Ekoarhitektura: incazelo, izici, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nokubuyekeza

Ekoarhitektura - ekhethekile umqondo lathumela, okuyinto ucabangela ngokuyinhloko, yizici zemvelo ekuklanyweni imvelo womuntu. Izimiso eziyisisekelo lo mqondo, elaklanywa wezakhiwo Italian Paolo Soleri. Futhi ngaphansi ekoarhitekturoy baqonde umqondo ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa hyperstructures eziklanywe kahle ukuze anakekele labantu edolobheni elilodwa ingase kakhulu ukunciphisa umthelela womuntu omubi kwezemvelo.

kanjani umbono ekoarhitektury?

Ekoarhitektura esaba khona lapho kuba sobala ukuthi le ndawo ezisemadolobheni waqala ukuba luthathe indawo ngokungadingekile ezinkulu. Lesi simo saqala ukungenisa ukuma emazweni amaningi. Umonakalo emvelweni, okuyinto lisetshenziswa edolobheni, wawumkhulu kakhulu.

Isici esiyinhloko sale umqondo yezakhiwo kuyinto wokwehla zindawo ezazihlala ama-izakhamizi ezisemadolobheni, ngenxa Ukuthuthela a gipersturkturu ngakuthathu. Umbhali Paolo Soleri imibono Akuzona kuphela nokucabangela ukongiwa kwemvelo. Waqala ukuthuthukisa project yakhe futhi emkhakheni kwezenhlalo. Ngokusho icebo lakhe, lo hyperstructures entsha okwakulindeleke ukuba asize ukuhlela kangcono, ukusetshenziswa enkulu kwezithuthi zomphakathi. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuholele ukwanda ukwanda kwabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lokuthi kuyosisiza ekulungiseni ukuqeda eziningi izinkinga esivela megacities.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi hhayi Soleri lokuqala necebo lo mbono. izakhiwo Ecological owokuqala owachaza lesi, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo kwenzeka, e omuhle wobuciko. Imibono ezazingontanga based Soleri, kuqala evezwe-sci-fi yakhe inoveli "I olele ephaphama athole ukuthi" Gerbert Uells.

Ukuhumusha imibono ibe yinto engokoqobo

Okwamanje, umklamo ethandwa kakhulu umqondo yezakhiwo ngokuthi Arcosanti. Kuyinto idolobha e-US, elaklanywa Soleri okwamanje. Kusukela ngo-1970, ukwakhiwa salo abafundi ngomdlandla. Ahlangana umqondo ezifana "ekoarhitektura".

Kulokhu, ngeke kubhekwe yimpumelelo. Nakuba le ndawo yakhelwe abantu abayizinkulungwane 3-5 kuwo zokuzithandela ezingaba ngu-100 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kule sayithi ongaphumelela ukuqalisa amaphrojekthi zemfundo kanye izivakashi. Okwamanje Arcosanti edonsela abantu kuka 5000 ngonyaka.

What do inkampani ngaphansi kwegama "Ekoarhitektura"

ERussia namuhla alihlangani lezi zokuhlala, kodwa kuvulwe eziningi izinkampani okuyinto ukusebenza ngamazinga ezihlobene imvelo obuhlukahlukene. Abaningi babo bafunana ngokuthi - "Ekoarhitektura".

Ezinye zazo, isibonelo, wahlanganyela buyiselo esiphuthumayo ukudla wholesale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo iphelelwa isikhathi noma yisikhathi, amaqoqwana eziyinkinga imikhiqizo ukudla nezinye illiquid. Ltd ukwenza "Ekoarhitektura" (eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow). Ngemva kwalokho kudla khona udoti. Lokhu kunikeza usizo ngokuthi imvelo.

