Thayipha Izipanji. Izici isakhiwo nezigaba izipanji

Izwe kwamanzi wehlukile ngakho futhi eyingqayizivele ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nzima ukuhlukanisa izitshalo ezilwaneni. Ngakho bobunjwa yinqaba kukhona izidalwa eziphilayo khona. Elikhulu imidondoshiya zasolwandle kanye ezincane kakhulu planktonic ezinamagobolondo, agqamile elikhanyayo, abahlukumezi futhi ezidla uhlaza - uyahlanya ezihlukahlukene zama-eziphilayo. Omunye zalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo futhi isiponji, okuzoxoxwa olwengeziwe.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Elichaza isikhundla lezi eziphambi organic isimiso sezwe, unga:

• Empire - Cell;
• umbuso - Izilwanyana;
• Subkingdom - ezinamangqamuzana amaningi;
• uthayiphe - Izipanji.

Namuhla siyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-8000 zilwane. 300 babo abahlala izikhala kolwandle ezweni lethu.

ngezigaba

Izipanji uhlobo elihlanganisa konke abameleli eyaziwa amakilasi ezine eziyinhloko.

1. Calcarea, noma lime. Ifomu lwamathambo yangaphandle endaweni ayilibalanga calcium nosawoti.
2. Ordinary noma Kremnerogovye. Omele Chief - badyaga.
3. Glass (eziyisithupha-rayed). inombolo Class lincane.
4. Kugcwele - abampofu kakhulu izinhlobo ekilasini.

Konke lokhu izipanji anezici zabo siqu, hhayi kuphela zangaphandle kodwa futhi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi, yokuphila futhi ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ekuphileni kobuntu.

sakhiwo sangaphandle

Computer mhlawumbe kuyingxenye engavamile zonke izici lezi zilwane kuyoba nje indlela ebukeka ngayo ngaphandle. Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle isipanji ichazwe ngu ezihlukahlukene umzimba amajamo kukhona isici kubo. Ngakho, abameleli amakilasi ezahlukene kungaba ngesimo:

• ingilazi;
• nezitsha;
• isihlahla isakhiwo.

wesimethri yomzimba uhlobo olulodwa - okuguquguqukayo-eksisi, e wamakoloni - okuxubile. Umuntu ngamunye has a yedwa ekhethekile flat, esebenzisa kuwo nasezinsikeni phansi noma kwenye substrate. Izipanji ngokuvamile yokuphila ongasanyakazi.

Ohlangothini engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba kukhona umgodi ekhethekile, okuthiwa "oskulyum". It ukhonza ukususa amanzi okweqile kusukela ingaphakathi langaphakathi. Ngaphandle umzimba imbozwe ungqimba kwamaseli - pinakodermoy. Ziyafana e isakhiwo sabo EPITHELIAL izicubu kwezilwane ephakeme.

Nokho, kukhona izici zayo - khona ikhule ezimbotsheni ububanzi. Isakhiwo isipanji inikeza ukumuncwa izinhlayiyana zokudla ngembobo phezulu akukhona, okungukuthi ngokusebenzisa multiple eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini zonke isibhakela umzimba ukuthi zingamngena futhi andise.

Ngaphansi olwelwesini ahlelwe amabili kuya sihlole kabanzi kamuva. Umbala we zombili lezi zinhlobo olulodwa futhi wamakoloni wehlukile ngempela. Kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo umbala:

• grey;
• oluhlaza;
• onsomi;
• eziphuzi;
• ezimhlophe;
• obomvu;
• onsundu ngaphansi;
• okuxubile.

Izipanji Thayipha usenze emhlabeni ngaphansi kwamanzi, okwenza kube nakakhulu elikhanyayo, ezimibalabala futhi ekhangayo. Kulokhu, uma sicabangela eceleni zithathwe ngabanye phezu komhlaba, kuyoba akuthandeki: okusikhumbuza isibindi eluhlaza sinombala ibhola ezishelelayo, ukushicilela akayena ngempela iphunga elimnandi.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi Abamele

isakhiwo izinhlobo izipanji zifana, ukuthi umuntu oyedwa noma unamathisele ekoloni. Ngokushesha ngaphansi ungqimba angaphandle ka ukungena nakwamanye amazwe dermal amaseli elise ikakhulukazi imfuyo intercellular ukwakha eyanele volumetric emgodleni. It alengayo ahlelwe amaseli, futhi isimo sabo lihlukile. Indwangu kancane like amanoni endaweni ephakeme Abamele. Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi "mezohil".

