Kuyini ihlelo? Kungakhathaliseki ihlelo of the ruble eRussia?

On umbuzo yini ihlelo, ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula: kuyinto wokwehla Inkulumo okuzisholo banknotes, okuyinto isimo ukhiqiza. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba ukwenana ngemali - inqubo ayiyona engavamile ngakho, futhi ikakhulukazi edabukisayo. Kuphela ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, amahlelo abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha sezenziwe emhlabeni wonke. Uma ngabe umnotfo esimeni esejwayelekile, kuba nomqondo imvelo luyingxenye lobuchwepheshe. ihlelo Okuningi bezijabulisa lemali iba, uma ephelezelwa ayehle kakhulu amandla emali.

Izindlela ihlelo

Qaphela ukuthi kwezinye izimo, lo mqondo ibizwa ngokuthi esikhundleni lwemali olulodwa kuya komunye, kuyilapho value abo okuzisholo uhlala ingashintshiwe. Kukhona ihlelo okugcwele esinqunyiwe. Esimweni sokuqala kukhona indawo zonke izinkolo ezikhona, okwesibili - the eyiphepha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amahlelo. Ijubane lale nqubo ye ihlelo kungaba okusheshayo, kancane, isikhathi eside futhi nanini isikhathi. Uhlobo lokuqala kwaba athandwa kakhulu kuleli amaSoviet, futhi elokugcina sici-United States. Umthelela on the izakhamuzi ekutjhugululweni yezwe kungenzeka "kanzima" noma "soft."

Uyini ihlelo eSoviet

Ngo-1913, i-ruble Russian kuyinto lwemali ezinhle futhi iyahlonishwa, esekelwe standard igolide, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba zidlule okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo-August 1914, kuye kwamiswa exchange mahhala imali wephepha igolide. State Bank wavunyelwa ukukhipha imali yephepha eziningi angenamkhawulo, kodwa ngaphakathi isizathu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuzungeza yinani lika ngesilinganiso ezimbili kanye ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane nengxenye, futhi ngo-March 1917-ke lase linyuke laba ngu 9.9 bhiliyoni. Uhulumeni wesikhashana, bezama ukwenza ngcono isimo isimo, ukwandisa ijubane umshini wokunyathelisa, kanye supply imali liye laphindeka kabili.

AmaBolshevik ngaleso sikhathi ngokweqile ukuqedwa ephelele imali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphrinta entsha, ibhange okungaphephile amanothi ngokushesha ngisho uhulumeni wesikhashana. Kodwa lokhu kwakunganele. Kuye ezikhishwe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, yesikhathi esifushane nezikweletu seeMali State. Kube ithemba lokuthi sizokwazi ngenxa kwezinyathelo ezathathwa ekulinganiseni umnotho, kodwa okulindele akuzange kube njalo: waqala kulwiwa. Lesi simo kuphela ingasebenza ngcono nge ukumisa ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba nep, kwaba kabusha yemali, okuyinto wadlala ideologue GY Sokolnikov Ngaphansi kohlaka izinguquko okukhulunywe ngoba amahlelo ezintathu yayiqhutshelwa - ngo-1922, 1923, 1924 .. I-ruble isibe eshibhile ngenxa 50 eziyinkulungwane izikhathi! Nokho, kwanqunywa ukuba ukukhipha imali engamaphepha, elisekelwa igolide - igolide. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu okudala zemali in kwegazi kuze 1947.

KukaStalin lwemali kabusha

Yini ihlelo Sokolnikova khumbula ambalwa kakade, kodwa kabusha eyenziwa 14 Disemba 1947, cishe usaphila ezisenkumbulweni lesizukulwane esidala. Abantu wathatha ngesonto elilodwa kuphela ukushintshanisa imali ezindala amanothi amasha. Lapho le nkambo kwaba ezinkulukazi - 10: 1. Nokho, zifakwe ebhange ngesikhathi esihle exchange rate, kodwa bebekhona abantu abambalwa. Kanye kabusha yemali abangu kukhanselwe namakhadi ukudla okuyisisekelo. Yonke imikhiqizo angathengwa ngokukhululekile, kodwa kubonakale uvukile amanani. Abantu bebelokhu izephula inkunzi, kodwa lwemali sengihluzekile.

ihlelo 1961

Reform eyenziwa ngo-1961, kwakungeyona ngempela kudingeka kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono. Kwakumane kuwukuthi nje kwaphela nenkathi inkathi yokubusa "ukuzikhethela". Minting zemali entsha yaqala ngo-1958, futhi iyunithi omusha waqala ukunyathelisa amaphepha ekupheleni kuka-1959. Kodwa uyini ihlelo kweSoviet Union, izakhamuzi baye bafunda kuphela ngo-January 1, 1961, lapho izinga lokushintshisana waphinde extortionate - konke okufanayo 10: 1. Abantu ukukhumbula izinguquko langaphambilini, baphuthuma amabhange ethembeni ukukhiqiza exchange kube nenzuzo enkulu, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi izinga oyithandayo akuyona ukhule. Imali angashintsha konke, futhi inani lezinhlamvu exchange wayengekho elinganiselwe. Yiqiniso, labo abaye benana kubo kakhulu, amaphoyisa oqaphelile, kodwa, ngokuvamile, izinguquko zenzeka ngaphandle umsindo.