Kukhona enye inkampani e eYekaterinburg, okuthiwa "EkoArhitektura". Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa - isiqondiso eyinhloko umsebenzi wayo. ochwepheshe zayo bakulungele ukusiza balahle ekilasini IV ingozi imfucuza. Inkampani eqoqa futhi bahlunga zonke izinhlobo imfucuza, ihlinzeka iphakethe egcwele imibhalo, nokubika kwemvelo.

izakhiwo Ecostyle

Izinto zesimanje design kanye izakhiwo Ecostyle ezivamile ngempela. Lokhu isiqondiso imfashini kanye langempela. Yena ezahlukweni inani elikhulu imiklamo yocwaningo kanye zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele. Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sihloko nabasebenzi Kharkiv National Academy of Municipal Umnotho Krivitskaya A. noN Krivoruchko ngokuthi "Ekoarhitektura njengoba ekulondolozweni Uhlaka zemvelo".

Umsebenzi lunikezelwe emadolobheni amabili - laseKharkov futhi Sifundazwe. Bona, ngokososayensi, kungase kube isibonelo uhlobo olusha agglomerations ezisemadolobheni kahle. Okwamanje, ezimbonini, ukungcola komoya, Ukuwohloka kwezimo zempilo futhi sanitary kakhulu ukuba zimbi kakhulu izimo zokuphila komuntu emzini.

Ngakho-ke, kuphela ukuklanywa ekostruktur entsha kuyilapho kulondolozwa nohlaka zemvelo kohlelo lesifunda ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni amakhulu ungagcina isimo kwemvelo zamanje.

zindlela ekoarhitektury

Ukuze eco-tech izakhiwo uhambisane imibono yesimanje ngalokhu umqondo, ke kufanele ibe ngaphansi criteria letsite.

Okokuqala, kungenxa kwagezi. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa imithombo zokwenziwa of amandla. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni izinto kuphela odabuka yemvelo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi bakwazi ukuzithiba ukuvuselela. Lokhu, isibonelo, ukhuni. indlela enjalo ngeke zidinga inzalo lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu.

Okwesithathu, isidingo aphathe isakhiwo njengoba eziphilayo. Architecture kumele lithathwe ngokuthi indawo eziphilayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le ndlu isesimweni esibi futhi "kuheleza" izikhathi "ekhula," bese "fade."

Okwesine, kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila kubalulekile ukuze sinciphise umthelela elimazayo emvelweni. Futhi ekugcineni, zinyanga - ukusetshenziswa izindawo eduze nemvelo. Futhi ngokwazi ngokucacile okudingayo ncamashi kuleli fomu.

amaphrojekthi Modern ekoarhitekturnye

Umqondo amaphrojekthi eco-izakhiwo zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, okhula emhlabeni wonke. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - "ashona endlini" e-Argentina, iphrojekthi wakhe uvele 1975.

I noMphefumleli main, umakhi Emilio Ambash, wakhulelwa le "square abamnyama" bokwakha. Ngokusho icebo lakhe, yena bekumele, kanye zabalingiswa Malevich, ukufanekisa ekupheleni art nokunikela ukufinyelela ngokoqobo entsha spiritualistic.

Kodwa lapho endlini namanje lakhiwa ngo-2005, kwaba uphawu indlela "kungokwemvelo" wokuphila, okuyinto ethandwa kangaka namuhla.

I zokuhlala we "iNdlu yobumfihlo Ngazo" ithukuswe phakathi egqumeni futhi njengabakhulu kube nzima ukuzindla. Entabeni eyakhelwe izindonga ezimbili ephothiwe, okuyinto aphambana engela oyingozi. Kusolwa ukuthi lo muntu owakwazi lokufinyelela olwazini, waphakamisa kubo ngaphezu grey ngokoqobo.

Enye iphrojekthi ekoarhitekturny isetjenziswa emzini Japanese of Fukuoka. Lona omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu izwe lase-Asia, lapho unesifo ukushoda inhlekelele isikhala.

Umlando kwale phrojekthi waqala ngo-1995, lapho kwadingeka ekwakhiweni isikhungo kwamasiko. Kwavela ukuthi endaweni kuphela iziphathimandla ezinjalo kamasipala ekwakheni banganikeza epaki edolobheni, usayizi engesiyo amabhlogo engaphezu kwemibili edolobheni.

