Kusukela lokho compounds elula organic zimumethe amaprotheni? Ukwakheka nezakhiwo imisebenzi

Amaphrotheni zidlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Kusukela lapho kwenziwa, yini isakhiwo zabo nezindawo, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana amaprotheni ngezigaba zabo

Meaning of amaprotheni zikhonjwe yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ososayensi baye yethiwa igama kulezi izinto, "amaprotheni", okusho ukuthi "kuqala, abakhulu." I zamakhemikhali ezenzeka amaprotheni, kukhona isici esibalulekile. Bakha ngesisekelo ngokudala amangqamuzana amasha.

Ngenxa isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi wamaprotheni molecule inqwaba nemisebenzi eyenziwa usosayensi kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ngezigaba olulodwa. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana amaprotheni oluthathwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno eziningi:

1. Ngokusho ukubunjwa chemical amaprotheni kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Yini liqukethe amaprotheni elula eziyinkimbinkimbi? Isakhiwo lokuqala kuhlanganisa ama-amino acid kuphela. I amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi kunezelwa kubo non-amaprotheni compounds.
2. Ngu ukusebenza amaprotheni, organic compounds, kuhluke namakilasi amaningana:

• amaprotheni Catalytic - enzyme ukuthi enze umsebenzi ukusheshisa zamakhemikhali. Ngaphandle iqhaza kwabo inqubo kungenzeki ngokuthi zamagama futhi ibole.

• amaprotheni Ezokuthutha uxhumano nomsebenzisi hormone, acid okunamafutha nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali abaningi abadabuka organic wezinto ezingaphili. Ngemva kwalokho lingene egazini futhi kuyiswe endaweni yomzimba lapho zidingeka khona. Lezi amaprotheni ngenkuthalo ukuthutha izinto ngokusebenzisa begazi ulwelwesi, ushukela, lipids, amino acid kanye ion.
• Amaphrotheni yenza umsebenzi asekelayo. With iqhaza zabo kwakhiwa skeleton yeselula. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi: i-collagen, wenza umsebenzi yokuxhuma izicubu, izinzipho izinwele yi-keratin, mithambo ine-elastin nezinye amaseli semithambo. Lihambisana lipids abakubonisayo ngesisekelo isakhi ulwelwesi.
• Umsebenzi zokuzivikela amaprotheni. Amasosha Omzimba (immunoglobulin, ayisiza) bophezela sibhajwe umzimba ezincane eziphilayo pathogenic, bese iwukudambisa nethonya layo umzimba womuntu. Ngaphandle ukubandakanywa thrombin futhi fibrinogen inqubo kungenzeki ka igazi ekunqandeni.
• umsebenzi Wokulawula - amaprotheni igcina yokwenza evamile umzimba, izitho, amaseli bese zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni.
• Amaphrotheni bhunga imisipha amaseli ikhono shwabanisa, ngakho uhamba traffic. Ukusebenzisa amaprotheni yokwamukela kwamaseli umzimba ukuqonda ulwazi kusuka imvelo, dlulisa jitters.

Yiziphi amaprotheni?

Lokhu macromolecular organic kwakwakhe kwengoma. Yini liqukethe amaprotheni? Ngo ukwakhiwa yabo abathintekayo izinhlobo amabili amino acid izinsalela ezixhunywe e kochungechunge iketanga ubude okukhulu. Ngaphambi amaprotheni ucwaningo ngokuthi amaqanda izidakamizwa izinyoni ukuthi coagulates lapho evuthayo, futhi lwakha mass ezimhlophe zingaxazululeki.

Kamuva wathola igama izinto eziningi isitshalo noma okuvela ezilwaneni, kokuba izakhiwo efanayo. Inombolo namaprotheni zonke izinto eziphilayo ubusa ngaphezu nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Isisindo sawo owomile ezingaphezu kwesigamu inani amaprotheni mass.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngokwemvelo zikhona kuze kube achitha izinkulungwane zezigidi lezi zakhi, aphoyintimenti ngabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: igciwane Escherichia coli iqukethe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ezahlukene amaprotheni. Ukuze amaprotheni zihlanganisa enzyme ukuthi iqhaza zamakhemikhali ezenzeka amaseli.

Ukwakheka amaprotheni

Amaprotheni - nokunye okuningi ukuze aperiodic. Kusukela lokho compounds elula organic zimumethe amaprotheni? monomers zabo ziyisiliva izinhlobo amabili amino acid. Kuye amakhono kuhlelwe acid umzimba acid kubalulekile futhi engabalulekile. Eyokuqala unekhono ukuba kuhlelwe umqondo, kanti eyesibili - akukho, bathola okungaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwabo emzimbeni ngenxa edonsa ukudla.

Kusukela lokho compounds elula organic zimumethe amaprotheni? Ngu-amino acid ukwakheka kanye ukuhlukanisa ephezulu grade amaprotheni engaphelele. Iqembu lokuqala libhekene aqukethe wonke amino acid, kanti eyesibili - ukungabi ezinye zazo.

