Theory Special-Relativity. isisekelo

Ukuqala sokuthuthuka elikhethekile theory wokuhlobana kwezinto lithole ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, okungukuthi 1905. izisekelo zayo sezisetshenzisiwe emsebenzini Eynshteyna Alberta, "On the Electrodynamics ka Moving Ngemizimba". Usosayensi kwaphakamisa imibuzo eminingana ephathelene babengenazo izimpendulo ngaleso sikhathi Nale umsebenzi kwesidoda. Ngokwesibonelo, wasikisela ukuba imfundiso uMaxwell kuyiqiniso hhayi ngokugcwele. Ngenxa imithetho electrodynamics ukuxhumana phakathi umqhubi kanye uzibuthe kuncike kuphela ukunyakaza zawo ezilinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke kukhona ukungqubuzana abanokubukwa nimi yokuthi lezi zimo ezimbili nezikhathi nomunye kumele ngokuqinile ahlukaniswe. Ngokusekelwe kulezi okutholakele, it is wasikisela ukuthi yimuphi Ukudidiyela uhlelo ezincike ku imithetho Mechanics, ngaleli zinga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu, kuncike emithethweni optical futhi electrodynamic. Leso siphetho, Einstein libizwa ngokuthi "Lesimiso sokuhlobana".

Izakhi eziyinhloko inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela okhethekile wokuhlobana kwezinto kwaba ezizathwini izinguquko emenza esiyindilinga entsha ngokuphelele yentuthuko Science. Usosayensi kwaphoqa ngokuphelele imiqondo classical kwesikhathi ngokuphelele futhi isikhala, kanye kwezinto waseGalile. Futhi, wathatha isinyathelo ukuze bazisise ezingeni theory empirically kungase kutholakale by Hertz isivinini ezilinganiselwe yokukhanya. Wabeka isisekelo lapho kutadishwa ngokuzijamela isivinini nendlela yekuhambisa sandla we umthombo wokukhanya.

Okwamanje, i-theory okhethekile wokuhlobana kwezinto kunikeza ithuba kakhulu kusheshiswe umsebenzi wokutadisha yonke. Albertom Eynshteynom bahlakulele imfundiso ngaleyo ndlela uqede abaningi kuwukuphikisana ukuthi kwavela ekuseni lamashumi amabili physics leminyaka.

Umgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa theory okhethekile wokuhlobana kwezinto - is isofthiwe ubudlelwano phakathi space kanye nesikhathi. Lokhu lula kakhulu ukuqonda yonke oda emhlabeni ngokukhethekile futhi bebonke. I postulates wokuhlobana kwezinto theory ekhethekile kusenza siqonde izenzakalo eziningi: wokwehla ubude kanye obuphelele ngenkathi ezihambayo umzimba isisindo ukwanda ngesilinganiso ukwanda (isici mass), ukungabi ukuxhumana phakathi izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka ngomzuzwana (uma they are kahle amaphuzu ahlukene ngokuphelele isikhala-time continuum). Konke lokhu, uyachaza ukuthi ijubane esiphezulu esiphelweni kwanoma iyiphi isibonakaliso yonke akusho idlule ijubane ukunyakaza zokukhanya cleaner.

kwezinto Special sinquma ukuthi isisindo ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya isebujameni lokuphumula zero, okusho ukuthi noma ubani owayebukele ngaphandle engasoze xoxa neqembu i-albhamu yezithombe ku FTL futhi uthole ithuba aqhubeke nalo. Ngakho, the velocity yokukhanya kuyinto inani eliphelele hhayi amenable kungenzeka isigqi sayo.

U-Albert Einstein wanikeza gxuma qualitative entsha ekuthuthukiseni isayensi ngokwenyama ezweni, futhi izinga yonke.