Ukuvela inkinga yasePalestina. Inkinga yasePalestina e-esigabeni samanje

Inkinga asePalestina ingenye nezindaba ezinzima kakhulu emphakathini ngamazwe. It wayedabuka 1947 kwakheka isisekelo Ephakathi ingxabano, ukuthuthukiswa okuyinto waphawula kuze kube manje.

Umlando Omfushane Palestine

Umsuka inkinga yasePalestina kumele wafuna ezikhathini zasendulo. Khona-ke le ndawo Bekunjalo emzabalazweni ebabayo phakathi eMesophothamiya, Egypt neyaseFenike. Lapho iNkosi uDavide kwakha umbuso omkhulu wamaJuda nesikhungo salo eJerusalema. Kodwa ngo-II. BC. e. lapha kwabaseRoma atheleka ngezinkani. Bona baphanga leli zwe futhi bayiqamba negama elisha - Palestine. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke abantu abangamaJuda waphoqeleka ukuba uthuthele, futhi ngokushesha wazinza ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi ixubene amaKristu.

Ku-VII. Palestine yabekwa ekunqotshweni Arab. okubusa yabo kule ndawo yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu 1,000 iminyaka. Engxenyeni XIII yesibili - ekuqaleni XVI leminyaka. Palestine kwaba sifundazwe laseGibhithe, owayebusa ngaleso sikhathi Mamluk lwamakhosi. Ngemva kwalokho, le ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yoMbuso WaseTurkey. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. esifundeni labelwe okwakuseJerusalema, owawungumnyaka ngqo ngaphansi kokulawula Istanbul.

Ukusungulwa kwe Igunya British

Ukuvela inkinga yasePalestina ihlobene Inqubomgomo laseBrithani, ngakho kufanele ucabangele umlando ukusungulwa kweBrithani kule ndawo.

Esikhathini Balfour Declaration ezikhishwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngokuhambisana ke UK abe nesimo sengqondo esiqondile ngokudalwa ikhaya lesizwe samaJuda ePalestina. Ngemva kwalokho, ukunqoba izwe uthumele ibutho lezisebenzi zokuzithandela Zionist.

Ngo-1922, iNhlangano Yezizwe wanika Britain igunya phezu Palestine. It sacala kusebenta ngo-1923.

Esikhathini kusuka 1919 kuya 1923 Palestine bafudukela amaJuda angaba yizinkulungwane 35, futhi kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1929 -. 82 eziyinkulungwane.

Isimo Palestine ngesikhathi Igunya British

Phakathi Igunya British, imiphakathi yamaJuda kanye Arab wahola Inqubomgomo ezimele yasekhaya. Ngo-1920 g. Hagan (isakhiwo obhekene self Jewish) lenzeka. Izifiki ePalestina eyakhelwe izindlu nemigwaqo, baye wadala kwezomnotho kanye athuthukile kwengqalasizinda. Lokhu kwaholela igqubu-Arabhu, umphumela okwakukhona ezimpini anti-Jewish. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi (ngo-1929), sekuqala ukuvela inkinga yasePalestina. Iziphathimandla British kulesi simo asekelwe emaJudeni. Nokho ezimpini kwaholela isidingo ukhawule ukufuduka ePalestina, kanye ukuthengwa komhlaba lapha. Iziphathimandla ngisho wakhipha okuthiwa i-White Paper Passfilda. It is kakhulu kungagcini yokufuduka amaJuda ezweni asePalestina.

Isimo Palestine ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II

Ngemva kokuba amandla kwe-Adolf Hitler eJalimane, wathuthela ePalestine, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaJuda. Kule ndaba, uKhomishane Royal ezihlongozwayo ukwehlukana Igunya indawo British yezwe zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Ngakho, ukudaleka uthi abangamaJuda nabangama-Arabhu. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi yomibili wangaphambili Palestine baboshwa sivumelwano izibopho nge-England. Lesi siphakamiso amaJuda asekelwe, kodwa ama-Arabhu kuqhathaniswa. Zazifuna kumiswa isimo esisodwa, okuyinto okuqinisekisiwe ukulingana kwawo wonke amaqembu ezizwe.

