Coupler SA3 :, injongo, usayizi

Omunye amadivayisi ethandwa kakhulu uxhumano othomathikhi bese Ukukhipha sokuqanjwa ujantshi-enqoleni kuyinto coupler othomathikhi SA-3 imodeli. Kuyinto idivayisi esihlinzeka coupling futhi disengagement we esitimela nezimoto. Siyabonga kudivayisi yakho coupler othomathikhi SA-3 igcina izimoto kuleli uhla kwesokudla, uxhuma futhi elibahlukanisile futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uxhumane nabo ngaphandle kokulimaza Uhlaka enqoleni kakhulu coupler indlela.

aphoyintimenti indlela

Ukuze izakhiwo zesimanje ezidingekayo izimoto avtorastsepki futhi bamba zihlanganisa SA-3, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayeklanyelwe emuva ngo-1932. Idivayisi kuyinto zithandwa manje. Imfihlo yempumelelo iwukuthi umklamo yimpumelelo, elula nephumelelayo, kodwa futhi nokwethenjelwa kalula yokusetshenziswa nokunakekelwa.

Ngo izimoto zanamuhla epaki ujantshi izinqola zisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imiklamo kanye mission. Kukhona wezimpahla umgibeli. Futhi ukuhlukanisa nemibandela yabo ukusetshenziswa. Inani wezimoto amakhanda usebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi: umfutho high ukusetshenziswa, ngokweqile eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi lokushisa ukusebenza, ezokuthutha abantu wezimpahla phezu amafushane.

Lapho ukwanda encane kilometrage amandla ithuluzi lapho enza yokulayisha athula zokukhwabanisa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuba ezifanele ukusetshenziswa idivayisi sivumele ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo bamba disengagement izingxenye isitimela. Kuyinto kulezi amadivaysi futhi ingase ihlanganise le divayisi, njengoba uya khona, izici kanye SA3 coupler design ngokuphelele ukuhanjwa le njongo.

Shock-tugger - SA3 coupler kwenza:

• Ukuxhumana ngokuzenzekelayo lezimoto imithelela futhi deadlocks e coupling kokubonisa othomathikhi.
• Okuzenzakalelayo izinqola uncoupling kaloliwe okwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa onguchwepheshe, nokulonda divayisi isikhundla disengaged phambi coupler uzobe abahlukanisile.
• izingxenye Auto Buyela kudivayisi isikhundla yayo yasekuqaleni, okuvumela izimoto zifikelwa concatenate kubo bese uvala ukukhiya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, SA-3 coupler indlela evumela kabusha CONCATENATE coupler disengaged nemiyalezo ngaphandle dilution enqoleni isitimela. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa shunting, ie uma bafeza buhlungu edonsa ubuso aliholeli ubunye babo. Kuze mzuzu bamba CA-3 thatha elandelayo izikhundla isihlobo:

• amadivaysi e-eksisi ezibekwe phezu line efanayo;
• -eksisi sigudluke zibheka noma nendawo.

Lapho mpo Axial ukufuduka kungenziwa kubekezelelwe a esithwala izimpahla. -eksisi ukufuduka kwenzeka ukuba abe amamilimitha angu-100, kanti umgibeli Isitimela esinejubane kuze kube amamilimitha angu-50. Inani esiphezulu we Axial ovundlile offset ingeqi 175 mm. Kulezi displacements CA-3-eksisi umsebenzi coupler isezingeni eliphakeme futhi ephephile othomathikhi elihlangana izimoto ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwabo.

Umklamo coupler othomathikhi SA-3 imodeli

I coupler kudivayisi SA-3 zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye eziningana, okuyinto ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ungaphazanyiswa:

1. izingxenye umzimba futhi imininingwane indlela yokusebenza.
2. Shock-ngokugxilisa kudivayisi.
3. Okusalungiswa kudivayisi.
4. Kumisa.
5. Shayela i-uncoupling izimoto.

CA-3 coupler ukusebenza ngokuyikho kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kuzo zonke izingxenye indlela kanye inkatho isikhala eziyize e izindlu. Izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko zitholakala izingxenye umshini (ezibekwe ngalo ingaphakathi, okuthiwa ephaketheni):

• ukukhiya;
• umnikazi Ilokhi;
• siphakamise roller;
• Locksmith, phakamisa;
• fuse, okuvumela evikelekile kusukela samorastsepa ngokungenasizathu edonsa ubuso;
• umshudo.

Ngaphezu ihloko yehlangano kuba ifakwe i umsila side. Ubuye abe umgodi ukuze ikhaba, okuyinto uxhuma ngocingo traction futhi SA3 coupler. Esikhathini isikhundla exhunyiwe mshini, okuyinto ahlelwe ezinqoleni eduze kukhona nabo nomunye by projecting kusukela elachitheka (kulesi sigaba phakathi kwamazinyo ezinkulu nezincane), abanikazi kanye ikhiye yokuvala.