Ukuze bagawula epaki, kwanqunywa ukuba uthathe skyscraper 15 storey esikhungweni kwamasiko, kugcinwe, futsi ambalwa ngakho eJapane zasemazweni. I-skyscraper behlaliswe embukisweni izikhala kanye namahholo inkomfa, iminyuziyamu kanye art izikhala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo imifino kusukela egcinwe epaki liyaphuma phezu olungaphambili lwesonto eningizimu yalesi sakhiwo, okwenza kube ibukeke esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba - Gardens yaseBhabhiloni.

Ngakho, ukuhlola umqondo ezifana ekoarhitektura ungabhekana eziphikisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi aveze ezicini ezinhle - eqinisweni, lezi zakhiwo, ngisize imvelo futhi alondoloze imvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi eziningi zikhomba ukuthi at the stage of ukuqaliswa ngandise imiqondo ebiza kakhulu, bachitha imali eningi ngokungadingekile.

Idolobhana Dietikon

Enye iphrojekthi ekoarhitekturny ezidinga ukukutshela - kuyinto edolobhaneni Dietikon (Switzerland), eyasungulwa uPetru Fechem.

Umsolwa uvele ngaphambi 1993 endaweni edolobheni elincane Dietikon. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lapho izikrini out ifilimu "iNkosi Izindandatho", abendawo ngokuthi lo kwakhiwa eceleni kwabo emzaneni Swiss umhlaba omaphakathi.

Indlu yokuqala komhlaba Fech eyakhelwe emuva ngawo-1970. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-Dietikon wakwazi ukumisa ayisishiyagalolunye izakhiwo komhlaba ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kusukela 60 kuya ku-250 square metres. Kwakumelwe efana hobbits izindlu zamaqhawe Tolkien sika.

Ezikuthandayo futhi abantu. Uphahla kwenhlabathi utshani ngokwemvelo ukuvikela amakhaya emvuleni, emoyeni, kanye emazingeni okushisa eqisayo. Iphinde kusiza ukuchitha amandla kakhulu esingaphansi ikhaya ezivamile. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuphelele ingozi imvelo.

amapulazi mpo

mpo ukwakhiwa ipulazi iphrojekthi wazalwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga Columbia University, eMelika. Ngokusho ososayensi yayo, ngu 2050 edolobheni izoya ku-80% abantu bakuleli eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhuba yokudla imikhiqizo Isizalo ahlanzekile wezolimo zisekhona.

Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, Pierre Sartoux no-Augustin Rozenstil ezihlongozwayo okusalungiswa amapulazi mpo. Lokhu namabhilidi egcwele izindawo zokugcina izithombo namasimu corrals. Inani elikhulu izikhungo ezinjengalezi esikhathini esizayo kuzokuvumela ukuba kondle abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-eziyishumi, okuyinto by 2050 esiyoba Earth.

indlu organic

Enye iphrojekthi ukuthi ufanelwe ukuqashelwa - ikhaya organic Gaetano Pesce. Esikhathini imidwebo ekuseni wayefana kwesihlahla se-okhi, eyasebenza njengodonga isisekelo izimpande kanye umqhele - ophahleni.

Ekugcineni, indlu yaba Grove bamboo, abafuna phezulu kuphela. Umsolwa uvele ngaphambi phakathi kodwa kwelinye idolobha Japanese - Osaka. Ngo-1993, isakhiwo nje yamila ukufana okwenyanga Classic ibhizinisi Asian wesifunda. olungaphambili lwesonto Scarlet yendlu lihlotshiswe organic imbali amabhodwe. Zikhula cishe zonke izinhlobo nezihlahla ukuthi kungenziwa kuphela ezitholakala kule zoni sezulu. Lena isibonelo esicacile ekoarhitektury empilweni.