Isikhundla ezindawo ka eMoscow: izixhumanisi, indawo emephini. Izici isikhundla ezindawo ka eMoscow

Inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kuyinto eMoscow - omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Lihlala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12. Likuphi eMoscow? Ngayiphi ingxenye yezwe itholakala? Uyini umbono womhlaba eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow?

Moscow - inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia

Ngokwezazi-mlando, okokuqala eMoscow yaba inhloko-dolobha isimo Russian kudala njengoba 1340. Namuhla emzini abantu abayizigidi ezingu-12.4. Ngenxa yalesi inkomba, eMoscow ingenye yamadolobha okuyishumi okuphezulu nezwe labantu. Nangu umtapo ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu futhi omunye ezikhangayo avakashelwa - eMoscow Kremlin.

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu abakhethiwe lezi zindawo ezimpilweni zabo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uyathola eziningi nemivubukulo. Kamuva, sesimweni esikahle ezindawo ka eMoscow bakhangwa emzini abathengisi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla. Kwakamuva ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela sigqoka yesikhumba, womshini imikhiqizo bokhuni yensimbi.

Ukuzama ukuchaza umsuka igama lendawo "eMoscow", abacwaningi ihlukaniswe amakamu amabili. I umhlobo lokuqala ngayo ulimi isiSlavonic Esidala, ngawo leli gama lingase lihunyushwe ngokuthi "dampness." Lesi sakamuva bagcizelele ukuthi izimpande igama lendawo - Finnish. Kulokhu, igama yesimanje "Moscow" kungenziwa yakhiwe amagama amabili Finnish: "Mosquito" (Bear) kanye "wa" (amanzi).

Likuphi eMoscow? Ngonanzelelo zikuphi-dolobha.

indawo Geographical

Moscow - obalulekile ngokwezimali, ezesayensi kanye isikhungo yamasiko eRussia. Umuzi yasungulwa maphakathi nekhulu XII kanye namuhla kuba ugcwale kakhulu eYurophu. Uyini umbono womhlaba eMoscow? Futhi abathintekayo umlando nokuthuthukisa umuzi?

Moscow itholakala inhliziyo East European Plain, phakathi iVolga kanye Oka. Umuzi ngokwawo umi phezu UMfula iMoscow, okwakunginika ke igama layo. Moscow Relief ngempela heterogeneous: anamagquma alternate lapha izigodi ephansi amanga. Ukuphakama isilinganiso osedolobheni kuyinto 144 metres.

Ubude ingqikithi eMoscow kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu - 51,7 km, futhi usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga - 29.7 km. Esikhathini kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-osedolobheni ngale kwemingcele ye Kaluga esifundeni.

Okuningi ngokunembile indawo eMoscow eRussia kumephu ngezansi.

kwendawo kanye endaweni inhlokodolobha

Izici Zabantu isikhundla ezindawo ka eMoscow ngeke ibe ephelele ngaphandle izixhumanisi zayo. Ngakho, edolobheni Itholakala Northern naseMpumalanga ama- Zomhlaba. izixhumanisi yayo ngqo: 55 ° 45 'eNyakatho. w., 37 ° 36 'empumalanga. d. By endleleni, ku-latitude efanayo ezifana emadolobheni owaziwa ezifana Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Kazan. Ibanga esincane kusuka eMoscow kuya Russian isimo umngcele kuyinto 390 km.

Kodwa ibanga phakathi eMoscow namanye dolobha European futhi emadolobheni amakhulu Russian:

• Minsk - 675 km;
• Kiev - 750 km;
• Riga - 850 km;
• Berlin - 1620 km;
• Rome - 2380 km;
• London - 2520 km;
• Ekaterinburg - 1420 km;
• Rostov-on-Don - 960 km;
• EKhabarovsk - 6150 km;
• Petersburg - 640 km.

Moscow - idolobha dynamic kushintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, imingcele yayo ziyashintsha bebheke ukunwetshwa njalo. Njengamanje, inhlokodolobha ihlanganisa indawo ka 2561 square metres. km. Lokhu cishe Kwakufana endaweni Luxembourg.

Moscow - i ezokuthutha ihabhu ezibalulekile

isikhundla kakhulu elula ezindawo ka eMoscow nomthelela ushintsho kancane kancane emzini ezibalulekile ezokuthutha ihabhu. Emuva ngo-1155 kulezi zindawo lidlule Andrew Bogolyubskii ngezinyawo, bethwele isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso Our Lady of Vladimir. Namuhla eMoscow Rays out ezibalulekile imihubhe ezokuthutha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

I yangaphakathi ezokuthutha uhlelo kwezinkolo ezazikulo muzi futhi athuthukiswe kahle. E-Moscow esebenza zezindiza ezinhlanu naseziteshini zezitimela ayisishiyagalolunye. Zonke izindawo enhlokodolobha ezinabantu lwangena by inethiwekhi ibhasi, ibhasi yenqola tram imizila. Moscow Metro ingenye esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude ingqikithi imigqa yayo (aphume 12) - 278 amakhilomitha. By the way, ngokusho mbono, enhloko-dolobha kukhona imfihlo ongaphansi komhlaba umugqa ohlanganisa ezibiyele nge bunkers lempi yokukhosela.

izici ezivamile ubunjalo eMoscow

Inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia itholakala eslphambanweni izakhiwo ezintathu orographic. It Smolensk-Moscow upland entshonalanga, Meshchera Izimfunda ezingasogwini lwe- e empumalanga Moskva-Oka ithafa eningizimu. Kuyinto leli qiniso ukuthi uchaza heterogeneity wokukhululeka yayo. Ezinye izindawo kakhulu Kuhlehliswe eMoscow nemihosha emaweni futhi imishayo, kuyilapho abanye elisezansi flat futhi exhaphozini.

