Uyini amandla okudonsa

Lapho physics izifundo esikoleni sabaqalayo ukhuluma umqondo pre-ekhona we iplanethi enguMhlaba njengoba indiza beseyama imikhomo, izindlovu nezimfudu, ngesikhathi abafundi ubuso smile bese avele isigaba ngisho wezwa uhleko. Manje abaningi kakade enkulisa uyazi ukuthi umhlaba - kuyinto sphere, futhi amandla adonsela phansi enza zonke izinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa ake okungenani umzuzwana ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi asazi lutho. Pho ukuchaza ukuthi abantu aphethwe phezu kwezilwandle futhi amanzi ngeke batheleka engenakuqonda isikhala, uma ungayisebenzisi umqondo emhlabeni flat? Uma amandla ekhangayo imfihlakalo kithi - ke, mhlawumbe, nganoma iyiphi indlela. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuze azi esedlulelwe yisikhathi, ngokuba isikhathi ngasinye - wokuvula yayo.

Amandla elanga adonsela phansi Luhambo kwatholakala u-Isaac Newton e 1666. Phambi kwakhe, wazama ukuchaza ekhangayo ososayensi ophumelela kangaka isikhathi wakhe, njengoDavide Huygens, owaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi yakhe nebutho centrifugal, Descartes futhi Kepler washayelwa imithetho amathathu ayisisekelo elawula ukuhamba izinto ezingcwele. Nokho, lezi kuphela ezicatshangwayo ezisekelwe okwengeziwe ukuqagela kunokuba amaqiniso. Akekho kubo enganikanga nekuvisisa ephelele oda emhlabeni. Newton futhi kuhloswe ukwakha ithiyori ephelele, lapho ungachazwa amandla Ukuheha ezihlobene izenzakalo nalo. Futhi waphumelela. hhayi nje ngemibono eminingana theory abangu washayelwa nge amafomula kanye nesifanekiso agcwele. It kwaphumelela kangangokuthi ngisho namanje, ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka, jikelele theory wokuhlobana kwezinto, nokuthuthukiswa imibono Newton, isetshenziswa izibalo Mechanics yasezulwini.

ekwakhiweni Its ilula kakhulu futhi ongasoze: amandla ngawo izinto bakhangwa, kuncike uquqaba lwabo kanye amabanga. Lenchazelo sivezwe kanje:

F = (M1 * M2) / (R * R),

lapho M1 ne-M2 - izinto ngobuningi; R - ibanga.

Ngokuvamile ajwayelane imfundiso yokuziphendukela classical iqala ngale ifomula. Ukuze uthole ukumelwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana wonke ngakwesokunene kumele siphindwe njalo okudonsa izinto.

Isiphetho kuyinto: ezinkulu ezingaphezu into, kakhulu akhangwa kakhulu umthelela elinako imvelo. Kubaluleke alibalulekile kungaba mass ihogela 1 kg, ne iphuzu elifanayo noma isisindo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kubalwa uhlelo komzimba ezimbili, ezifana Sun Nomhlaba, zinyanga nje bakhangwa inkanyezi yakhe. Amandla Luhambo zomhlaba, uxhumana emkhakheni ilanga, wakha ezivamile maphakathi gravity, azungeze okuyinto kukhona isikhalo mutual. It nje sengathi ilanga - maphakathi ohlelweni lwethu. Yiqiniso, nakuba futhi agcinwe inkanyezi nge midpoint ngokomzimba asishayisani.

Amandla Luhambo ingachazwa ngaphakathi classical umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi jikelele nemibandela emibili elandelayo:

- ijubane izinto kohlelo incane kakhulu ukwedlula ijubane ugongolo ukukhanya;

- bezikhali emkhakheni okudonsa incane.

Ngemva nje umsebenzi Newton phezu Luhambo, kwaba sobala isidingo ncono. Iqiniso liwukuthi nakuba ngokunyakaza komzimba sphere yasezulwini ingabalwa ngosizo amafomula ezihlongozwayo, kunezimo lapho theory Newton asisebenzi, ngoba wanikela Imiphumela neze.

Okumbi sekususiwe ngu Einstein, ngubani wasikisela sina Ushintshe imodeli ukuthi uyakucabangela ukuthi ijubane lokukhanya, namasimu enamandla kakhulu okudonsa izinto. Nokho, manje, ngisho umbono onjalo jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto uyekile kube impendulo okubanzi kuzo zonke imibuzo: e microcosm we postulates yayo azilungile.