalakhiwe. Wayenjengobaba amasango nge imibhoshongo omkhulu futhi izintuba amafasitela. Ngempela, lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele wezakhiwo Russian kwekhulu XVIII. Ngo 1778 yayakhiwe Isilinganiso Catherine futhi Petit Palais, ayehloselwe for yokuhlala iNdlovukazi sika.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaqala ukwakhiwa Grand Palace, ngo-1784 - ukwakhiwa Isinkwa House. Lesi sakhiwo is senzelwe isitoreji ngokudla kanye nokulungiselela ukudla etafuleni yasebukhosini. Iphinde kuhlelwe ukuhlomisa indawo izinceku.

Ngemva kwangaphambilini ukuhlolwa uCatherine II waba awanelisekile nge umakhi futhi Bajenov emsebenzini limiswe. Yena salandelwa engengaphansi wezakhiwo owaziwa M. Kazakov. Ngu oda iNdlovukazi Grand Palace ukuthi zezikhali ngokuphelele.

Mikhail Kazakov wazama ukusindisa eziningi iphrojekthi Bazhenova, ukuthola ukusilela. Kuze kube yimanje, washiya uhlela isakhiwo izigodlo, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho eziphoqelelwayo ke othile "gothic" umhlobiso. Ngenxa isinqumo sokuqala, isitayela esisha - ama-mbumbulu Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile bakubize ngokuthi "Russian Gothic". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le kunesigodlo soMbusi kuphela e-Europe, wenza ngale ndlela.

Kodwa iphupho uCatherine II ku isakhiwo esisha okwakungafanele abe kuyo. Isigodlo asiphothulwanga ngesikhathi impilo iNdlovukazi. Futhi 1797, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukwakhiwa wayeka ngokuphelele.

A zesigodlo esiyingqayizivele waqala kancane kancane ukuze ngivuselele kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngo-1993, le ndawo zomlando seyaziwa ngokuthi ezivulekile Museum. Wayelethwa afakwe ohlwini esikhumbuzo yomlando namasiko yeRussia.

Tsaritsyno namuhla

Imyuziyemu-Reserve "Tsaritsyno" siguqule eminyakeni yamuva. Kube balujabulela Muscovites eziningi izivakashi yenhloko-dolobha. On izivakashi iyamangalisa futhi zigcinwe kahle Museum zesimanjemanje, amachibi amahle.

"Tsaritsyno" Museum-reserve idume yokuthi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngo kwenye yezindlu eduze esontweni Blessed Virgin Mary, wahlala bayou Matrona Moskovskaya.

kwepaki

Nale ndawo enhle, sincoma ukuthi ukuqala ajwayelane Museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno". Ipaki waqala ukuthatha ukuma ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII.

isisekelo sayo okwakukhona isivande njalo, featuring ecacile geometry emasimini nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Catherine fashion ngabo isidlulile, sithathelwe indawo okungajwayelekile English izingadi. Ukuhlela emasimini anjalo Tsaritsyno ngo-1784 wamenywa ngu wensimu waseLondon Frensis ukuqeda.

Nokho, zezimbali Tsaritsyno epaki weqiniso ofikile ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX. emadokodweni, gazebos, amabhuloho, Imigede: ezihlukahlukene "isithembiso kwezobuciko" zazisetshenziselwa umhlobiso.

indima enkulu ukudalwa kwepaki kudlalwa I. V Egotov - wezakhiwo oluvelele.

Ngeshwa, ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, epaki ubekade labhidlika - sebenzi it jikisa nga sleazy, hhayi inakekelwa kahle ihlathi epaki.

Ngo-2007, sase siphendukile. Wadedelwa kusukela izitshalo self-kutshalwe futhi izingodo ezibolile. Ngesisekelo imibhalo ezigciniwe kanye yemivubukulo libuyiselwe komlando wohleloxhumano bawuphithanisile umkhondo wezindlela kanye emizileni yaleli paki.

amachibi Nature reserve

"Tsarina" - Imyuziyemu-Reserve, ogama isithombe thina kuthunyelwe i-athikili yethu, has amachibi ezimbili - Upper futhi Lower Shipilovsky. Bavele ubuphansi phakathi kwekhulu XVII, ngemva nokwakhiwa kwamadamu phezu kwemifula Yazvenko, Gorodnya futhi Cherepishka.

Amadamu ezakhiwa Mills. Ponds wenze esiteji bokuzwana Borisov amachibi, obadalwa phakathi nesikhathi Tsar Boris Godunov.

Namuhla Borisov futhi Tsaritsyno amachibi abhekwa elidala elikhulu ubude endaweni in a inhloko-dolobha yanamuhla.

Inani indawo engaphezu kuka-180-hectare yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi.

