Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, umqophi Russian: Biography, umsebenzi

Ezweni ungathola izingosi eziningi ukuthi ngeke kuphela mangaza ne bemibuso zabo, imigqa emihle, kodwa sisiza umsuka wezimfundiso ubuciko ebaziwe kuwo wonke umlando. Kodwa yini esiyaziyo mayelana nabantu ukwakha lezi ezisithekileyo, ukubeka ingxenye umphefumulo wakhe into oyithandayo?

Kulesi sihloko sikhumbula umqophi Russian owaziwa. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - ungubani, ngayiphi wenza emhlabeni ubuciko, futhi yini usebenza eyaduma?

biography

AM Born Opekushin Novemba 28, 1838 (ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo e 1833) edolobhaneni elincane Svechkino iVolga (Yaroslavl Isifundazwe). Weza ophuma emkhayeni ompofu. Uyise wayengumGreki serf zomninindawo Ekateriny Olhinoy, modelers onekhono self-wafundisa.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni Opekushin yabonisa ithalente kwezobuciko futhi ukunambitheka, eza izinkinga elula ongumlimi ngobuhlakani. Yena ngempumelelo iziqu esikoleni sendawo. kwakungaba ithalente womfana Kunzima ukungabi nilalele, ukuze ubaba ngokuvamile ku ngithunyiwe izintokazi Petersburg, nganquma ukuthumela lo mfana ukuba afunde. Esezuze kwemvume E. Olkhin, Opekushin abasha eneminyaka engu-12 waya ukubhalisa eSikoleni of Umdwebo we-Imperial Society for the Isikhuthazo ka Abaculi.

kumiswa

Ezemfundo Petersburg kwakulula. Futhi esikhundleni sokuba iminyaka emithathu ayihlala amabili nje. AM Opekushin kuboniswe amakhono into engavamile phakathi izifundo zabo, futhi wathandwa izinhliziyo abaculi abaziwayo kanye noprofesa. Omunye wabo kwakungu-umqophi Danish uDavide Jensen. Ngemva kokuphela Umdwebo School, wamema studio yakhe Opekushin njengoba volnoprihodyaschego modelers.

imfundo ephakeme kanye umsebenzi ukuze umqophi abasha kwakungenakwenzeka, ngoba imibhalo ayesengumuntu serf. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga Opekushin kwakudingeka imali ngenxa yesihlengo - ruble 500. Kuze kube yimanje, wazikhandla, kokuqeda oda ezengeziwe nokwamukela iholo.

ukucindezeleka ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo, ukufunda nsuku zonke, okuqhubekayo ukungalali ngokwanele futhi ukungondleki kakhulu buthaka Opekushin umzimba, futhi wagula. Abangani kuphela abanakekelayo Academy kanye esemncane kwaqeda kugula. Futhi ngo-1859, kwathiwa ngemvume Opekushin freestyle. Manje wayesekwazi khulula kanti lokhu kungase kuqhubeke ngendlela yokudala, kanjani futhi kuphi ufuna.

New Alma Mater kwaba Imperial Academy of Arts. Ngo parallel, lo modeller abasebasha baqhubeka khona workshop Jensen kanzima isihloko iwine of one of the best Russian Okugweda.

umndeni

Ngo-1861, u-Alexander washada. Ngeshwa, imithombo kungukuthi zinikezwe ukwaziswa okunembile nomkakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe. It is kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi Opekushin ukuthi nginomkhaya omkhulu, namadodakazi eziningana. Kwakungisiza ukuba ngingagxili ngimnikeze imali njalo kusukela ekudalweni ukubaza zokuhlobisa.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich wayeyindoda bayithanda kakhulu inkolo futhi monarchist okuqina. Umsebenzi wakhe kakhulu uyobhekwa asebukhosini. Phakathi nenkathi enzima emkhayeni isiRashiya kwakuwulimi umqophi abadumile Russian encenga futhi belamba. Ngezindleko umphakathi, wathuthela kusukela wamavukelambuso Petersburg (ke Petrograd) zesifundazwe sakhe bomdabu Opekushin. Kamuva Rybnitsa efika ekhaya lisetshenziswa khulula. Alexander kwaba esegugile futhi ayisekho wahlanganyela izikebhe ozithandayo. Nokho, Yabantu Commissariat ngamnyama ukuze umndeni wakhe izabelo zokufunda.

