Kuyini ekwelapheni amagama uqhutshelwa

Uhlelo of kolimi ukuhlonza ohlangothini oluhlukile - imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulimi, yezilimi isicelo, stylistics, dialectology futhi onomastics ngisho. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokho onomastika lokho kuncike yayo futhi into, ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ke ekhishwe inyumbazane. Cabanga ubuhlobo bayo nabanye eyala, imithombo ukuthi ukunikeza impahla isifundo.

Onomastics isayensi

Okokuqala, yini ekwelapheni amagama. Inchazelo Lithi kuyinto igatsha wesayensi yezilimi ukuthi ufunda amagama siqu noma Onim.

Ekuqaleni onomastika lasetshenziswa isayensi esetshenziswa mlando, geography, etemibhalo njengoba isiyalo asizayo. Kamuva waba legatsha ahlukene wesayensi yezilimi nge izindlela ayo sokuba ukuhlaziywa impahla namalimi wemiphakathi. Into ukutadisha isayensi - umlando imvelaphi, ugqozi isigaba bese umsebenzi lwamagama efanele ngolimi. Into - amagama ngqo Onim.

Onomastics uhlola ifonotiki, morphological, izwi-ekwakhekeni, izici semantic futhi etymological lwamagama efanele.

Umlando yentuthuko

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi impatho enjalo lwamagama, kubalulekile ukuba lo mbuzo, njengoba umlando ukuvelela isayensi.

It kubhekwa ngokulinganiswa ayemncane. Owasungulwa ngo-1930, lapho kwaba umhlangano international wokuqala emhlabeni onomastic eFrance.

Kakade ngo-1949 ukwakha ikomidi onomastic at UNESCO ishicilela iphephabhuku ezikhethekile Onoma. Inani Eliphakeme onomastics bawela 50 - 60 leminyaka elidlule.

Onomastics umlando Russian waqala ngo 1812, lapho A. Vostokov yashicilela isihloko esithi "Quest abalandeli etymology." Ngo-1813 wanyathelisa enye incwadi ebalulekile E. Bolkhovitinov "Ngo izici of namabizoqho slavyanorosov". Kwaphela amakhulu amabili eminyaka, isayensi iye savela, emisa izindlela zabo ucwaningo, lokuqoqa izinto letinemaciniso, imvuthuluka yokudala theory. Ngo-2004, umagazini i "Izinkinga onomastics" okuhle sekuqalile eRussia.

izingxenye isayensi

Kuye timphawu telulwimi, bona izindawo eziningana ucwaningo. Onomastics namabizoqho lisibekele ezindaweni ezahlukene ubuchwepheshe, ukukhululwa:

• onomastics Regional lapho efundelwa onomasticon ka kusifunda esinikeziwe, ukutadisha subsystem yakhe onomastic.
• Okwazekayo, ukuthi ufunda imithetho jikelele ekuthuthukisweni nokusebenza izinhlelo onomastic.
• Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa amagama ezihlobene ngokuyinhloko umkhuba kwamagama ukusebenza kwabo yolimi lwanamuhla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusungulwa irekhodi futhi yokubiza amagama, ukuthuthukiswa onobuhle normative, okuyinto akhiwa nesibongo, tichasiso abonisa ubulungu endaweni ethile, isifundazwe lokuhlala, umndeni.
• Lelandzisako ukuthi uhlola isimo onomastic zendawo ethile. Uma lokhu kubhekwa isigaba esisodwa onomastic.
• Ezinezinkondlo Onomastics - uhlola ukusebenza amagama abantu nawezindawo ekufundzeni ematheksthi etemibhalo, izimiso yokudalwa, umsebenzi embhalweni.

Izigaba

Kuye esigabeni izinjongo ekutadisheni amagama efanele, kukhona izigaba olandelayo onomastics:

• Anthroponimics - uhlola amagama abantu.
• Toponymy - ukutadisha amagama lezinto womhlaba.
• Zoonimika - ukutadisha isilwane izidlaliso.
• Astronimika - uhlola amagama inkanyezi emizimbeni - amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila.
• Hydronymy - uhlola igama imizimba amanzi - imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nasolwandle.

Ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi impatho enjalo lwamagama, ingasaphathwa ubuhlobo bayo nabanye eyala. Okokuqala, it is esihlobene yezilimi. Isayensi isebenzisa izindlela ngokolimi sokuba ukuhlaziywa namabizoqho. Futhi ixhunywe yini nala mazwi anengqondo, njengoba sitadisha uxhumano phakathi kwamagama kanye imiqondo. Uxhumano ka onomastics nge geography astronomy. ngokuvamile Ososayensi ubheke onomastam ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana ukupelwa amagama wokuhumusha.

Umlando, ethnography nemivubukulo ukunikeza eziningi ulwazi olubalulekile usosayensi onomastam. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, ukusiza mlando. Onomastics Inani le-ososayensi ezihlobene umlando, eliyigugu. Ngakho, idatha onomastiki ukusiza ukuhlola abantu Izindawo, amasiko abo kanye nemikhosi, njengoba kusaqhuba amagama, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhlobene eduze hhayi kuphela abantu abathile, kodwa futhi isikhathi. Nge onomastics abakwazi kuphela ichaze imingcele nezizwe zala isiphetho, kodwa zaphetha memo ezihlukahlukene okubhaliwe.

imithombo yokutadisha

Sithole, yini onomastics, wanikwa incazelo, siye sabona izindawo eziyinhloko. Kodwa umbuzo owodwa yayisalokhu unconsecrated - lapho ososayensi bayisa impahla langempela isifundo?

imithombo eminingi. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

1. Izinhlu lwamagama kanye nezibongo.
2. izincwadi sezenkolo futhi amakhalenda.
3. okuqoshiwe lwesigodi kanye nezikhumbuzo.
4. amabalazwe Geographical kanye nemfundo yezinkanyezi.
5. Ikheli amabhuku.
6. Izincwadi yokusungula komhlaba.
7. Yamakhathalogi isilwane nemibukiso.
8. Izinhlu yamahhashi.
9. Imisebenzi yobuciko.

cwaningo

Ukutadisha lokhu isayensi kuphela ubuhlakani philological University. Kwethulwa kwesigaba kwenzeka kulolu cwaningo Yiqiniso "Lexicology" noma njengoba ucwaningo Yiqiniso ehlukile. Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa, abafundi zofunda onomastika yini izindlela lisebenzisa, yiziphi izingxenye ke sigqame.

Inkambo esikoleni yokutadisha iyindlala, ngaphandle okusezingeni eliphezulu amakilasi iphrofayli. Kodwa ngaleso ukwazana efanayo ne isayensi surface futhi inikeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo kuphela ngakho.

okutholakele

Onomastics - esinye sezifundo eziphathelene namalimi okuyinto study namabizoqho kanye nokusebenza kwazo isiRashiya. Kuyinto ngokulinganiswa ayemncane. Funda kuyo kolimi.