Grand Palace

Izivakashi eziningi beze Museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno" ukuze ubone ukuthi kuyinto isakhiwo omkhulukazi. Grand Palace lakhiwa 1793 F. M. Kazakovym. Yakhiwa esizeni esigodlweni endala, okuyinto kwadalwa V I. Bazhenova.

Ukudala esigodlweni entsha, Matvey Kazakov senze umsebenzi esiqalayo ukuwenza nzima. Kwakudingekile ukubhala uMthethosisekelo omusha kuya Ensemble osuvele ukhona.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kusukela Palace Bazhenov ubudala waphakamisa abasinde ophahleni futhi adiliza ngokuphelele kwemibhoshongo enamathela. Kusukela esigodlweni kwakukhona izindonga kuphela.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha esigodlweni waqala ngo-2005. Eminyakeni emibili, amanxiwa olunothile eyabhujiswa cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, yaphenduka eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum.

Ngo-2007, kuvulwa Ensemble esigodlweni.

Namuhla, esigodlweni abuyiselwe, sengathi ukuzalwa ngokusha. ' openwork umhlobiso olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo kwenziwa esekelwe imibono M. Kazakov.

Chief (Catherine) Palace Hall, ogama endaweni idlula sq 300. amamitha, has a ezitebhisini grand futhi eduze zemikhosi reception amakamelo, ahlotshiswe isitayela kwekhulu XVIII.

Hall ehlotshisiwe langa esifanekisweni uCatherine II, eyenziwe ngemabula, ukusebenza A. Opekushin.

Manje amakamelo asele zitholakala embukisweni iqhaza iminyuziyamu ahlukahlukene eMoscow.

Small Tsaritsyno Palace

Lesi sakhiwo - sezakhiwo ezimbalwa Ensemble Tsaritsyno, okuyinto agcinwayo igama kusukela Bazhenov.

Small Tsaritsinsky Palace - omunye ezintathu senzelwe uCatherine II. Kwakuwusuku encane kunazo zonke futhi ethokomele.

Ngo-1804, lapho Tsarina baba litholakale emphakathini, lokhu sakhiwo yaqashiswa kuya engumFulentshi Lekanov axoshwe iRussia ngo 1812, okuhlelwe lapha, "Coffee House".

Maphakathi nekhulu XX, esigodlweni wahlala kuphela udonga agugile.

esigodlweni Ngokuphelele esibuyiselwe ngo-1996. Waba yingxenye "Tsaritsyno" Museum.

ikhishi Isakhiwo

Lakhiwa wezakhiwo V I. Bazhenovym e 1778. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Isinkwa House". Ekhulwini XIX ike yasebenza emtholampilo abalimi, futhi kamuva - Zemstvo esikoleni. Khona-ke egumbini esakhiweni esiqashiwe cottagers ehlobo. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution kuya 1970 kwekhulu elidlule, ke ukuvalelwa efulethini ngokuhlanganyela.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2006, Isinkwa House kwabuyiselwa. Namuhla liwukuphela kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko nemibukiso thematic.

ukucula umthombo

Ensimini ka esiqiwini has a isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto eye njalo yabakhanga izivakashi of the complex. Lona "Ukucula Fountain". Ubukhulu bayo - 55 amamitha. Lo mthombo siqukethe 807 Jets, okuyinto ngaphansi-ukuzwakala Ihubo kuyanda zokuvumelanisa ukuze ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-15. Illumination siqukethe izibani 3312. Lo mthombo usebenza ngesikhathi entwasahlobo nasehlobo kuphela.

Uphi Museum

Imyuziyemu-Reserve "Tsaritsyno", ogama kheli Str. Dolsky, d. 1, kuhlale izivakashi bajabule. Indlela elula ukufika Museum, thatha esitimeleni. Kuyadingeka ukuba athole 'Tsaritsyno "esiteshini. Phandle emgwaqeni, kufanele uye ngqo, futhi umzuzu wena izokwethulwa Museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno". Kanjani ukuze ufike lapha, manje wazi, ngakho musa ukuzindela uhambo.

imodi

Imyuziyemu-Reserve "Tsaritsyno" ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusuka 11,00 kuya 18,00. Ipaki ingabonwa kusukela amahora 6.00 ukuze 24,00. NgoMgqibelo ukusebenza enwetshiwe ngehora elilodwa. Ticket ehhovisi uvala ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuphela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

amanani amathikithi

Mahhala ungathola epaki. "Tsaritsyno" (Museum-Reserve) ithikithi amanani asethwe ngempela kunengqondo - ithikithi elilodwa ukuze ihlolwe Isinkwa House kanye Grand Palace - ruble 350. Abafundi, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala, abantu abakhubazekile, abazali nezingane eziningi, impesheni akhokhe ruble angu-50.

Futhi elinye icebiso. Bonke abafisa emnyu--reserve "Tsaritsyno", ikhadi nakanjani kudingeka ecacisa ezikhangayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Thenga kungaba e inkundla emnyango main.