Rifle kweMpi Yezwe II. Izikhali ezincane. Trehlineyka Mosin

Kuthathwa, onesandla ukukhanya mlando Soviet ukuthi izindimbane yobuNazi ihlasela iSoviet Union ngo-1941, ehlome ngokuphelele izibhamu, cishe njalo, cishe njalo amasosha Wehrmacht kusukela isenzibude mbumbulu bakhe "Schmeiser". Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi e Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, ngemva ukuhlolisisa amaqiniso, kwakungekhona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Okokuqala, umshini German wabizwa ngokuthi, kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa noma MR.38 MR.40 okwesibili, H. Schmeiser umklami awuzange athuthukiswe futhi yethulwa kuleli design yakhe izinguquko eziningi (kuhlanganise ngesidunu ngokhuni) ekudaleni ephezulu izinga nokuhlanganisa isibhamu, okuyinto wathola igama layo, futhi kwaba kamuva. Futhi okwesithathu, isikhali eyinhloko efunwa amaRoma amaNazi phakathi impi yayibangela sokuzingela sasivumela enamandla Mauser Gewehr-98. Uma ufunda ngokucophelela archival amavidyo ayehlasela sikhathi, kungabonwa, kanye nezinqola zamahhashi okuthiwa ama-, siyisigaba main uhlobo ezokuthutha amaJalimane. I iRed Army BakaJehova balulama mayelana efanayo. Trehlineyka Mosin sebhande ngendwangu ukuthi ukhuluma imbongi Tvardovsky, wakhonza khona ngokwethembeka lokhokho eminyakeni engamashumi ezinhle.

Mauser: prototype nokuthuthukiswa

Hitler kwaba olandelanayo. Wahamba yezwe yokuqala, futhi nakuba ezinye wokuphila kwakhe agudlisela izimo kunalokho ukwazi kokuthola Iron Cross, kwempi esizayo "sokudumisa abantu German" kwakusadingeka. Akazange ngempela izinga izikhali compact, futhi wacabangela engcono Mauser izikhali umklami emhlabeni, abaye wakwazi ukwakha isibonelo akunakuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, isibhamu laseJalimane weMpi Yezwe II cishe okufanayo, abeenqwelo amasosha aseJalimane kanye Austro-Hungarian Empire e 1914-1918, nezinguquko design ezincane. prototype kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe Gew.71, akhiwa abafowethu uWilliam iPeter-Paul Mauser, njengoba kusobala index ngo-1871. Kwakukhona entsha, amaphethini eziphambili ( "88", "89", "92" futhi "94"), ikhumbula imibono for ngcono izici ivela lempi. Ekugcineni, wonke yalezi zinguquko zazibonakala yokugcina "Mauser" e '71. Kwakuwusuku isibhamu ezinkulu kakhulu-German kweMpi Yezwe II.

Umlando mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin wacabanga ezithuthukayo ezingaphezu, nokuthi kwabasiza. Machines eU.SSR yadalwa izikhathi 6 ezingaphezu kuka eJalimane lobuNazi (esibalelwa ezigidini ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha komunye). Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ezivamile izikhali ezincane ukunakwa ingakhokhwa. Were ukuthuthukiswa onobuhle omusha, zahlolwa ezimweni ukulwa (futhi babengenayo: Khalkhin Igoli, Karelian Isthmus), kuchazwa emihle nemibi. Kodwa, Isimanga siwukuthi, isikhali best of the iRed Army wahlala trehlineyka Mosina, eyasungulwa phakathi nokubusa. Kwaba okuthembekile, kulula ukhiqiza ezahlukene inhlanganisela elijabulisayo kakhulu idatha Tactical futhi technical ne lula yokusingatha.

Uneziqu umlando eyaqala kudala njengoba sixties kwekhulu elidlule. Khona-ke ibutho Russian wayedinga izikhali ezincane ezintsha, futhi le nkinga iqale ixazululwe unsystematically. Khona-ke, ngo-1892, umncintiswano kwamenyezelwa lapho ubumnandi, zifuna ababezoba oda inzuzo enkulu, izinkampani eziningi wathatha ingxenye: ". Revolver" Austria "Mannlicher" Danish "Kragh-Iorgensen" Belgian Angazi uhlale eceleni futhi gunsmith Russian S. I. Mosin. Ekugcineni wathola isampuli yasekhaya, nakuba design umlobi wayo kwadingeka ukuba ngenze izinguquko ezithile, eboleka kubo encintisana.

