Engine ZMZ-410: Ukucaciswa, incazelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Zavolzhye Engine Plant, okuyinto yasungulwa emuva ngo-1958, kuye kwaveza angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15 izinjini. Motors enikeziwe Ulyanovsk futhi Gorky Pavlovsk Bus Plant. Phakathi motors zavezwa ZMZ-410. Le yunithi amandla, okuyinto ogibele izimoto ne permeability okusezingeni eliphezulu, has a izici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ake sibheke design main izici, emihle nemibi imoto 410-th.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

ZMZ-410 - a kabusha 402-th. Kugcine eyaziwa ngokuba alula, ukuthembeka ukusebenza futhi zidinga yesondlo sakugcina. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi injini akasebenzi, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuthuthukisa ngaphezulu yesimanje amandla plant ukuthi kungaba njengoba okunokwethenjelwa. Yingakho ZMZ-410 Ukwakhiwa iyafana motor 402 mu.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo onjiniyela zibekelwa inselele ukwandisa umthamo we amandla iyunithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sisungule iyunithi entsha ZMZ-410 amasilinda okusemathinini. Okuphawulekayo iqiniso lokuthi izinto block - aluminium ingxubevange, a se cast iron acindezelwe kuwo. Futhi, onjiniyela kufanele kabusha piston ukuma eziningana. Esikhathini sonke lesi design motor kufana 402 imodeli powertrain ZMZ.

Imininingwane ZMZ-410

Umthamo uMbhalo 410 kuyinto 2,89 amalitha. Ngakho amandla ayo okuzisholo - 96 amahhashi at crankshaft isivinini - 3500 rev / imiz .. torque engu Maximum kufinyelelwa at a imvamisa ukujikeleza we crankshaft 2500 obakhathalelayo. / min kuyinto 201 Nm. Eqinisweni, lena zakudala ezine-irowu, okungasekelwe zihlukaniswa khona iyiphi frills design.

Kits, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ukugeleza anda ukwandisa amandla. Abafakaza kule motor 100 mm piston unhlangothi obuphelele - 92 mm. Ezisetshenzisiwe ukusatshalaliswa igesi indlela OHV nge valve ezimbili isilinda ngayinye. Umbuzo kohlelo umjovo ngesikhathi awuhambanga, ngakho bahlanganise yangaphakathi omlilo injini carburetor K-151TS. ukuphila inkonzo motor imayelana 200,000 amakhilomitha maqondana nesondlo ngesikhathi esifanele, izinga Lubrication, futhi ukungabi khona imithwalo anda.

imodeli yimpumelelo

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngokuvamile, imodeli zaphumela yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngemva ukusebenza izinjini ZMZ-410 ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwakukuhle kakhulu. injini Carbureted ne pin Kwabiwa isikhathi eside le ukuthungela wahlinzwa njengengxenye iqembu UAZ izimoto. Factory Motor ukuqokwa - ZMZ4104.10.

Ukuphumelela kwalo imodeli kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngenxa sonke isikhathi yasungulwa mayelana 15 ukushintshwa kwalo mbuso iyunithi. Kuye ikhasimende izinkomba motor okwengeziwe usetha izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, ezifana namanzi amaphampu, izinzwa, nokunye. N. Uma kudingeka, akwazi esikhundleni imizuzu 410 ngesikhathi UMP-421 ngaphandle kwengxenye. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwazeke ukuthi izinga lokwakha Zavolzhsky injini isitshalo lingaphezulu kakhulu kunezinye Ulyanovsk. Nakuba kungenzeka, lokhu kwaba ngokuqondile kuphela zalolu hlobo locingo.

kafushane Isondlo

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade ngenhla, motor ulula kuhleliswa, zihlukaniswa linokwethenjelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, i-eside ukusebenza ngaphandle ukulungiswa ezinkulu kumele zithobele eziningi izincomo umenzi:

• ekushintsheni uwoyela injini zonke amakhilomitha 10 000, futhi usethe ukuhlunga okusha uwoyela;
• ukulungiswa valve zonke amakhilomitha 15 000, i-ukuthungela izikhala valve qeda - 0,4-0,45 mm, ukuze itheku we amasilinda lokuqala neyesine - 0.35-0.40, wesibili nowesithathu - 0,4-0,45 mm ;
• ehlola isimo lwezimpawu uwoyela crankshaft, kubalulekile ukwenza indawo gaskets uma kunesidingo.

Njengoba ubona, ukugcinwa injini kuyehla kube izinyathelo kahle elula ambalwa. Lokhu sisaqhubeka nokuzama kuyinto ngempela eshibhile futhi kuyashesha. Uma isimo sakho sihambelana nemibandela nalezi zimfuneko, kungenzeka kakhulu bandise nokuphila motor. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okungezona ukuhambisana ne zokukhokha zokulawula umsebenzi ukulungiswa futhi esikhundleni lamafutha kungaholela inkonzo nokuphila esincishisiwe yangaphakathi omlilo injini kanye ukuhoxiswa ekuqaleni kokubusa kwayo ukuze kulungiswe.

