Dlulisa umnyango wedolobha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow (usuku)

Dlulisa umnyango wedolobha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow - yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isimo Russian nokwanda eMoscow. Indawo eyingqayizivele womhlaba, ithonya elandayo we ubukhulu eMoscow ku North-Eastern uthi nokuxhuma inqubomgomo eMoscow izikhulu ngokushesha wenza eMoscow isikhungo esisha amandla Russian.

INGEMUVA kokuphakama

IziKronike ebhaliwe ngemva kokufa Andreya Bogolyubskogo, Ukhulumé eMoscow, wafika emzini abahlala kuwo Muscovites - izakhamuzi eMoscow. igama lalo muzi kutholakala emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke imicimbi eminingi lempi ngesikhathi. Moscow isibe iphuzu kumephu lapho abangane ukuhlangabezana nokubonakalisa ukumelana izitha. Edolobheni elincane is ngokushesha ekubeni wakamuva idolobha ekhethekile wokubusa siqu. Dlulisa umnyango wedolobha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow ngeke ithathe indawo uma Maphakathi nekhulu lweshumi nane, lona wamuva azange abe ubukhulu ezidingekayo kanye nethonya.

Kumiswa isikhungo esisha Orthodox

Ivan Kalita wenza isikhungo odumile eMoscow, hhayi kuphela empilweni kwezombusazwe, kodwa inkolo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, isikhungo sokukhulekela nendawo yokuhlala unomphela Metropolitan uVladimir kwaba phezu Klyazma. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kanye ikhuluma njalo phakathi edlubulundayo izikhulu Tatar emaphaphethi futhi siqu lyudom yabo yokuhlubuka encishisiwe ukubaluleka uVladimir. Tiberias - Impi isimo Orthodox isikhungo Russian phakathi eMoscow nembangi yayo okuphakade kwaqubuka.

Umzabalazo for the Metropolitan

Kudluliswa ezivela eMnyangweni Metropolitan uVladimir kwakulandelwa umzabalazo ebabayo phakathi eMoscow Tver. Izikhulu ezweni encintisana bafuna ukuthabisa lwesiTatar khan, ngoxoxisana amaMongol onguMninimandla onke ngasohlangothini lwabo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, elinye indela ka Tver zezindela eConstantinople wabhala isikhalazo ku- Metropolitan uPetru. amaqiniso ubusimoni (ukusatshalaliswa Amahhovisi isonto) ayebizwe nezibopho ukunganakwa isonto.

Ngoba iyinkosi yakho konke Russia kukhona usongo ngempela sebethule. Kodwa ngalesi sehlo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle kwemvume abefundisi eziningi isiRashiya, futhi ezindabeni esontweni Tatar khans kanye brokers yabo ukungatholi angenele. Okubaluleke nakakhulu kubo babe izintela lomthelo, omagazini kwezikhulu ezingamesabi Russian. Futhi abe nesidingo sezinto ezingokomoya ekuphileni Khans ukungazibambi ukuxoxa ngezombangazwe Nesonto akunamthelela.

ukunyukela sikaPetru esihlalweni sobukhosi Metropolitan zazingahambi ithonya izikhulu eMoscow. Ukuthola igunya elingokomoya phezu Orthodox, uPetru akakabakhohlwa ngezidingo futhi isekela ngokuzeleko ababusi Muscovite. Wayehlale eMoscow, endaweni efanayo, wafa, wembelwa khona futhi. Iminikelo eminingi izicelo izikhulu eMoscow benza umsebenzi wabo - ngasekupheleni Metropolitan uPeter wayemi abagcotshwa ngaphansi igama eMoscow kuqala futhi Wonderworker of All Russia. Kudluliswa ezivela eMnyangweni Metropolitan uVladimir ku Klyazma eMoscow yayisivele isigamu kwenziwe idili.

I ngundlalifa umenzi wezimangaliso

Peter alandelwa ngayo esikhundleni esanda ngokuthi ngesiGreki Fiognost. Ekupheleni 1327 Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople Isaya wammisa njengenhloko Metropolitan of Kiev ngenkonzo unomphela eMoscow.

Ngo 1328 Fiognost wavakashela Russian emazweni North-Eastern, okuyinto, ngesicelo izikhulu Galician futhi Lithuanian, kwabelwe a archdiocese ehlukile. Kodwa Fiognosta akazange ivumelane isikhundla impunga nesizotha edolobheni yesifundazwe. Inhloso yakhe yayiwukusiza ukuhlanganisa enyakatho nasempumalanga Russia ngaphansi Orthodox cross efanayo. Kulapho-ke ekugcineni baba ukudlulisela umnyango wedolobha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow. Usuku lomcimbi oluzayo iye wavumelana ngokuthi iConstantinople. Fiognost ebekwe lidlule wonke amadolobha Russian eyaziwa nokwenza eMoscow isikhungo ezivamile emhlabeni Orthodox.

Okufezwayo capital

Mhlawumbe ukudluliselwa uMnyango Metropolitan uVladimir eMoscow ngo Prince Kalita futhi ngeke ithathe indawo uma kwakungengenxa le ngentshiseko Metropolitan entsha. Kuyakhiwa yakhe kweNyuka Church waphela, futhi ngo-1328, amasonto amabili itshe ezakhiwa - i yinganekwane emisha kwesinye isihloko. Church of St Peter umPhostoli St Ivana Lestvichnika baba esinye isinyathelo ekuqiniseni ukubaluleka eMoscow.