Ngo-1923 Opekushin ephathwa inyumoniya futhi eshona. Wembelwa e-Rybnitsa emzaneni efanayo, eduze iSonto koMsindisi, okuyinto wabhapathizwa. ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, ithuna lo umqophi yabonakala itshe lethuna nesizotha. Futhi ngo-2012, i-Opekushin Admirer engaziwa abelwe imali egwadle itshe lethuna okudweba nombhalo othi: "I Okugweda omkhulu abayinzalo sibonge."

umsebenzi Early

Sebenza Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich njengoba umculi kanye modeler Yayiqala ekuseni. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-17, wadala idumela okuyinhloko abanamakhono. Nokho, zaguquka isiphetho zakhe zaba 1862. Esiqoshiwe sase-"Izingelosi, ngokumemezela kubelusi Christmas" kwaba uhlobo iphoyinti ngokuba ubuciko olukhulu umqophi abasha.

Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba uyayibona umdwebi odumile Mikhail Mikeshin futhi wazicelela ukuba iqhaza ukudalwa lesikhumbuzo eNovgorod "Millenium Russia" - iphrojekthi emikhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Yiqiniso, ngokubambisana neNhlangano Mikeshin kwaba nethonya elibi kakhulu Opekushin. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulesisindo umqophi. Isitayela umqophi abasha ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe kwakhiwa bedle futhi lokusungula of Russian umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela umqophi Mark Antokolsky, ngokukhethekile, imifanekiso eqoshiwe yayo ku-internet Ivana Groznogo noPetru I.

umsebenzi

Phakathi naso sonke umsebenzi Opekushin wadala yobuciko eziningana kunabantu. Eqinisweni, abanye umqophi Russian wathola imiklomelo iziqu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kakhulu amatshe ezikhumbuzo yadabuka phansi ngesikhathi izinguquko. Enjalo, isibonelo, isibe lesikhumbuzo ukuze u-Alexander II. It lavulwa ngo 1898. Itshe lesikhumbuzo zethusi wema ngasemnyango eningizimu odongeni Kremlin.

Udumo Yande waletha umsebenzi Opekushin kubonakala kweyoku Exhibition Umhlaba Paris. Zihlanganisa axoshwe isidlo esibonisa izigcawu zomlando, lapho senziwa imodeli okuyinhloko.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphike ukuthi umnikelo omkhulukazi wenza ekuthuthukiseni Russian futhi izwe ebaziwe Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. ukubaza akhe elula, ongaphakeme-key, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokujulile besitayela sakhe ukusebenza. Uhlu imisebenzi kuhlanganisa izikhumbuzo odumile NJENGOBA Pushkin futhi YAMI Lermontov, isazi semvelo Karl von Baer futhi Admiral yamathebhu, a ngokudayisa ka Countess Shuvalov futhi Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abagxeki lokusungula umqophi ubonakala kancane yimpumelelo futhi ekhululekile. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhumbuzo uMbusi u-Alexander III awuzange kakhulu baziswa besikhathi sakhe.

Statue of Peter mina

Opekushin wakujabulela nokusebenza kanye ukubaza portrait odumile emlandweni. Ikakhulukazi omuhle umsebenzi wakhe enikelwe uPetru I. esifanekisweni okubonisa inkosi ehlezi esihlalweni edlubhe yakhe kanye amabhuzu.

Umqophi ngokumangalisayo ephethwe wasithatha impulsiveness futhi ukuhamba yomdlali Petr Veliky. Nokho, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, akusiyo wobuciko yisakhiwo sodumo kuphela, adalwe wizadi.

