Life umjikelezo esiteji nokuthuthukiswa amaxoxo

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo frog, gametogenesis, kokukhulelwa nezinye izenzakalo ezithile zonyaka kukhona kuncike ezicini eziningi zangaphandle. Life cishe zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni incike inani izitshalo nezinambuzane ku ichibi, kanye umoya namanzi okushisa. Amaxoxo secrete ngezigaba ezahlukene zentuthuko, kuhlanganise elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu (Iqanda - umbungu - ngunoshobishobi - frog). Ngunoshobishobi baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele ku omdala ingenye kugucuka yesiteleka kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, kusukela lezi zinguquko ukulungiselela umzimba aqueous emhlabathini khona.

Ukuthuthukiswa amaxoxo: izithombe

Ngo izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi, ezifana amaxoxo kanye Toads, metamorphic ushintsho evelele kunazo zonke, cishe kunoma isiphi beshintsha. Ukuma komzimba kushintsha kakhulu. Ngemva ukubukeka imilenze ezingemuva futhi front umsila kancane kancane iphele. ngunoshobishobi Chondrocranium esikhundleni ugebhezi ebusweni Ukhala abasha. namazinyo Horny ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ukudla echibini ngunoshobishobi izitshalo zinyamalale, umlomo kanye nemihlathi athatha isimo esisha, imisipha esithuthuke kabanzana olimi, ngcono ukubamba izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane. ikholoni side, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo ezidla uhlaza, mfushane ukuzivumelanisa Ukudla ezidla omdala. Ngezinye isigaba ethile yentuthuko amaxoxo zokuphefumula zinyamalale namaphaphu iyakhula.

Kwenzekani ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa?

Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulelwa, iqanda uqala ukunyakaza kusuka kwesinye isitokisi bazifake kwesinye isigaba e inqubo division. I cleavage lokuqala isilwane isigxobo siqala luqhubeke thwi phansi isigxobo vegetal, uhlukanisa amaqanda abe isithole blastomeres ezimbili. I cleavage sesibili senzeka ngesikhathi engeli ilungelo ngowokuqala, uhlukanisa Iqanda at 4 blastomeres. I inkatho lwesithathu isezingeni engeli ilungelo nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala, ngokuba eduze isilwane kuka isigxobo vegetal. Kuhlukanisa phezulu ezine endaweni encane esikhunjeni phansi ezine. Kulesi sigaba, i-embryo kakade 8 blastomeres. ukwehlukana Eminye ayisasebenzi njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, Iqanda unicellular kancane kancane ibe Umbungu owumphumela, okuyinto kulesigaba ibizwa ngokuthi blastula, okuyinto namanje isinyathelo 8-16 cell iqala ukuthola eligcwele uketshezi isikhala ingaphakathi. Ngemva uchungechunge izinguquko Monolayer blastula ibe ezimbili Ply umbungu (gastrula). Le nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthi gastrulation. esigabeni lesisemkhatsini amaxoxo e lesi sinyathelo ehilela kumiswa izingqimba ezintathu zokuzivikela: yi-ectoderm, mesoderm futhi endoderm, okuyinto yaziwa nangokuthi eyinhloko izingqimba zamagciwane. Kamuva lezi izingqimba ezintathu amabhu izibungu.

Tadpoles (isigaba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu)

Ngakusasa esiteji ukuthuthukiswa frog ngemva umbungu kuyinto isibungu, uyaphuma igobolondo containment ngaphakathi 2 amaviki emva kokukhulelwa. Ngemva wenkululeko lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi izibungu frog abizwa ngokuthi tadpoles, okuyinto zifana inhlanzi elincane labantu abangaba ngu 5-7 mm ubude. izibungu umzimba kufaka esihlukile ikhanda, umzimba kanye nomsila. Iqhaza umgudu wokuphefumula udlalwa ngu amabili namabhuzu gills encane zangaphandle. bakheké ngokuphelele izitho ngunoshobishobi is aguqulelwe ukubhukuda kanye ukuphefumula, emaphashini bayatfutfuka ikusasa frog esuka emphinjeni wakhe.

baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele esiyingqayizivele

Amanzi ngunoshobishobi asitholayo uchungechunge izinguquko uyogcina siguqulwa frog. Phakathi baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele kwezinye izakhiwo elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu ziyancipha, futhi ezinye ushintsho. Metamorphosis okuqaliswe yegilo umsebenzi, kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu.