Kule ndaba, kungaba ngokubhuduzela ngokuthi isimo SA3 coupler amadivayisi kuncike operation esitebeleni futhi ungaphazanyiswa of yonke idivaysi iyonke.

Ubukhulu nesisindo SA-3 coupler

Coupler has nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• Ubukhulu SA3 coupler 1130 x 421 x 440 mm.
• Isisindo SA-3 coupler zingaba phakathi 207,18 kuya 215 kg. Lokhu kuncike kudivayisi umdvwebo.

Ubukhulu kokubonisa okuzenzakalelayo kwenza kube kudivayisi ngempela enemisebenzi okuyinto ngokulinganayo awunankinga yokwenze kokubili yizimpahla nomgibeli izitimela.

Ithuthukele SA3 coupler

Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili-we kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye eRussia acale kusebentisa coupling ethuthukisiwe othomathikhi SA-3. Design kanye nokusebenza coupler othomathikhi SA-3 zihlala zinjalo, kodwa Idizayini ethuthukisiwe. Kudivayisi lithole kubakaki ezimbili ukuvimbela izingcezu falling usike gibela okufutshane komzila. Ukuwa kwe-izingxenye kuholela umonakalo ka umcibisholo noma ukuwa kwengoma.

Ngakho, kanye sesimanje bese ukhulisa izinga sokuphepha imodeli entsha. Kodwa akupheleli lapho ezaziletha emisha. Ibanga ukunakekelwa run of elisanda lithathelwe kwaba 1 million amakhilomitha. Same ubudala SA3 coupler injongo nezici inama amakhilomitha 200,000 kuphela. Njengoba sazi ukuthi ukuphepha kanye wokulondoloza kuzo zonke ukulungiswa ivukile, amamodeli ubudala ngokushesha kakhulu waqala decommission. Nokho, i-aphoyntimenti bese-SA-3 coupler divayisi version yayo yasekuqaleni ziye zaba ingxenye umlando Railways amaSoviet nasemakamu aseRussia.

Amaphutha SA3 coupler

SA3 coupler enenani elithile zezinkinga akakwazi ukwenza ngokugcwele imisebenzi yabo:

• izingxenye ukwa indlela futhi microcrack unit.
• Contour ukuthuthukiswa umsebenzi evele, fuses eziphukile isandiso pharynx.
• Roller, okuyinto engakaze eqoshiwe ekuweni, fixed elingalungile noma okungezona ezijwayelekile indlela roller, kanye ukungezwakali kwawo.
• Zokugwema ukuphuka of nesigaxa noma roller traction ngocingo. Ngukuqhuma kule nhlonhlo, futhi ngocingo traction roller.
• Crack futhi (noma) i ngokugxilisa evulekile ngemishayo ukumiswa pendular. Engafanele efakwe pendulum ukumiswa.
• Atypical nhlonhlo roll noma roller, uma izingxenye collar traction.
• emapheshana zokugwema noma ukwakheka imifantu kuwo.

Injongo iwukuba silondoloze traction wayibhinca ngocingo, ubakaki futhi actuator umnikazi ngoba uncoupling, Izinyawo pin ipuleti abutment noma izitobhi ngokwabo. Bent ukukhululwa isigwedlo ubuye ezinkulu ukungasebenzi SA3 coupler.

Okungenhla kukhona amaphutha main. Nge khona kwalezi amaphutha elihlangana othomathikhi kuyinto azizifanelekeli ukusetshenziswa, njengoba ukusebenza kwawo esitebeleni kuyoba umbuzo omkhulu. Ukuqeda ngetincenye engaphelele wathumela ukuze lilungiswe. Labo izingxenye ukuthi sezigugile evele ukusebenza, angeke kwalungisa futhi zithathelwe indawo ezintsha.

Kulokhu, kungase kube nezinye izinkinga kanye nokusuka kusukela kuyinsakavukela. ukubukeka wabo ngokwanele adhesion ubuso futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi isitimela uncoupled. Uma uneminye backlash kanye ngeziphambeko ngenhla evamile elihlangana othomathikhi is phansi ukulungisa ngokushesha. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kuyinto usongo empilweni izitimela umgibeli.

izici Comparative autohitches CA-3 futhi CAKv

Ngeminyaka yoma zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili zaziphawuleka ngokungabi yokuthi kuyisiqalo coupler entsha esezingeni okuhloswe ukuqeqesha European Union okuthunyelwe. Enye intuthuko - CAKv phathelana kabanzi ngokwanele, hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi izitimela Russian.