Mauser carbine German

Umqondo Umklamo ekupheleni XIX armourers ekhulwini wasebenza mayelana siye ohlangothini olufanayo. Uhlolojikelele sokuzingela Gew.98 wembula kancane isibindi wamavukelambuso. Ingabe circuit ingalo fuse entsha, futhi pyatipatronny esitolo usayizi compact ngenxa ezimbili irowu ilungiselelo nezinhlamvu. By the way, amandla we umnikazi ezihlongozwayo ukwandisa ukuze ngamacala ayisikhombisa noma eziyishumi, kodwa izisebenzi jikelele German wanquma ukuthi kunalokho ezinhlanu. Mauser igobolondo abazalwane wadala bebodwa, ukunakekela marketing "okudlekayo", futhi ekuthuthukiseni izici zawo (usayizi 7.92 x 57). Ekukhunjulwa bladed, unikezwe uhla up 2 km. Futhi-ke, i-insabule ibe cutlass, kodwa futhi inikeza nezinye izinhlobo.

Njengoba igama "mbutho", ke cishe akuzange kushintshe lutho ngaphandle indlela wayibhinca ukukhweza.

umklamo Mosin

kwebalingisi isakhi le Mosin sokuzingela lulonke lusesimweni azihlukile kakhulu incazelo Analogue German. Calibre emigqeni emithathu (0.3 '') kwaba Russian ejwayelekile emgqonyeni obuphelele (calibers ezingaphezu kwekhulu). Gcina ebhokisini neotemny, umthamo wayo - cartridges ezine. Lingatshajwa Kwenziwa ngesandla, shutter longitudinally ngokuhambisa hlobo. Fuse kuyinto elula kakhulu futhi original ngesiRashiya: ukuze ugweme osenyameni ngephutha kufanele ziyasiqhumisa futhi niguquke axis awo, bese lo mgadli ayikwazanga hit primer. Ukubona kwadingeka abanye abambalwa ngokunemba Samandla sibonga izikhundla zawo ezimbili. Isinyathelo esikalini ngasinye - kwamamitha angu-200.

amazwi Special ifanelwe insabule, okuyinto ayenendawo ngezibhamu Soviet kweMpi Yezwe II. Yena wayengumbulali ezine emaceleni flat-tip (ingasetshenziswa njengendlela ithuluzi phakathi disassembly). Kwakwethusa: i Amanxeba abangelwa kubo onqenqemeni, ngokushesha wavuma, futhi ukopha zangaphakathi iphutha. Russian insabule faceted ngokukhamba kwesikhathi iyawenqabela mihlangano yezizwe.

Ngemva 1939 amabutho efika yesimanje Mosin sokuzingela, babengafani prototype abanye tesakhiwo, Nokho, kuyinto engasho lutho. Ushintshe i lozhevyh izindandatho, izindlela kokungathembeki ashaya futhi ramrod, futhi kufakwe kabusha emehlweni benza imethrikhi.

Kwamanye amazwe

Hhayi kuphela kumazwe ezimbili eziyinhloko ezilwayo, kodwa nakuwo wonke umhlaba ezihlobene izinhlobo okuzenzakalelayo (ke ngokuyinhloko ngesibhamu submachine) kwaba uqaphele. Rearmament required utshalomali omkhulu, futhi umphumela akekho ozokwazi ukubikezela. Hit ukunemba kwawo nokuthi unezinto esingazethemba models entsha bangabaza, Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlola edingekayo ukwandisa amabhajethi ukuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba sobala ukuthi njengoba umthwalo eside eyalo isosha ziyoba nkulu nakakhulu, ngoba zonke lezi imishini musa adala imizuliswano. Izibhamu ezinkulu kakhulu iMpi Yezwe II enziwa, ngaphandle iSoviet Union neJalimane, e-United States ( "Springfield" futhi "Garand"), UK ( "Lee-Enfield"), e-Italy (Mk mina № 4) kanye e-Japan ( "Arisaka") . Bonke babe ngebuhle nebubi, kodwa ngokuvamile, wazibonakalisa ngempela alinganayo. A contender main babe gunsmiths Soviet nesiJalimane.