1. Izinguquko ngokubukeka. Khulisa nemilenze yangemuva, amalunga ukuthuthukisa, kukhona iminwe. Forelimbs, namanje efihlekile emphethweni ekhethekile zokuzivikela, ukuphumela phandle. Umsila kuyehla, isakhiwo yayo kancane kancane ephukile endaweni yayo akukho kwesokunxele. Amehlo ezinhlangothini bathuthela phezulu ikhanda lakho futhi beba bulging, uhlelo lateral line izitho zinyamalale, isikhumba ubudala kususwa, futhi entsha, kunothile nezindlala isikhumba, eba. emihlathini Horny zinyamalale kanye isikhumba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu, basuke esikhundleni ne emhlathini bangempela, uqwanga kuqala bese ithambo. umlomo igebe is kakhulu anda, okuvumela frog enkulu yokudla izinambuzane.

2. Izinguquko nokwakheka yangaphakathi. Gills aqala ukulahlekelwa ezikushoyo nokuthi fade, ukukhanya liba obusebenzayo kakhudlwana. izinguquko ohambelana zenzeka isimiso semithambo yegazi. Manje gills kancane kancane ayeka ukuba udlale indima kwegazi, igazi ngaphezulu uqala ukugeleza ezingena emaphashini. Kuba inhliziyo emithathu chambered. Inguquko kusuka ukudla ogxile zemifino ukudla luyingxenye ezidla kuthinta alimentary canal obuphelele. It is onomfutho nesisontekile. Umlomo iba emhlathini ebanzi ukuthuthukisa ulimi inyuka, isisu isibindi nazo ekubeni emikhulu. Pronephros esikhundleni izinso mesospheric.

3. Izinguquko indlela yabo yokuphila. Phakathi aphuma izibungu esigabeni omdala yokuziphendukela kwemvelo Ukhala lapho kuqala baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila izilwane zasemhlabeni. Kuyinto ngokuvamile kuze kube ebusweni umoya futhi yenyuse emaphashini.

Frog - inguqulo amancane frog omdala

Lapho eneminyaka engu-amasonto 12, ngunoshobishobi has kuphela insali encane yabangu-umsila futhi sifana inguqulo encane omdala, okuyinto 16 ngesonto, ngokuvamile uqeda umjikelezo ogcwele ukukhula. Ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezihlobene amaxoxo amaningi, amanye amaxoxo abahlala ezindaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu noma ezindaweni ezibandayo, ungaphila esigabeni ngunoshobishobi zonke ebusika. uhlobo oluthile angase abe izigaba yaso ehlukile yentuthuko, lapho zehluke abathandekayo bendabuko.

Ixoxo sokuphila

amaxoxo amaningi ukuzalela zemvula, lapho amadamu zigcwele amanzi. Tadpoles emandleni akhe kuhlukile ukudla abadala ingakwazi ngokuchichima ulwelwe nohlaza emanzini. Amaqanda endaweni esivikelayo jelly female ekhethekile kubeka ngaphansi kwamanzi noma izitshalo eliseduze, futhi ngezinye izikhathi musa ngisho obakhathalelayo kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela. Ekuqaleni imibungu ukuncela isikhuphasha yabo izinqolobane. Uma i-embryo isibe unoshobishobi, ngunoshobishobi jelly uncibilike futhi ephuma igobolondo kwakhe okuyisivikelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-amaqanda frog ku omdala ephelezelwa izinguquko eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi (ukubukeka nemilenze ekunciphiseni umsila, zangaphakathi izitho rearrangement, kanjalonjalo). Ngenxa yalokho, abadala yezilwane oyiyo, yokuphila kanye imvelo sihluke kakhulu izigaba odlule yentuthuko.