Ngaphansi lesi sendlalelo elise ngaphakathi komgodi uphahlwe amaseli akhethekile eduze. Lesi sendlalelo gastralnyj. Zonke ukudla uthola lapha, futhi lapha kufika ukugaya. Zonke imfucumfucu kanye namanzi angadingeki ethunyelwe elingenhla umzimba orifice futhi lingashajwa therethrough ngaphandle.

Futhi, isakhiwo isipanji kufanele sifake uhlobo skeleton. Kumiswa It is kusukela lime, phosphate, nosawoti organic, okuyinto akhiqizwa ezikhethekile amaseli mezohila. It akagcini nemihlathi ukuma ezithile umzimba, kodwa futhi sibalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe umonakalo mechanical ingaphakathi langaphakathi.

Izimpawu Sponge uhlobo kuyobe akuphelele uma kungesona isici esiyinhloko uqoke lezi zilwane - umzimba wabo has kwezicubu, kodwa kuphela kuhlanganisa ezahlukene ifomu isakhiwo amaseli, ukwakha izingqimba. Lena umehluko oyinhloko izilwane umbuzo bonke abanye.

Futhi ezithakazelisayo lihlelo amanzi esindayo ngabanye. amakilasi ezahlukene kungaba engalingani. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko ke:

1. ASCON - konke ukuxhumana nge imvelo yangaphandle ngokusebenzisa isimiso amashubhu lapho amanzi uhamba yeseli-esitokisini esikhethekile. I lula kakhulu yamanzi System, okuyinto etholakala abameleli ezimbalwa kakhulu.
2. Seacon. Uhlelo okuthuthukile, ehlanganisa inethiwekhi ekhelini tubules futhi Amapayipi agijimela ekhethekile-chamber amaseli nge flagella.
3. Leykon - oskulyumov lonke inethiwekhi, lolu hlobo yamanzi uhlelo sici kuphela amafomu wamakoloni. Le nguqulo eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo isizinda Bonke abanenhliziyo odlule.

Lokuzaliswa e izipanji kwenzeka kokubili kwezocansi asexually. Amagciwane Engeke Esaba amaseli akhiwa kule mezohila ungqimba. Imikhiqizo ke kukhishwa ezimbotsheni umzimba futhi phandle kusukela wamanje amanzi emzimbeni ukuwa nezinye emhlathini, lapho kokukhulelwa senzeka. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka zygote, futhi isishiya isibungu. I gazinga kungenziwa ngokuthi ngamagama ehlukene: amfiblastuly, parenhimuly, tselloblastuly.

Uma sikhuluma ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual, ukuthi kusekelwe inqubo luthela, okusho nokunqamula izingxenye zomzimba kulandele ukuvuselelwa izakhiwo ezingekho. Iningi uhlobo izipanji kuhlanganisa izilwane hermaphroditic.

Izici yokuphila

Uma sicabangela zezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezinamangqamuzana amaningi emhlabeni, kufanele kwenziwe isibaluli imihlathi esigabeni bakudala kakhulu yenhlangano. Nokho, liphinde izilwane zasendulo impela, incwadi kuyoba izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule. Phakathi ukuvela inkampani yabo, akukho okushintshile, bona ukugcina izici zabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abamele uhlobo lokuphila has ukubonakaliswa ezimbili:

• olulodwa;
• wamakoloni.

Ngokuvamile wathola amaqoqo iyobiza omkhulu phakathi ezihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Kukhona zombili zinhlobo angenasawoti (bayindlu okuncane) kanye nabakhileyo ezilwandle kanye izilwandle (ngoba inombolo obuqand iqembu zinhlobo).

Izipanji uhlobo kuhlanganisa izilwane zidla eziphilayo ezincane noma izinsalela zabo. Ngo isakhiwo imizimba yabo babe esikhethekile collar esitokisini flagella. Bamane ubambe ukukhukhuleka izinhlayiyana zokudla, eqondisa kubo singene kwangaphakathi paragastralnuyu umzimba ingaphakathi. Ukugaya Kwenziwa intracellularly.

Esikhathini indlela ukukhiqizwa izipanji ukudla kungenziwa ngokuthi abazingeli yekwentiwa. Bahlala izandla kusayithi enamathiselwe ilindele ngomkhumbi izakhi izinhlayiya. Kwakungenxa kuphela lapho sebevele eduze kakhulu, ubambe kubo ngokusebenzisa ikhule ezimbotsheni futhi wathumela kanye ukugeleza kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Ezinye izinhlobo bakwazi ukuhambisa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusadingeka kuphela ukuze okunamathiselwe ku substrate. Nokho, isilinganiso sabo sincane ukuze wonke suku olukhethekile neze kuyofeza esingaphezu imitha.