Okuzenzakalelayo ABC-36

Izibhamu lezi ngezibhamu abizwa ngokuthi ngenxa isiqu yabo ukusikeka, ukudala torque engu ichibi elithiwa ngenxa has a ukuphambuka ezincane, ukhatshana lelitshe. Izikhali ezicini zonke ezinhle, kodwa nenqwaba amasampula njengoba iRed Army kanye Wehrmacht, kwakunenkinga ethile abalulekile - Izinga eliphansi. Ngemva shot fighter kwadingeka baphendukezele umshudo ukuthumela elinye icala ekamelweni, futhi kwakuthatha isikhathi esiyigugu. Rifle 7,62 Simonov usukumise, utsatse e ngonyaka ka-1936, kwadingeka isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuqhathaniswa ne trehlineykoy, - ke possessed samovzvodom ezisebenza igesi amandla Propellant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubopha nomlomo, ukunciphisa umthelela, ngcono ukunemba hits. Nokho, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinzuzo, imfucuza izinhlamvu zilulaza izici ukulwa kwezikhali, futhi esitolo 15 kwandisa cartridges isisindo. Umyalo athambekele ekusebenziseni umbono zibheke esikhundleni ABC-36 isibonelo esiphelele.

uhlelo Self-ukulayisha Tokarev SVT-38

Design Tokarev SVT-38 semi-automatic umugqa umqondo kunokuba isibhamu sohlobo lwe-othomathikhi. Kuqhathaniswa ABC-36 yena kuqhathaniswa kahle enkulu sextant ububanzi, kalula ngcono nokugcinwa, kodwa, ngeshwa, wazibonakalisa nzima kakhulu futhi ezingezwakali. Ikakhulukazi kulezi ukukhubazeka wabonakala ngesikhathi impi ebusika lapho ukwehluleka njalo okushisa aphansi. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isampuli wakhishwa ukukhiqizwa ngo-1940, Tokarev SVT-38 ngakhonza iminyaka silwa ayehlasela undlovukayiphikiswa. Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu esetshenziswa lapho ukunemba kubaluleke ngaphezu nokwethenjelwa.

Okulandelayo Design Tokarev SVT-40

Amaphutha isakhiwo SVT-38 ngakwazi ukubona kancane isuswe imodeli olandelayo ngo-1940. Nge Abaklami besiyoba sikhulu futhi ukhuluphele ezilwiwa ngabantu Drilling izimbobo kanye ushona facets lapho kwakunokwenzeka. SVT-40 liye laba trehlineyki ngisho kulula, kodwa eliphansi kuya eliphezulu, amasosha akhe phezulu - esingazethemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi nayo ukuqeqeshwa lobuchwepheshe abasebenzi iningi iRed Army uvinjelwe amasevisi afanele izikhali kuqhathaniswa eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqonda futhi ezixhugayo. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwakhe igama SVT-40 ezitholakala amayunithi ekhethekile yakhelwe labadubuli eqondile. Lizokuthola makangazami engcono sniper sokuzingela, kodwa ngempela ehloniphekile. "Isiqu 'ngalunye lunamandla uhlamvu yayo, futhi uhlamvu, futhi uma umhlaseli lo wayesebenzisana nomufi abanamakhono, yena waba ngokushesha szhivaetsya enezikhali zawo, ukuze ulungise kuso futhi zathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Semiautomatic AVT-40

ukukhiqizwa umshini kuyabiza ngaphezu isibhamu. Ngaphambi kwempi, futhi ekuqaleni kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho Tokarev wenza esiphambanweni njengoba kwakubonakala okungcono. Fighter, ehlome sokuzingela AVT-40 kungenzeka nomlilo isibhamu esisodwa futhi Ukuvutha. Isitolo wawusegunjini imizuliswano eziyishumi. Nokho, maduze nje kwacaca ukuthi umamukeli azikwazi ukumelana ukushaqeka isikhathi eside futhi umlilo uvinjelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Inzuzo enkulu isampuli kwenzakala engenamsebenzi, nayo yonke eminye izinkomba isampuli ayithelanga isibhamu Mosin.