ZMZ-410: libuyekeza abashayeli

Abashayeli abaningi kuqhathaniswa imodeli 410-th Zavolzhsky futhi 421 th Ulyanovsk. Kaningi, abashayeli akakwazi ukunquma ngokuthe okukhethayo. Futhi ngempela, ukuba makudle omunye amandla iyunithi kunzima ngempela. Phela, ngamunye wabo bobabili ngebuhle nebubi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, UMP-421. Kuyinto ezishibhile ephezulu torque engu injini ezinzulwini ndlala camshaft. It has nezihibe, isibonelo, ukuntuleka imikhono.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo imizuzu 410 - inketho ezibizayo, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukuthenga. Lokhu motor okusemathinini nge ukupakisha ndlala esikhundleni. Futhi 410 th ziphindeke 421 th. Ngokuvamile, abashayeli ngokwethukela Ephendukela ZMZ-injini. Ngokuqinisekile linezinkinga zalo, kodwa eziqinile yangaphakathi omlilo engine, okuyinto ngempela ezishibhile ukuze nendlela yokulondoloza futhi ukulungisa. Ngakho uma kufanele ngikhethe phakathi UMP-421 futhi ZMZ-410, unganqikazi makudle lakamuva.

I eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa eziyisisekelo futhi izixazululo zabo

"Okungalapheki Izifo" 410-th akanayo. Nokho, nge mileage okwandisa avele zonke izinhlobo izikhathi edabukisayo. Cabanga amaphutha ejwayelekile kanye nezimbangela zabo:

• Knock futhi umsindo ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwe-amandla iyunithi. Ngesikhathi it is hhayi Lungisa ezishisayo izikhala valve uhlelo isikhathi, futhi ukukhubazeka kungenzeka noma yokuxhuma induku amabombo we camshaft.
• injini Ukwandiswa vibration. Ungase udinge ulungise ukuthungela noma silinganisa indlela crank. Kukhona futhi ezinye izici uhlelo ukuthungela.
• Okweqile yenjini. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa bagibele isikhundla ngasese thermostat, ishubhu emoyeni ohlelweni Ukupholisa noma ukungasebenzi futha amanzi.

Ngokuvamile, abashayeli wabhekana ncamashi lezi zinkinga ukuthi ngokuvamile iqhubeka kokwenza ukulungiswa ezincane. Kwezinye izimo, kukhuphuke uwoyela ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lo ukugxusha ageleza. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuba ahlole njalo, okungcono igrisi ngamunye esikhundleni ohlelweni injini.

Indlela umthamo amandla iyunithi

Sesixoxile kakade ngemibhalo nawe izici lobuchwepheshe yenjini ZMZ-410. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, lokhu injini has 98 amahhashi. Lena yi kuhle ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa powertrains. Kodwa kungenzeka ukwandisa isibalo "amahhashi" ukuze mayelana 120. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo Akudingi izinguquko eziphawulekayo. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela ukwenza a izinyathelo ezilula ezimbalwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala kwandisa uma liqhathaniswa nezibani carburetor kuya ku-30 mm. Khona setha nezinye camshaft. Ungasebenzisa ucezu "Edo injini 35 'noma efanayo. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina cocurrent efakwe qeda ipayipi nge ububanzi efanayo bonke ubude bayo.

Ngemva ezifana izinguquko ezincane bengathola cishe 20% amandla angeziwe. Kuphethe imisebenzi enjalo kuyafaneleka kakhulu, ngoba izindleko Tuning okunjalo akukhona eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi umphumela kuyoba obonakalayo. Kungenzeka ahambe phambili futhi, ngokushintsha ukuphakama ikhanda isilinda, ukwandisa zlib isilinganiso yenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho Tuning akulungile ngoba zibiza zezimali. Setha compressor noma ephendulwa kuphela uma ushintsho kusukela carburetor kuya injector, futhi lokhu kudinga inani elikhulu kwengxenye.

Kufanele Ngithatha leli injini?

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, okwamanje ZMZ-410 ayitholakali. Noma kunjalo, indlela ezifana UAZ, futhi ukufakwa ebhasini lokhu powerplant ukulingana kahle. Yiqiniso, manje kukhona izinjini ukonga nethembekile. Kodwa ukuzilondoloza futhi yokondla abiza ezibizayo nokunye okuningi. Yingakho ZMZ-410 ingasetshenziswa embonini yezolimo. He is linesizotha, ibusa cishe noma yikuphi fuel futhi kuyaqabukela iphula. Futhi uma kwenzeka, kungashiwo Nokho kwalungisa endle, ngolwazi oluthile.

Yiqiniso, lapha kukhona nemibi, ezifana buthaka piston izikhonkwane. Iqiniso lokuthi abaklami kwandise pistons-100 mm, futhi iminwe zisesenjalo. Ngakho ngezinye izikhathi besephula phansi imithwalo eliphezulu. Kulokhu, mhlawumbe ngisho nokubhujiswa unit.

Kufinyeta

imodeli 410-mina yenjini ZMZ has enokwethenjelwa, mazombezombe futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu isisetshenziswa ngokwanele. Uma ngesikhathi ukusevisa injini, kuyobe sekuba i-amakhilomitha 200,000, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukwenza ukulungiswa ezinkulu ngamandla iyunithi. Lolu hlobo sokubuyiselwa izobiza ruble elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10 000.

Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor ezifana nalezi emadolobheni amakhulu akwamukeleki. Le yunithi amandla singahlangabezani zokunakekelwa kwemvelo kwe-European. Ukungabikho Converter okhanda amanye amathuba kuholela eziyingozi qeda amagesi zingcolisa indawo esizungezile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu elula, ukusetshenziswa kwalo buchwepheshe kuvumeleke ngaphandle emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngokuvamile ZMZ-410 asetshenziswa imishini yezolimo ngobuningi Lesisemkhatsini. Kwezinye izimo, lo mbuso iyunithi efakwe kwi amabhasi namaloli amancane.