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin

Omunye imisebenzi ebalulekile kakhulu zidalwe Opekushin - Pushkin lesikhumbuzo. Ukuze ngokudala kwakhe umqophi waqala ngo-1872, njengoba sengike aphonswe wonke amanye amaphrojekthi. Long iminyaka emithathu kwathatha ukuthuthukisa indaba emfushane ka lesikhumbuzo. Kuze kube yimanje, inkosi kwadingeka afunde ngaphezu ekumeni kweshumi imbongi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngemva Opekushin candidacy evunyiwe 1875, waqala Bhala luhlaka ukuqaliswa. Umthengisi wathatha umqophi wezakhiwo I. Bogomolov.

iminyaka emihlanu kuphela emva kwesikhathi, umsebenzi waphothulwa. Futhi Juni 6, 1880 ku Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard eMoscow lavulwa ngokusemthethweni lesikhumbuzo ukuze imbongi omkhulu Russian NJENGOBA Pushkin. Itshe lesikhumbuzo zethusi liphuma esabekayo esisekelweni futhi ngokushesha okubangelwa injabulo kabanzi phakathi abantu bakuleli dolobha.

Futhi namhlanje imbongi Russian umklamo zethusi ucabangisisa imi kwesinye isitaladi eyinhloko-dolobha isambatho nenhle, phezu okuyinto isembatho ububanzi-nolwelwe. Ngo isikhundla sakhe wazizwa kalula engqondweni. Iya kancane enyakazayo ikhanda namehlo baveze kokuphefumulelwa Pushkin nobukhulu zasebukhosini.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin lesikhumbuzo kubhekwa omunye umsebenzi sína kakhulu futhi afune isikhundla esithile, ukuqaliswa kuyo izimali isikhathi sokufundisa kuphela yabo futhi wenza umzamo, kodwa futhi ingxenye umphefumulo wakhe, uthando art senkondlo.

lesikhumbuzo Lermontov

Ngo-1889, wakhuluma ngokudalwa enye imbongi edumile isiRashiya, futhi wamisa isikhumbuzo Lermontov e Pyatigorsk. Ukwakheka kwalo ngokwengxenye uthathiwe umthombo engapheli ugqozi nemicabango imbongi - eCaucasus.

Kubuka Lermontov omkhulukazi, ungahlosile ukubamba ecabanga ukuthi imbongi emva ezinye izizinda, wahlala phansi phezu kwedwala, ikhanda lakhe, bencoma caps ezimhlophe yezintaba ngokwakho. Amehlo akhe eseveze uvo ezijulile futhi ugqozi. Abanye abalandeli ebaziwe wacabanga ukuthi lesikhumbuzo imbongi Lermontov ukuboniswa Kuyadumaza futhi ugly, izici ebukhali. Ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba ekumeni senkulumo yakhe kabanzi mayelana umsungulo. Nokho, kuyinto ukudalwa umculi ngendlela ngabanye kanye ukuqonda futhi umhlobiso kwesokunxele komuzi.

Isikhumbuzo of Muraviev-Amur

Usayizi ngobukhulu ekwakhiweni Russia zangaphambi izinguquko kanye emisebenzini Opekushin (16 amamitha eliphezulu) sekuyinkinga lesikhumbuzo Yokubala Muraviev-Amur - umbusi Eastern eSiberia. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo 1881, uMbusi u-Alexander III wanquma isikhumbuzo eseduze. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1886, wamemezela umncintiswano ngokuba Okugweda. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka futhi "trio osemqoka" Mikeshin, Antokolsky futhi Opekushin.

Project-Alexander neyaziwayo njengoba best. Bookmark lesikhumbuzo senzeka ngo-1888, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ke lalimisa wavula mumbe eKhabarovsk futhi efakwe ngaleso eKhabarovsk eweni. Figure count wema phezu yesikhulumi, lamehlo akhe ema baqondiswa ekufezeni China. I isinyathelo lihlotshiswe zingcwecwe ezinhlanu isikhumbuzo nge amagama izikhulu nezakhamuzi wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo-kuya Amur esifundeni Russia. Nokho, ngo-1925, mayelana nezinsolo "Isinqumo ku ezisithekileyo," lesikhumbuzo yehliswe wabekwa Museum, futhi kamuva ukusika laqaqwa.

ebaziwe zokuhlobisa

Indawo ekhethekile imisebenzi ebaziwe zokuhlobisa Opekushin matasa kuwo. It wayengadlali owayenguyise into ukunakekelwa njalo yakhe, ngcono futhi umthombo enkulu imali. Kuyinto ngenxa Alexander yakhe esemncane wayebhekwa njengomuntu modelers abanamakhono.