Leli dolobha kule esipholile sezulu yezwekazi okushisa isilinganiso ngoJanuwari kuya degree -10, ngoJulayi - +18 degrees. Inzika e Moscow, njengoba umthetho, ingeqi 600-650 mm ngonyaka.

Phakathi komuzi amanzi awo inqwaba emifuleni nemifudlana emincane. Elikhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kwabo - lena UMfula iMoscow, Setun, Khodynka, Neglinnaya futhi Yauza. Nokho, namuhla iningi emifuleni laseMoscow "ocashe" amadamu ngomshoshaphansi.

Khuluma-ucezu olulodwa noma ikhava inhlabathi muzi omkhulu like eMoscow akudingekile. On-free zokuhlala noma zezimboni zokwakha komuzi ezivamile nenhlabathi wapheka-podzolic.

Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi eMoscow lizungezwe amahlathi - zikaphayini, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, * nomthidari, Linden. Edolobheni elifanayo wadala eningi amapaki, izingadi nasezindaweni green. Largest park emvelo ngaphakathi dolobha - "Elk Island".

isikhundla Economic nokuma kwezwe eMoscow nokuhlola yayo

edolobheni kuzuzisa kakhulu EGP. Okokuqala, iphuzu ezokuthutha umbono. imigwaqo Okubalulekile nojantshi yokuxhuma eMoscow hhayi kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu e-Russia, kodwa futhi nabanye amazwe eduze phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa eseduze nedolobha uphethiloli enamandla futhi base Metallurgical isimo.

Isici sesibili evumayo eMoscow EGP - isimo inhloko-dolobha. Nguye kunqunywa ukubekwa therein zemizimba ezisemqoka zikahulumeni, zamanxusa, amanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zezimali.

Ngokuvamile, isikhundla evumayo ezindawo ka the Central eMoscow ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka iyisici esikhulu e nentuthuko yezomnotho. Namuhla, ngaphakathi inhlokodolobha and ezindaweni zayo ezungezile usethe nokusebenzisa khulula esishintshashintshayo kwezomnotho ezine.

Isikhundla ezindawo esifundeni laseMoscow

Uma ukhuluma ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, inhloko-dolobha njengoba itholakala izingalo esifundeni laseMoscow kanye eMoscow abakhathalelayo, njengoba uthanda ukubiza lesi sifunda ngokwethukela. Ngu ndawo, kuba ilungu 55th of the Russian Federation.

esifundeni eMoscow ngokufanele ngaphakathi ethafeni East European futhi ngqo ezincikene Kaluga, Smolensk, Tverskoj, Yaroslavl, uVladimir, Tula futhi Ryazan esifundeni. Impumuzo yesifunda ngokuyinhloko flat. Kuphela endaweni entshonalanga kancane vskholmlena.

izidubedube abacebile. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona ezifakwa elincane phosphate idwala, sandstone limestone, lignite kanye Peat. Moscow Itholakala zone of ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi kanye nehlobo ezinomswakama nobusika snowy ngokwanele. Lesigodzi yathuthukisa uxhaxha kwamanzi. Imifula elikhulu esifundeni eMoscow - Moscow, Oka, Klyazma, Sturgeon.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: endaweni cishe equidistant kusukela iziLwandle eliseduze (Black, aseBaltic, White futhi Azov). Ngokusebenzisa insimu yalo ewela by imizila yezokuthutha obalulekile wabahwebi eRussia emazweni athile aseMpumalanga Yurophu.

esifundeni Modern eMoscow - lokhu kuyinto esifundeni zezimboni ezibalulekile. Ngokusho umthamo isamba ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, yena zibalwa lesishiyagalolunye eRussia.

isiphetho

Ngakho, yini izici ovelele isikhundla ezindawo ka eMoscow? Ngenxa isiphetho uhlu yisakhiwo sodumo kakhulu kubo:

• Moscow itholakala engxenyeni European yezwe ngaleso parallel 55th yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe;
• inhlokodolobha Russian itholakala inhliziyo East European Plain, ezonini ye ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi;
• ukuba izihloko eziningi zeYurophu eMoscow lisondele e ibanga kuka kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu Russia;
• edolobheni sise-mgwaqo yemizila ezokuthutha obalulekile, sekuyisikhathi eside yokuxhuma Europe eRussia nase-Asia,
• zonke izinzuzo eMoscow indawo kuphela unezela isikhundla sayo enhloko-dolobha.