Ngo 1937-1938. Wawunamafutha impi phakathi kwamaJuda Arabhu. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo (1939), MacDonald White Paper lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela neziphathimandla British. Yayiqukethe isiphakamiso ukwakha eminyakeni 10 isimo esisodwa lapho ama-Arabhu namaJuda, lizokuba yingxenye yemidlalo uhulumeni. Zionists Olahlwe MacDonald White Paper. Ngosuku imiboniso yayo Jewish ukushicilelwa aphethwe, izidlamlilo ze-Haganah uzibophezele ukucekelwa izindawo ezibalulekile zamasu.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

Ngemva kokuba amandla, Churchill Haganah amasosha iqhaza ecaleni aseBrithani impi eSiriya. Uma wanyamalala usongo ayehlasela amabutho amaNazi ensimini ka-Palestine, Irgun (a ngasese amaphekula inhlangano) kwaholela ekuhlubukeni England. Ngemva kwempi, eBrithani kuvinjelwe ukungena amaJuda kuleli zwe. Kule ndaba, uye Wajoyina ne Haganah Irgun. Baqamba ukunyakaza "we ukumelana yamaJuda." Amalungu alezi zinhlangano ehlaselwa izinto amasu, wenza umzamo phezu abameleli ekuphathweni wamakoloni. Ngo-1946, amasosha iqhume wonke amabhuloho ukuthi exhunywe Palestine nge uthi angomakhelwane.

Ukudalwa uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli. Ukuvela inkinga yasePalestina

Ngo-1947, iZizwe Ezihlangene okufakiwe plan for ukwahlukanisa elasePalestina, njengoba waseBrithani wathi akakwazanga ukulawula isimo kuleli zwe. Yasungulwa ikomidi angu-11. Ngokusho isinqumo we-UN General Assembly, ngemva May 1, 1948, lapho i-ziyayeka kweBrithani, kufanele Palestine oluhlukaniswe uthi ezimbili (abangamaJuda nabangama-Arabhu). Ngakho iJerusalema kufanele kube ngaphansi kolawulo ngamazwe. Loluhlelo UN Itholwa ngevoti leningi.

May 14, 1948, ezamenyezelwa isimo esizimele Israyeli. Uqinisile ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kweBrithani ePalestina, uDavide uBheni-Gurion eyomphakathi umbhalo "Ukuvezwa Independence".

Ngakho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwesisekelo le mpi ngamafuphi ngaphambili, ukuvela inkinga yasePalestina lihlotshaniswa ukudalwa uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli.

Impi ye-1948-1949,

Ngakusasa ngemva isimemezelo ngesinqumo sika-Israyeli ukwakha insimu yayo ahlasela iSiriya, amasosha Iraq, iLebanon, Egypt futhi Transjordan. Inhloso yalezi amazwe Arab, ukuze ichithe kulo mbuso omusha. Inkinga asePalestina iye yaqhubeka iwohloka ngenxa izimo ezintsha. Ngo-May 1948, i-Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) yadalwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo hulumeni omusha isekela US. Unalokhu Juni 1948, u-Israyeli waqala ecasula. Impi yaphela kuphela ngo-1949 Phakathi nempi, Israeli-elawulwa West eJerusalema wazibonakalisa ingxenye enkulu ezindaweni Arab.

umkhankaso Suez ka 1956

Ngemva kwempi yokuqala, inkinga kumiswa wekuba sive asePalestina kanye nokubhekelelwa ngokuzijamela Arabhu ka-Israyeli alukapheli, kodwa iye yaqhubeka iwohloka.
Ngo-1956, Egypt uhulumeni lo Suez Canal. France, Britain aseqalile amalungiselelo ukusebenza, amandla main yesiteleka okwakukhona ukukhulula u-Israyeli. imisebenzi Military yaqala ngo-October 1956 kuzo eNhlonhlweni yaseSinayi. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, Israyeli elawulwa cishe yonke insimu yalo (kuhlanganise Sharm el-Sheikh futhi eGaza Strip). Lesi simo eye yabangela ukunganeliseki wase-USSR ne-USA. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1957 e-England nase-amabutho akwa-Israyeli wasuka esifundeni.

Ngo-1964, uMongameli waseGibhithe okuqaliswe ukusungulwa "Palestine Liberation Inhlangano" (PLO). Ngo-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA yayo ukuthi ukwahlukanisa of Palestine ibe izingxenye kuwukwephula umthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, PLO alimazanga nombuso wakwa-Israyeli.

I-Six Day impi

Juni 5, 1967 ezintathu emazweni Arab (Egypt, Jordan neSiriya) ngiyikhiphile amabutho abo ukuze imingcele ka-Israyeli, ivimbe indlela eya oLwandle Olubomvu Suez Canal. Amabutho kula mazwe abe inzuzo enkulu. Ngalo lolo suku, Israyeli umkhankaso "Operation Moked" futhi wathumela amasosha eGibhithe. Sekusele izinsuku (5 kuya 10 June) ngaphansi kokulawula kuka-Israyeli zaziyiminyaka zonke iSinayi, naseJerusalema, naseJudiya, iSamariya nakuzo zonke Golan Heights. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Syria naseGibhithe osolwa izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States ngokuba nesandla ezingxabanweni usohlangothini lukaIsrayeli. Nokho, lokhu nokucabanga ukuthi ngawo atholakala engenabufakazi.