Ngemva kokubulawa anekhono bas-Imifanekiso futhi edumile izibalo eziyisikhombisa ngoba lesikhumbuzo ukuze uCatherine II Petersburg wafundiswa ukukhipha Opekushin Royal Iminyango ukuze iconostasis e Cathedral of the Resurrection. Futhi babhekana nalo masterfully.

indlela enengqondo nge reflection ezicashile zobuntu ebonwe portrait busts, eyayibonakala owenziwa umqophi. Ngamanye imisebenzi copyright zokuhlobisa art ukubaza ugcizelele imiva bokubeka izithombe nangobuciko, imigqa esithambile.

Imiklomelo kanye izihloko

• Ngesikhathi ngisafunda ngesikhathi Imperial Academy of Arts Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich wathola umklomelo wakhe wokuqala - nayo lendondo yesiliva - I-ukusebenza omuhle kakhulu we-esiqoshiwe sase-phezu kweBhayibheli indaba ephathwayo.
• Ngo-1864, ngenxa imidwebo eziqoshiwe "Belisarius" futhi "Cupid kanye psyche" umqophi uphromothiwe neklassnogo mculi. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva ukuphila wakhushulelwa lokhu isikhundla kumculi ikilasi ka 2 degrees, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathola imvume 1 degree.
• Impumelelo enkulu kakhulu kwaba isihloko academician, okuyinto Opekushin waklonyeliswa ngo-1872. Imperial Academy of Fine Arts kuhlanganisiwe ke ngokwengxenye ngenxa yemfundo yakhe futhi okuphawulekayo isimo-format imisebenzi: a ngokudayisa we Umqhele Prince futhi esifanekisweni Petra Velikogo.
• Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Alexander Mikhailovich Society of imvelo waklonyeliswa ngendondo egolide eziningi imisebenzi thematic.
• Opekushin ngokunqoba babe ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Enye impumelelo evelele kunazo kwaba umklomelo wokuqala, etholwe ke e-Estonia, eTartu (ke Dorpat) ukuze kwakhiwe lesikhumbuzo ukuze Karl Baer. Opekushin par mncintiswano yahanjelwa Okugweda esuka eYurophu naseMelika.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Ngo-1978, kukhunjulwa umqophi (iminyaka engu-wakhe 140th) wadedelwa olungokomfanekiso (kwezobuciko) imvilophu isithombe sakhe phezu obverse.
• Ngo-1986, isazi sezinkanyezi ULyudmila Chernykh wathola elisemkhathini, okuyinto yaqanjwa umqophi Russian.
• Kusukela ngo-1993, oluvelele kwamasiko izibalo ethulwa ngonyaka Yaroslavl umklomelo okuthiwa Opekushin.
• Ngo 2013 wakhipha umqulu ncwadi Olgi Davydovoy mayelana nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi we umqophi. By the way, umlobi eshicilelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe Tindzaba mayelana Opekushin. Le ncwadi iqukethe incazelo nezikhathi abalulekile kakhulu ekuphileni futhi isebenza amakhosi ezinkulu. Ukwakha kwathatha cishe iminyaka engu-30. Futhi isizathu ukushicilelwa wakhonza izinsuku ezimbili nje: weminyaka engu 175th yokuzalwa Opekushin (ngokuvumelana imithombo, owazalwa ngo-1833) kanye nekugubha 90 sokufa kwakhe.

PS

Isibonelo wabonisa izwe Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, yomlando wakhe futhi izimpumelelo ubuciko - kuwukuzibophezela feat we serf. Wayengomunye ngabokuqala ngokumelene esimisweni sezenhlalo, kwaqinisekisa nokuthi iyiphi isimo sabo emphakathini noma iyiphi eminye imikhawulo ncisheka cha nqanda umuntu ekwenzeni izinto ozithandayo futhi udale into enhle, kusale kuze kube phakade inkumbulo zalo kule planethi. Futhi ake waba umqophi Russian ngemva izindumiso eziningi iziqu ukhohlwe iminyaka eminingi, a baxgeki bakholwe nomkhondo wawo ubuciko omkhulu futhi sculptural oyingqayizivele ezijulile futhi Alinamkhawulo inkumbulo.