Metric: itafula, amayunithi namazinga. uhlelo Metric futhi International System of Units

International System of Units - isakhiwo ogxile ukusetshenziswa mass indices amakhilogremu namamitha ubude. Nge iningi ivelaphi, kwakukhona izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene kuwo. Umehluko phakathi kwabo itholakala ukukhethwa izinkomba zokuveza indlela. Kuze kube manje, emazweni amaningi ukusebenzisa amayunithi e uhlelo SI. Kuleyo ncwadi makhemikhali kuwo wonke amazwe (ngaphandle-United States, Liberia, Burma) okufanayo. Lolu hlelo is kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene - kusuka zokuphila kwansuku zonke ukuze ucwaningo lwesayensi.

Izici

uhlelo Metric - isethi ngaphambilini nemingcele. Lokhu iyahlule angaphambilini izindlela ezivamile sokunquma amayunithi ahlukahlukene. Ukuze akhombise noma eliphi inani ohlelweni imethrikhi isebenzisa isici esiyinhloko eyodwa kuphela, ubukhulu okungase kuhluka amafraktjhini amaningi (Extra idesimali izuzwe usebenzisa izakhi). Inzuzo enkulu le ndlela ukusebenzisa elula kakhudlwana. Lokhu kungabi sengxenyeni inombolo ezingadingekile elikhulu amayunithi ezahlukene (izinyawo, amamayela, amayintshi, njll).

isikhathi nemingcele

Phakathi nenkathi ende ngenani izazi ziye Uzame ukwethula isikhathi amayunithi metric. usuku eziphakanyisiwe ihlukaniswe izakhi ezincane - millisutki nama-engeli - izinqaba 400 noma ukuthatha umjikelezo ogcwele kwegazi ngoba 1000 millioborotov. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa ngokuphazamisa yokusetshenziswa kwadingeka bayeke umbono. Namuhla isikhathi ngemizuzwana luchazwa ngegama SR (sakhiwa millisecond) kanye radian.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo yesimanje imethrikhi wazalelwa e-France. Esikhathini kusuka 1791 kuya 1795 kuleli zwe wangeniswa izenzo uyajabula ezibaluleke kakhulu zomthetho. Bakhandwa kunqophe isimo imitha - Itjhumi linye yokwabelana 1/4 of the Meridian kusukela yenkabazwe ukuze North Pole. 4 Julayi 1837 bamukela idokhumenti ekhethekile. Ngokusho kwakhe, kwathiwa ngokusemthethweni evunywe ukusetshenziswa esiyisibopho izakhi zazo kwaba metric system izinyathelo yonke imisebenzi kwezomnotho eyenziwa eFrance. Kamuva yokutholwa isakhiwo yaqala ukusakaza emazweni angomakhelwane aseYurophu. Ngenxa alula kanye lula, ohlelweni imethrikhi kancane kancane indawo kazwelonke kakhulu esetshenziswa ngaphambilini. Futhi, kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa e-US, nase UK.

lwezindinganiso eziyisisekelo

Per unit obuphelele wokulinganisa uhlelo abasunguli, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, kuthathwe imitha. Elementi mass babe igremu - isisindo esigidini m ³ yamanzi uma kwabantu okuvamile. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa kulula kohlelo amatjha wokumeda abenzi baye basungula indlela yokwenza afinyeleleke nakakhulu - nemigomo ngokufaka yokukhiqiza ensimbi. Letindlela zenziwa nge ephelele zibonise ukwethembeka amagugu. Baphi namazinga ohlelweni imethrikhi, kuzoxoxwa ngezansi. Esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi onobuhle abantu baqaphela ukuthi sravnenivat oyifunayo ukubaluleka nabo lula kakhulu futhi zikhululekile ezingaphezu kuka Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye yesine ka Meridian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayefuna ukucacisa mass umzimba, kuba sobala ukuthi ukuhlola izinga bayo, standard zibelula kwenani okuhambisanayo yamanzi.

amasampula "Ingobo yomlando"

Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Commission International ngo-1872 akhethwa njengosuku indinganiso yokulinganisa ngokukhethekile imitha ubude. Ngesikhathi amalungu esifanayo eKhomishana yanquma ukumenza indinganiso yokulinganisa isisindo amakhilogramu ekhethekile. It senziwa platinum kanye Iridium Alloys. "Okugciniwe" imitha futhi amakhilogramu zigcinwa Paris unaphakade. Ngo-1885, ngo-May 20, abamele Isentha ekhethekile esasayinwa amazwe nesikhombisa. Njengengxenye kwathiwa ezilungisiwe inqubo sokunquma kanye nekulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga ocwaningweni nemibhalo. Lokhu kuzodinga inhlangano ekhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa International Bureau of izilinganiso. Njengengxenye yenhlangano okudalwe waqala ukuthuthukiswa uyaca futhi ubude amasampula ne okwalandela ukudluliswa ukubhala amakhophi abo wonke amazwe iqhaza.

uhlelo Metric eRussia

Amasampula kuthathwe wajabulela emazweni angaphezu nokuningi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, Russia awuzibe ukuvela uhlelo olusha. Ngakho-ke, lo Mthetho-July 4, 1899 (umbhali kanye kunjiniyela - D. I. Mendeleev) liye egunyazwe ukusetshenziswa ku-oda ozikhethela. Waba saziso kuphela emva Ukwamukelwa Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ngesinqumo somthetho ngo-1917. Kamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwalo iye kuye kwaqinisekiswa SNK ngoJulayi 21, 1925. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, emazweni amaningi yayiswa ukumeda International System of Units. I version yokugcina yayilokhu XI eNgqungqutheleni Kazwelonke evunyiwe 1960.

kuqala inkathi yangemva Soviet

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union kwaqondana ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kukhompyutha futhi umthengi electronic, ukukhiqizwa main bagxila e-Asia. On endaweni Russian Federation waqala ukungenisa lifike ezinkulu zalezi abakhiqizi. Kulokhu, amazwe ase-Asia abakaze bacabange izinkinga kungenzeka nemibi ukuxhashazwa izimpahla zabo labantu-Russian ukukhuluma abakudingayo imikhiqizo yayo kuya jikelele (ku umbono wabo) imfundo ngesiNgisi, nge izilungiselelo American. Iyasebenza amagugu ekubizweni ohlelweni imethrikhi ukuthi ngelinye yi izakhi ezisetshenziswa e-United States. Ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu computer amadiski, Abaqaphi idayagonali kanye nezinye izingxenye elicacisiwe amayintshi. Ngakho ekuqaleni nemingcele ncenye esiqokiwe amagugu ngokuqinile imethrikhi (CD kanye DVD ububanzi, isibonelo elilingana 120 mm).

ukusetshenziswa ngamazwe

Okwamanje, obanzi kunayo emhlabeni Earth ohlelweni imethrikhi angakahleleki. Ithebula uquqaba, ubude, amabanga kanye neminye imingcele yenza kube lula ukuba ahumushe ezinye nezinye izinkomba. Amazwe, ngasizathu simbe hhayi kwi lesi simiso, kukhona sazikhohlwa njalo ngonyaka. Lezi iinkhathi uqhubeke ukusebenzisa izinhlaka zakho siqu, zihlanganisa US, Manje iBurma isibizwa Liberia. Melika uyawuthanda emikhakheni yesayensi ukukhiqizwa SI uhlelo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinketho esebenzayo US. UK kanye eSt Lucia abangazange okwamanje kwi-SI uhlelo zomhlaba. Kodwa, mangisho ukuthi nqubo Usuqhubekile asebenzayo. Izwe yokugcina, ekugcineni kwi ohlelweni imethrikhi ngo-2005, baba Republic of Ireland. Antigua and Guyana kuphela ukwenza ushintsho, kodwa ijubane uyephuza kakhulu. An simo ezithakazelisayo eChina, ngubani ngokusemthethweni kwi ohlelweni imethrikhi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa amayunithi yamaShayina yasendulo uyaqhubeka on insimu yalo.

amapharamitha izindiza

uhlelo Metric saziwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izinhlaka kuwo ungabanjwa. Indiza isasetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulinganisela, ogxile kukhona izinto eziningi ezifana ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amathathu. Isicelo kohlelo kulo mkhakha ngokomlando. Isikhundla International Civil Aviation Inhlangano kuyinto ocacile - kumele kube khona ushintsho kumanani imethrikhi. Nokho, lezi zincomo kuphela emazweni ambalwa ubambe njengoba injalo emsulwa. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Russia, China naseSweden. Ngaphezu kwalokho, civil aviation isakhiwo RF, ukugwema ukudideka namahhovisi ukulawula ngamazwe, ngo-2011 asebenzisa isimiso izinyathelo ngokwengxenye, iyunithi eyisisekelo okuyinto unyawo.