Lwemali kwekuhlela kabusha kwamanye amazwe

Okwakushiwo ihlelo waziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kushintshaniswa mali yayisetshenziselwa njengoba isikhali ekilasini emzabalazweni indlela zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Esikhathini kabusha post-yimpi ePoland futhi Czech Republic ke kwenziwa. Wonke umuntu kule icala lingase benana amayunithi yemali engaphezu kuka-500. Ngaleyo minyaka efanayo eRomania ngoba Leu entsha umuntu kwadingeka ukuba ukhokhe izimpawu ayizinkulungwane 20 ubudala bokuzisholo. Okwenzeka futhi ihlelo of the ruble Belarusian. Konke kusukela esikhathini ukuzimela kulelizwe owawuse setingucuko ezimbili yemali - ngo-1994 no-2000. Ngo-2011, umbuzo wavuswa mayelana ukuhlobana ehlelweni yesithathu ngenxa ukukhula okusheshayo amanani umthengi, kodwa ochwepheshe ngimalile udingeka kangaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlelo kuwumsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza, futhi isimo sezomnotho Belarus nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthi ungakuvumeli.

kabusha Russian ngo-1997

Uyini ihlelo, amaRashiya wathola ngo-August 1997, lapho isimo wanquma ushaye ukuphuma ku imali yamaphepha rhinestones amaqanda amathathu. Ngenxa yalokho izakhamuzi Russian kweso waba abayizinjinga zabantu abavamile abampofu. Abameleli beNdikimba Central Bank ngo ihlelo ngonyaka benza abantu bakholelwe ukuthi kukhona ukuthi asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka, futhi izinguquko - it is kuphela isenzo lwezobuchwepheshe lula nemizana umnotho, it has futhi ambalwa noma isikhathi izingqinamba. Izikhulu umangalele ukuthi ushintsho enanini imali yamaphepha kuyoba ukunqoba kwakhe kwamandla emali, kodwa empeleni ukukhuluma mayelana eliletha ukuthula umnotho namanje ekuseni khulu. Futhi kwaba sobala kudala njengoba Agasti 1998, ngemuva ngeni yezimali. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha ruble uwile ngokucijile, kanye noguqukozimali ifinyelele amashumi amaphesenti ngonyaka.

Emva kabusha, umongameli wokuqala Russian wathembisa ukuthi amaqanda entsha Russian ku imali yamaphepha ngeke kusaba khona. Kodwa ngo-2006 lesi sithembiso ngokwengxenye iphukile obhekwe ngemuva ehlelweni value ngokulinganisa of-ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu. Kungakhathaliseki ihlelo of the ruble eRussia ngo-2014, sasivumela kungashiwo. abahlaziyi asezingeni uyangabaza amahemuhemu mayelana kungenzeka lwemali kabusha kuleli zwe. Bathi Russia akanandaba ihlelo, njengoba umcimbi kuyabiza futhi imali esabelweni sezimali ngemuva izindleko Olympics akwanele ngilifeze.

Kungani kukhona amahemuhemu mayelana ehlelweni kungenzeka

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, inzwabethi we 2014 lwemali kabusha ziyoncibilika kubaphathi bebhange Russian. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi ngenxa banqamula amaqanda owengeziwe izikweletu kuzokhulisa inflow imali ebhange, njengoba lezi zikhungo umklomelo ku tariff evumayo kakhulu izakhamuzi Russian. Kodwa kukhona esinye umbono ngalolu daba. Amahlebezi zasakazeka realtors ukhathazekile kusukela kokuwa izindleko izindlu. Ochwepheshe bathi abantu abaningi basayikhumbula namanje mayelana nekuhlelwa kabusha yangaphambili nenkathi yamaSoviet, kulandele okuzenzakalelayo, bashesha ukuqeda imali, imali ke ingcebo wenzuzo. Kusinda neqhinga emzamweni "avuselele" emakethe ingcebo eRussia. Kodwa lena kuphela agumenti lapho kufanele aphathwe abakwethembi, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke okungenani ezibucayi. Ekugcineni, uqaphele ukuthi kule minyaka emibili ezayo, ihlelo akuyona ncamashi kulindeleke, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Ukuze sikwazi ukulala ngokuthula!