CAKv eyasungulwa ngesisekelo iSA-3 futhi kuyahambisana ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa Soviet. Nokho, kunomehluko version German we izinyo enkulu ifakwe i kwelivi ezingezelelweko engena slot ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalesi elihlangana we okuxekethile uthola ezinzima.

Tough elihlangana efanayo ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma nezixhumi kagesi wazihlephula imigqa. CAKv esetshenziselwa yokuxhuma namakalishi izitimela enkulu nempahla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igiya Helical asetshenziswe SA-3 akakwazi ukuthi singamelana nokucindezela sokuqanjwa wezimpahla.

Amazwe lapho esetshenziswa SA3 coupler

Naphezu yayo 'zihlaba' ubudala, owakheke ngayo nosebenza ngayo coupler othomathikhi SA-3 eziningi wanelisekile, luseyintandokazi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe ama-Arabhu, ezifana Iran nase-Iraq. Futhi coupler SA3 zingatholakala ku kwezitimela eMongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, eBelarus, eLatvia, eLithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Finland, Sweden neRussia.

Kule-version Russian ifakwe kubakaki ezengeziwe, okuyinto ukuvimbela coupler ukuhlukanisa ku ojantshi. Ngokusetshenziswa izinto zokuzivikela Iningi lezingozi kanye ujantshi izingozi, lwaphuka imbangela okuyinto off ucezu coupler, zawa ngaphansi amasondo isitimela, ke unqabe kakhulu.

Incazelo izifinyezo CA-3

CA-3 Isifinyezo elihunyushwe ngokuthi iSoviet coupler othomathikhi, inketho lwesithathu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemva indalo yayo, ngo-1935, waqala ukuhumusha lonke ujantshi ezokuthutha wase-USSR kwi imodeli entsha zedivayisi. Ngokugcwele inguqulelo laqedwa ngo-1957.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenkathi adaptha lalisetshenziswa uhlobo neketanga ezimbili abaphuma. Idivayisi endaweni metallic lapho izingcezu ezimbili abangu ashiselwe chain. Corner ukukhwezwa ku-CA-3 elachitheka, kahle uchungechunge sprinkles hook ashiselwe a elihlangana isikulufa. Ngalesi isici bakwazi ukuxhuma ngezimoto ezindala futhi elihlangana ifakwe SA3 coupler.

Dala i-CA-3 kuba lula ukuphila shunter. Inhloso SA3 coupler kudivayisi ovunyelwe ukunciphisa imisebenzi yakhe ngaphambi nokuhlanganiswa imikhono ukuqinisekisa unyathela amabhuleki kanye nezintambo zikagesi.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

coupler SA3 has design ngokwanele ethandwa ukuthi sonke isikhathi ukhona, umise ngokwaso njengoba into okunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine ukuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ukhiphe namakalishi.

Injongo CA-3 kuyinto coupler uxhumano kanye Ukukhipha izakhi kweqa, kanye, izici zayo ayevumele shunter ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo elihlangana kanye uncoupling zenzeka njengoba kufanele. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuba khona coupler ngathatha eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana lesi sici:

• SA-3 yasungulwa ngo-1932 e-USSR. Abaklami Soviet sebelithathile njengesisekelo elihlangana othomathikhi, ekhiqizwa e-United States (Willison othomathikhi elihlangana uhlelo), ithuthukiswe ngo-1910, futhi cishe amdale version yasekhaya. Futhi liye kabusha yakhelwe ukubandakanyeka nentaba. Ngo-CA-3 West kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "elihlangana othomathikhi Russian" noma "elihlangana othomathikhi Willison nge iluphu Russian".
• Ngezinye okungalungile Ukukhipha coupler CA-3 kufanele uphushe Induku yokuzidla steel ngesikhathi umgodi esithile, lapho kuhlelwe izindlu zalo. izingxenye indlela izoba isikhundla kokuqala, kahle futhi coupler othomathikhi ukuba esixhunyiwe.
• Avtostsepochny Castle iza isignali neseleko. Uyena protrusion, okuyinto kungabonakala phansi idivayisi, inqobo nje uma i-lock ivuliwe. Lapho isisebenzi ezikhethekile ezitimeleni inkonzo uhlola coupler ngamunye, kusho inqubo, ifunda ukuthi izimoto uncoupled komunye nomunye.
• Njengoba yaziwa, elihlangana othomathikhi ifakwe idivayisi esiningi, idivayisi olubamba umthelela futhi ivikela Uhlaka ishayela kanye railcar izingxenye coupler indlela ekubhujisweni. Nokho esitimela nedivayisi motovoznye SA3 coupler hhayi ifakwe idatha. Into wukuthi phezu esitimela Uhlaka kanye motovoznoy aphansi kungekho isikhala ukuthi lento.
• Le nguqulo Polish kwegama SA-3 coupler - ". Isibhakela uBrezhnev sika"
• Ngo 1898 kwaphakama umbuzo mayelana nokuthuma we coupler othomathikhi kwi nojantshi Russian. Omunye khetho kwaba American Janney coupler. Kodwa umqondo yashiywa dengwane. Ngenxa kungathembeki womklamo version American, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba ukhethe olufanele ekhona amalungiselelo kazwelonke ukwethulwa elihlangana okuzenzakalelayo kokubonisa othomathikhi nezimoto uncoupling lihlehliselwe isikhathi esingaziwa.
• Soviet coupler okuzenzakalelayo (indlela yesithathu) isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela emazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ezifana Poland, Finland, Norway Sweden kanye. CAKv okufushane yaseYurophu kwakuncike futhi athuthukiswe okusekelwe SA-3, okuyinto intuthuko encane iphindwa isakhiwo coupler yasekhaya. Kodwa ngokungafani yasekhaya, wezangaPhandle nokwenzeka elihlangana ngesandla esiqinile, okuyinto edingekayo ukuxhuma izinqola nowesitimela esithwala izimpahla.
• Izindleko isilinganiso entsha SA-3 ruble 10 500. Ukulungisa we lokubolekwa amadivayisi zokhahlamba kusuka ruble 300 1000. Ngoba ngesikhathi esifanele ukulungisa coupler ungagcina impela isizumbulu semali.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta imiphumela ngenhla, kuyafaneleka ukuthi SA-3 coupler othomathikhi - idivayisi ngokwanele okunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine elikuvumela ukuba afeze avtorastsepku futhi elihlangana izimoto. Kulokhu, isimo amadivayisi sokukhula: akumelwe igugile izingxenye, izingxenye eziphukile mshini nokusasamba ecaleni kanye imininingwane indlela. Esimeni SA-3 ithunyelwa ukulungisa iphutha. Uma idivayisi ezigugile, ke lashintsha laba entsha.

SA3 coupler yasungulwa emuva ngo-1932 ngesisekelo American elihlangana othomathikhi Willison. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaklami Soviet ngumnikazi design ngobuhlakani circuit elihlangana, okuyiwona SA-3 coupler wabizwa ngokuthi "Russian coupler okuzenzakalelayo".

Usuke ukuze elihlangana othomathikhi waqala ngo-1935. Nakuba usebenzisa idivaysi inguqulelo evumela ukuxhuma izinqola ifakwe couplers isampula ezintsha nezindala. Ekugcineni ushintsho yaphela ngo-1957. Ekuqaleni amabili senkulungwane SA-3 ukuthi ingasebenza modified. Umklamo coupling babe kubakaki ekhethekile ukusiza ukuvikela kujantshi ekuweni phezu kwakhe izingcezu baye aphulwa kusukela elihlangana. Ukuvikelwa ngendwangu, esikhundleni salokho, kuvimbela ukwehluleka imicibisholo, kanye kunciphisa amathuba ingozi okuholela isitimela ingozi ngokuphelele. elihlangana Ithuthukele asetshenziswe izitimela ezazithwele imikhiqizo uwoyela, kanye isitimela umgibeli.

elihlangana okuzenzakalelayo SA-3 ngokwanele eyaziwayo eYurophu. Kubangelwe nokwethenjelwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba siphawulile, esekelwe Soviet coupler othomathikhi idaliwe izibonelo eziningi ezincwadini angaphandle leli cebo.

Ngakho, isiphetho ukuthi SA-3, wadala emuva ngo-1932, lingaphezu kuka-ongasebenza engaba yishumi noma engamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu. Phela, nokwethenjelwa design kulinganisiwe hhayi kuphela nokwenza kwayo, kodwa futhi idumela lihle neminyaka njalo couplers othomathikhi nezitimela rastsepok.

Kodwa naphezu ukuthandwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuba esikhundleni SA-3 bafika CA-4 - it has a design yesimanje kakhulu futhi ngamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa ngengxenye yesithathu CA-4 ine ukuphila anda run ukunakekelwa (200 000 ubude eyesithathu ngokumelene esigidini emakhilomitha CA-4).

Futhi, yesine kuba lula futhi iyashelela kuneyokuqala. Naphezu kwavela coupler neliphelele kunalelo SA-3 namanje wandile, kubangelwe eqolo kancane, uma kuqhathaniswa CA-4. SA-3 namanje omunye ethandwa kakhulu couplings othomathikhi.