Izikhali lokudutshulwa Soviet ...

Kukhona isigaba ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane, nokubhalwa okuyinto zonke izici evamile amasampuli ngobuningi zigwenywe. Inhloso esemqoka umklami wukuqinisekisa ikhono uthole umcibisholo kwesokudla ibanga on target. Ukunemba iyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Soviet sniper izibhamu kweMpi Yezwe II enziwa izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ngo-1931, zonke okufanayo mosinskaya trehlineyka, nge ingasebenza modified valve isibambo, futhi wenza kanye nesigaba okhethekile izinga, wathola emehlweni optical. Ngaphandle, futhi uhluke isakhiwo wakuqala ukuthi yesivalo ekunqandeni ke ikhombele phansi, kunokuba phezulu njengoba ubuciko ngaphambi.

Soviet sniper izibhamu kusuka neMpi Yezwe II SVT-40 achazwe ngenhla. It kuphela uhlala ukwengeza ukuthi enza yabo anegunya ngensimbi ngokunemba kanye, yebo, ikhipha Bracket eyayibekiwe ngenxa yokukhanya.

... futhi German

Ngesikhathi kuqala impi amaNazi ethuthuka bakwazi wasithatha amasheya abalulekile izikhali Soviet. Abazange behluleka ukusizakala ngabo. Ngenxa yalokho, izibhamu Soviet eziningi kweMpi Yezwe II, kuhlanganise sniper, wathola Wehrmacht. Naphezu inkimbinkimbi umklamo, base kuyancomeka yisitha, ngubani kuze 1942 akatholakalanga imiklamo eziphambili kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa sniper izibhamu Zf.Kar.98k, emelela okuthuthukile "Mauser" e 1898, futhi ezinye amayunithi athunjwa, ngaphambili babambeke amazwe ehlasela (eCzechoslovakia, eFrance, eBelgium, njll). Umzamo curious kakhulu ukwakha hybrid machine gun futhi sniper izikhali. Umklamo libizwa Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (sokuzingela ukuze parachutist). Abanye ochwepheshe sithambekele ukukholelwa ukuthi kwakunguSamuweli okungcono sniper isibhamu. Noma kunjalo, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje kakhulu futhi lasetshenziswa kuphela amayunithi elite paratroopers futhi SS.

ngemva kwempi,

Okwamanje, nezibhamu othomathikhi emhlabeni wonke esikhundleni isibhamu. Manje, omunye esingu kuphela lokudutshulwa. Okuvame kakhulu izikhali ezikhethekile esikhaleni elaliyiSoviet nangale luhlala namuhla Dragunov sokuzingela, eklanyelwe ngo-1963. Isizathu sokuba kwayo esivamile kubo bonke izingalo Russian. Kuyinto linesizotha, okuthembekile, akubizi futhi sinezici kakhulu. Umklamo we PRS ehlanganisa izimfanelo engcono possessed sniper izibhamu kweMpi Yezwe II, ikakhulukazi eSoviet. imiklamo eminingi, yasungulwa noma zaba ngcono ngawo-30s kanye 40s, ziye zasetshenziswa Iwawo.

Ukuqhathanisa kanye uzakwabo American M24, Uma unganakile, ifakazela ungcono ngani isampula American. Izinga eliphakeme lokunemba yafinyelelwa onjiniyela kwezilwandle, ngokusebenzisa isinyathelo rifling 320 mm. Nokho, empeleni kuvela ukuthi ngokungafani naye Dragunov sokuzingela ufundwa emhlabeni wonke futhi nomlilo zonke izinhlobo izinhlamvu, kuhlanganise udibi Ukubhoboza incendiary. Phakathi ukusebenza kuba khona Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu baze bakwazi ngisho ukudubula phansi izindiza, kuhlanganise nezindima nzima ukunqoba njengoba UAVs, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye jet ukuhlaselwa izindiza.