A ezihlukahlukene izipanji

Ukuze uthole bakudala ezinjalo isilwane ukwehluka abameleli ngempela umxhwele - eqinisweni kukhona mayelana 8000 zilwane! Futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi idatha yakamuva, lesi sibalo kuyeza kakade izinkulungwane 9. ukwehluka sangaphandle ngenxa umehluko esimeni sokwakheka komzimba, umbala kanye nohlobo amathambo endoda umbala emzimbeni ngabanye (noma amakoloni).

izipanji Class-Glass

ezithakazelisayo zangaphandle ukwehluka ingilazi izipanji yayo kakhulu. Bona aziziningi kangako njengoba omunye, kodwa une-skeleton engavamile. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu Uhlobo olukhulu, okubandakanya uhlobo indwangu. izici Jikelele bale ekilasini singawathola e izigaba ezimbalwa.

1. I-Latin igama isigaba - Hexactinellida.
2. Kumiswa skeleton is of Silicon compounds, Ngakho-ke okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
3. Inalidi uhlobo eziveza umzimba, okuyinto ubuswa isakhiwo enamaphoyinti ayisithupha.
4. Izibungu uhlobo parenhimuly noma tseloblastuly.
5. Emiseleni System uhlobo leykona.
6. Colonial ukudlula ifomu elilodwa.
7. Ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-50 cm ubude.

Laba bameleli be-ezivamile ezifana:

• hialonema Siebold;
• euplektella.

Class Ordinary noma Kremnerogovye, izipanji

Izipanji uhlobo isithombe abamele okuyinto kungabonakala kulesi sihloko kuhlanganisa eminingi kakhulu abantu abaningana ekilasini - Kremnerogovye, noma Evamile. It lethiwa ngenxa isakhiwo esithile lwamathambo - liqukethe Silica futhi spongina. Ukuqina ngempela ngokuthi untekenteke futhi wabhubhisa kalula. Ubujamo skeleton of the izinaliti wehlukile kakhulu:

• sprocket;
• ihange;
• mace;
• inalidi ebukhali nokunye.

Okuvame kakhulu angenasawoti omele kwesipanji angenasawoti - sponge, wasebenzisa kube inkomba yokuthi ubumsulwa umzimba ngamanzi. Ngaphandle alithandeki, umbala onsundu brown, ngezinye izikhathi ezingcolile-yellow. Kusetshenziswa indoda ngoba ezihlukahlukene izidingo.

Yini nabanye abameleli atholakala phakathi izipanji abavamile?

1. Miksily.
2. Halichondriidae.
3. isipanji iBaikal.
4. emabhulashini Marine.
5. hondrokladiya Giant nabanye.

Class calcareous isipanji

Kuhlanganisa abameleli abavela kokuba calcareous skeleton iqinile futhi mihle. Njengoba sitholakala kuphela emanzini izilwandle nasolwandle. Umbala Uphaphathekile noma sahlukene nalo. izinaliti lwamathambo kungaba mayelana ezintathu imisebe. abameleli Key: Ascona, Seacon, leukandry.

Class Sponge Coral

Kuhle abameleli ambalwa abafana amagatsha coral. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ekwakhekeni skeleton enamandla calcareous anemibala ehlukene kanye nesakhiwo Patterned.

Abamele geratoporella Nicholson, Merlot. Esisanda kuchazwa, eziyisithupha kuphela zama-lezi zilwane. Kwaphela isikhathi eside abazange zehluke uhlelo izixhobo zama-coral, ngakho zitholakale lapho esanda kutholakala.

Ukusebenzisa izipanji umuntu

Inani Okubalulekile komnotho wenarha yabo boke abantu okuqondene uhlobo indwangu. Abamele elisetshenziswa izidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Abangabahlanganyeli eziwukudla, njengoba bona bangamaJuda ukudla izilwane eziningi.
2. Kusetshenziswa abantu ngokwenza imigexo emihle ukuze umzimba futhi ingaphakathi endlini.
3. Lunezinto ukunika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngenjongo yokwelapha (bodyaga uye iyavuleka isipanji nokulimala nilimaza ephulukisa umphumela).
4. Zisetshenziswa ukwakha izipanji yokuhlanzeka - imikhiqizo yemvelo Yemvelo ngemboni izimonyo.
5. Asetshenziswa zobunjiniyela futhi bazisebenzisele nezinye izinjongo.