Ukudlulisa zemikhosi

Phakathi nawo-30s kwekhulu le-14 Theognost umsebenzi esebenza ehhovisi Metropolitan Kwaletha imiphumela yokuqala ebalulekile. Isisebenzi nokunxusa isimangaliso bakhangwa uPetru ukuba eMoscow eziningi zezihambeli nabefundisi. imisebenzi benkolo abanobudlova Permanent ayizange iphumelele angayiqapheli Sabefundisi waseConstantinople - umthelela Metropolitan entsha ukunweba kuwo wonke amazwe Russian.

Ezisezikhundleni eziphakeme kunazo zonke saqala ukuxoxa nokudluliswa uMnyango Metropolitan uVladimir eMoscow. 1326 kwaba inkathi isinqumo sokugcina. ukwamukelwa Okugcwele wezikhulu eMoscow, wayeseyitholile ezigugile isihloko "Zonke Russia", ukuxhasa Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople futhi inqubomgomo non-ukuphazamiseka iGolden zidlamlilo ukuqedela lo msebenzi. Dlulisa umnyango wedolobha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow yaqedwa.

Imiphumela kufuduka

Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona ingqophamlando iSikhulu eMoscow. It esandisa isikhundla iziphathimandla zezwe, lokuhlobanisa ngayo ngokomoya. Fiognost kwaba ngokuphelele ohlangothini Ivana Kality, ukusiza yokugcina kule ukubusa emazweni angomakhelwane kuze ubukhulu eMoscow. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo Fiognost kabanzi opapa ukuphoqelela bese ususa isiqalekiso hhayi kuphela abantu, kodwa ngisho edolobheni futhi izwe. Ngakho wabeka isiqalekiso phezu abantu Pskov nasezindaweni ezizungezile lokuthi benqaba ukuwayeka isikhulu Tver Khan Ulugbek, ngaleyo ndlela ingqondo umnikazi we-Golden zidlamlilo e kuphangwa omusha nasekubhujisweni. Anathema wanika imiphumela ingabonakali - isikhulu Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Aleksandr Mihaylovich ushiye Pskov waya Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Ngemva kwalokhu, kusiqalekiso yaziphakamisa.

Ukwakheka eMoscow njengoba maphakathi nezwe Orthodox

Kunzima ukunikeza kokuhlaziywa egcwele zonke izinzuzo ukuthi baletha dolobha entsha uMnyango ukuthuthwa Metropolitan uVladimir eMoscow. Usuku lokukhumbula lesi senzakalo (1326) is kwabonakala kweminingi zemihla ngemihla kanye zemihla njengesikhathi senguquko empilweni we ubukhulu eMoscow.

Ngokwe conception yonke zedivayisi, futhi imibuso yezwe ezingokomoya lasendulo bayalingana futhi wahlanganisa. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokuthi umbuso edolobheni ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlala futhi lo mbusi, futhi Metropolitan, kwaba yemvelo futhi ezifiselekayo.

Ezombusazwe Nesonto

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zimiso, futhi umsebenzi wokuziphilisa nemithwalo emandla akamoya kwaba ngokulinganayo kuyazuzisa nokudluliswa uMnyango Metropolitan uVladimir eMoscow. Unyaka 1328 kwaba mkhosi mlando isonto ekhumbulekayo ukuthi bamake ikakhulukazi kahle ngalesi sikhathi.

Bekusikhathi bahlalisane esithile sokuthula ezweni lakithi we ubukhulu eMoscow zidlamlilo Golden - eMoscow yaceba futhi yachuma. enkantolo isikhulu futhi inkantolo Metropolitan eliseduze, futhi ubukhazikhazi ingcebo nje kunabayeni nomunye. izindwendwe Lush nokukhulekela ngesikhathi isethulo ukuze ababhishobhi babuthana enhloko-dolobha yase-ikhethelo nayiziphathimandla zesonto nezivakashi esiphakeme emazweni asempumalanga Russian futhi waseConstantinople ngokwawo. Zonke emadilini okuphuma phambili yayiqhutshelwa eMoscow nge ukuhlangana amakhulu wabantu. Ayikwazanga inselelo izimangalo eMoscow, uye ezweni ezizungezile, kodwa igunya kwenkolo kwakukuningi elingenakuphikwa: indiva Metropolitan of eMoscow wasongelwa ngokunqunywa esontweni.

Kungani kwenzekile

Omunye ngemaphuzu labalulekile kunawo, ngenxa lapho ukudluliswa uMnyango Metropolitan uVladimir eMoscow isaba khona, kwaba ukuhlinzeka ezihlukahlukene izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngesibonelelo. Kuqhathaniswa naleyo eyatholwa abameleli iziphathimandla Church principalities elingumakhelwane, izinzuzo ezazingekho, neminikelo - omkhulu. Moscow izikhulu babezifaka engozini lutho - isikhundla sabo sasinamandla kangangokuthi bangakhetha ngokuzethemba phakathi ababhishobhi athembeke kakhulu. indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa esiyingqayizivele isikhundla ezindawo ka eMoscow, futhi ukusondela elala iConstantinople. • Kushayisana ngemcondvo okwakubaluleke yokuthi Metropolitan of All Russia akusho ukuthi kuphula izithakazelo ubani phakathi izikhulu zesonto lokhu, ngakho-ke, kwaba ngokulinganayo wothando kubo bonke ababhishobhi. Metropolitan UPetru ekubeni akaphakeme eMoscow Sabefundisi, futhi owamlandela olufanele ukuguqulwa ophelele owenziwa nguJesu eMoscow ukuba inhloko-dolobha Ukholo Orthodox.