"Impi Yom Kippur"

Inkinga-Israel isibe kwayibhebhethekisa emva eziyisithupha neMpi Day. IGibhithe bazama kaninginingi uphinde ukwazi ukulawula olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo YaseSinayi.
Ngo-1973, impi entsha. Okwesithupha Okthoba (noSuku Lokubuyisana ekhalendeni lamaJuda) Egypt yathuma amabutho phakathi iSinayi ebuthweni lezempi laseSiriya anazo le Golan Heights. IDF ephethwe alwisane kuhlasela futhi ngokushesha ukuba axoshe amayunithi Arab kusukela kulawo masimu. Isivumelwano ukuthula sasayinwa mhlaka-23 Okthoba (United States ne-Soviet Union umlamuleli ku zinkulumo).

Ngo-1979, isivumelwano esisha Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi Israyeli neGibhithe. Ngaphansi kokulawula kombuso wamaJuda wahlala eGaza Strip, laseSinayi is sibuyiselwe kumnikazi waso odlule.

"Ukuthula eGalile"

Injongo eyinhloko yawo nokuqedwa Israyeli, PLO ngempela kule mpi. Ngu 1982, PLO base ukwesekwa yasungulwa eningizimu Lebanon. On insimu yalo babelokhu shelling eGalile. Juni 3, 1982 umzamo amaphekula senziwe inxusa Israeli e-London.

Juni 5, IDF olwenziwe umsebenzi kuphumelele, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ohlangothini Arab anqotshwa. Israyeli wamnqoba Nokho, inkinga yasePalestina iye kakhulu zaba zimbi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa Ukuwohloka nombuso wamaJuda enkundleni ngamazwe.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa isiphetho obunokuthula ukungqubuzana ngo-1991

Inkinga asePalestina kwamaZwe ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile. Kuthinta izithakazelo emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise UK, France, i-USSR, USA nabanye.

Ngo-1991, lenkomfa Madrid okwenzeka, eklanyelwe ukuxazulula lolo dweshu Middle East. Abahleli balo babengabantu United States ne-Soviet Union. Imizamo yabo kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe Arab (amaqembu ukuba impi) owenza ukuthula nabantwana nombuso wamaJuda.

Ukuqonda okushiwo inkinga yasePalestina, e-United States ne-Soviet Union ahlinzekwa Israyeli bahoxe ezifundeni ezinabantu. Benza ukuqinisekisa amalungelo esisemthethweni abantu nokuvikeleka base-Palestina yokuba nombuso wamaJuda. Le ngqungquthela Madrid ubuhanjelwe okokuqala zonke izici ezingqubuzana Middle East. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuthi saveza ifomula izingxoxo esizayo, "ukuthula esenana ezindaweni".

Izingxoxo ku Oslo

Umzamo esilandelayo ukuxazulula lolo dweshu bebelokhu izinkulumo imfihlo phakathi amathimba ka-Israyeli futhi PLO, eyaqala ngo-August 1993 e-Oslo. UMlamuleli bakhuluma uNgqongqoshe Norwegian Wezindaba Zangaphandle. Israyeli kanye PLO yamemezela ukuqashelwa nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona wamuva uhlaziyo yokuqeda isigaba Charter, okudinga ukubhujiswa nombuso wamaJuda. Izingxoxo ezaholela ekumiseni kwe-ukungena ngemvume Washington we Declaration of Principles. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we Kucatshangwa ukwethulwa ukuzibusa e eGaza Strip ukuze esiyiminyaka engu-5.

Ngokuvamile, izingxoxo e Oslo akazange alethe nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Engakaze wamemezela ababaleki ezimele asePalestina ayikwazi ayobuyela endaweni lakubo lendabuko awuzange kuchazwa isimo eJerusalema.

Inkinga yasePalestina e-esigabeni samanje

Kusukela ekuqaleni ezimbili senkulungwane sika, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba sizame ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze axazulule inkinga yasePalestina. ezintathu isigaba uhlelo "Balazwe" yasungulwa ngo-2003. Wacabanga isiphetho okugcwele yokugcina ukungqubuzana Middle East ngo 2005. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ke kuhlelwe ukudala iphila kombuso wentando yenengi - Palestine. Le projekthi sivunyiwe zombili ukuba impi futhi ingakafundiseki isimo salo njengoba nje esisemthethweni nohlelo ukuze ixazululwe obunokuthula inkinga yasePalestina.

Nokho, kuze kube yilolu suku, le esifundeni ingenye kakhulu "alufakwa" emhlabeni. Inkinga nje kuphela uhlala ezingaxazululeki, kodwa futhi kakhulu esebenzisa isihluku njalo.