Amaphrotheni aqukethe amino acid kuphela abizwa ngokuthi elula. Uma, ngaphezu kwama-amino acid, kunezinye izingxenye - nzima. Zingaba izinsimbi, ama-carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acid.

amaprotheni elula

Kusukela lokho compounds elula organic zimumethe amaprotheni? Ukwakheka yabo, bheka ngezansi. Amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama amaprotheni. I izakhiwo isici zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• Albumin - unekhono ukuncibilikisa emanzini, coagulate lapho evuthayo, akusho kwenze izixazululo nosawoti ahlukahlukene.
• Globulin - musa chaza emanzini, kodwa kuphela ongaphakeme lokuhlushwa usawoti izixazululo.

• Histones - amaprotheni kukhona umlingiswa oyinhloko ngesimo nucleoprotein. Indawo igazi leukocyte futhi amabhola.
• Protamine - bahlanganisa kungekho nesibabule. I izakhiwo kakhulu eziyisisekelo ukuvela. Njengengxenye amaprotheni - nucleoproteins. Ziyakwazi ocebile izinhlanzi isidoda.
• Prolamins - kalula encibilikayo otshwaleni. Ziqukethe okusanhlamvu. Prolamins gliadin imelele - ingxenye eyinhloko gluten.
• Scleroproteins unekhono hhayi chaza. Kuqukethwe ikhava elingaphandle izidumbu zezilwane lwamathambo nezicubu zezinzwa. Emelelwa collagen yi-keratin, fibroin, mithambo ine-elastin.

Kusukela lokho compounds elula organic zimumethe amaprotheni? Zakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene amino acid kanye amaprotheni yabo ine amabili.

Iyini imisebenzi amaprotheni?

organic compounds (amaprotheni) imisebenzi eziningana:

• Nikeza umzimba kanye izinqubo zomthetho.
• Yenza amaprotheni ukulethwa lingene egazini, elinikeza izinto ezidingekayo zonke izinhlaka.
• Ifomu imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba.
• Ziyakwazi ngesisekelo bone kanye ezicutshini.
• Ukulungisa ukugaya, amandla umzimba.
• zezakhi zofuzo elawulwa izenzo.
• Vikela umzimba, ngcono ukungatheleleki.

carbohydrate

Le ngxube organic odabuka yemvelo, ukushaja umzimba amandla. Basuke ziyasatshalalaiswa ngokwemvelo. Ingxenye yabo izitshalo kuyinto ayisikhombisa ayisishiyagalombili amaphesenti isisindo ingqikithi kwezinto eziqinile ezilwaneni - amabili kuphela. Ukwakheka carbohydrate yeqembu carbonyl futhi ingxenye encane hydroxyl. Lezi zinto zehlela bayingxenye kwamangqamuzana nezicubu emzimbeni. Yiziphi chemical compounds elibizwa carbohydrate? Ukwakheka carbohydrate kuhlanganisa umoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen, carbon. Nakuba okunye wale mithandazo zihlukaniswa okuqukethwe kwabo nezinye izakhi, i-nitrogen, isibonelo.

Carbohydrate - umkhiqizo ye-photosynthesis. Ngaphandle kwawo biosynthesis engenzeki izitshalo, ngoba indaba kokuqala kule nqubo. Ama-carbohydrate, njengoba isigaba organic compounds ukuthi abonise ukwehluka okukhulu. indima yabo izici enezici.

carbohydrate umsebenzi

organic compounds babe imisebenzi elandelayo:

• продукты окисления соединений (глюкоза, гликоген, крахмал) поступают в клетки, заряжая их энергией. Amandla - imikhiqizo namachibi zezakhi (glucose, glycogen, isitashi) singene amaseli by ukushaja amandla abo. Cishe ayisithupha amaphesenti amandla washisa kulinganiswe carbohydrate, okuyinto bafakela amaseli igazi layo. Amandla ihlinzekwa ebuchosheni, ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yayo.
• umsebenzi Plastic - uxhumano ziyingxenye ebalulekile kwezakhiwo eziningi emangqamuzaneni, ziqukethe yonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba: ulwelwesi begazi, organelles amaseli. Ngosizo ifomu yabo enzyme nezinye nucleoproteins.
• umsebenzi Avikelayo - iphumile isikhwehlela nezindlala kuvikela kwezindonga engaphakathi izitho eziningi ezahlukene imiphumela engathandeki: mechanical, amakhemikhali, ama-bacterium. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa wokuqukethwe lelisetulu carbohydrate uketshezi viscous.
• umsebenzi Wokulawula - carbohydrate alawule motility, kusukela ukusetshenziswa fibre ne oyiyo indawo ecasula mucosa we ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.
• umsebenzi Specific - carbohydrate zihlukile. Nabanye babo akhiqiza amasosha omzimba, iqembu igazi ngokucacile inikezwa kwakungenza kokuqhuba emsipheni amaza.