UMongameli Vashington Dzhordzh: A Biography, imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Eyokuqala umongameli American Dzhordzh Vashington kufanele unesiqu esithi zika "Yise we lawobaba." Kwakungenxa imisebenzi yakhe eNyakatho neMelika ephumile ukulawula eNgilandi, umama emazweni awo, ukuzimela yazuza kanye noMthethosisekelo yazuza. Imemori lokhu ovelele zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi immortalized isihloko inhlokodolobha yase-US, kanye nesimo, canyon emgwaqweni, amachibi, iziqhingi nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle.

INdodana ezweni Umdabuli yesifundazwe

Dzhordzh Vashington, umongameli wokuqala wase-United States, wazalwa Februwari 22, 1732 emndenini umninindawo abavelele Avgustina Vashingtona, owayehlala amakoloni North American yeVirginia. Umhloli e umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko, uyise wabo bonke izinsuku wachitha emasimini enkulu ezungeze ubunjalo babo. Umama ka owayezoba umongameli - Mary Ball Washington, kwaholela yasendlini, nikela yokuzihlanganisa nezingane ababezinikezele ezinhlanu umndeni. izifundo nalo babé ekhaya kanye imfundo kuphela, okuyinto eminyakeni yokuqala engu-George.

Eselahle eneminyaka engu-nanye kanye ngofuzo umsebenzi kayise we Umdabuli umhlaba, uMongameli esizayo Washington yaqala ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka. Kakade 1748 kokuba yingxenye yomsebenzi geodesic kwenziwe Shenandoah Valley, futhi kamuva ngonyaka waba Umdabuli olusemthethweni Culpepper County.

Ukulwa intsha owayezoba umongameli

Eminyakeni yokuqala lomuntu bakhe abaseduze kwaba half-brother Lawrence lapho unina ngemuva abakufa kwabo e 1752, uGeorge ngofuzo ifa elikhulu, esisogwini eMfuleni Potomac, ngaleyo ndlela wathola ukuzimela ngokwezimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola isikhundla nabezempi ezinkulu zalapha beqhuba imisebenzi yezempi namabutho British.

I indaba kwalesi sikhathi, ukuphila Washington ligcwele izincazelo ezempi, iningi ayezoba nomyali. Ngo 1755, ngesikhathi Kolunye lohambo lwakhe eFort Duquesne, wayiswa isiboshwa, kodwa kanye isikhathi esithile phezu okubi, bakwazi ukuletha ke kuze kube sekupheleni. Lapho emkhankasweni wempi namabutho British yaqedwa ngempumelelo, umongameli Washington, has izinga colonel, waqhubeka ukulwa French namaNdiya ahlasela izigodi ka bamakoloni wendawo.

Umshado nokuqala yezombusazwe

Ashiya izikhundla ngo-1758, useneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesithupha sobudala George wabuyela Virginia ashade umfelokazi osemusha uMarta Dandridge Custis, eyayintula kakade emshadweni wokuqala izingane ezimbili. ngezilimi okubi bathi, abese ephetha umshado, Washington wayeqondiswa ngokuyinhloko ubugovu, kodwa kusukela Umlando wabantu ababephila kuyacaca ukuthi ababekwenza ngemva wahlala ngokujabula, naphezu kokungabibikho izingane ezivame.

Dzhordzh Vashington - umongameli wokuqala we-United States - waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezombusazwe nokuhlanganyela emsebenzini we Legislative Assembly of Virginia, lapho wakhethwa esikhathini kusuka 1758 kuya 1774. Emsebenzini wakhe, bekatsatsa emgqeni sokubuyisana nabo ezweni umama, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni waseBrithani kuvimbe ukunwetshwa umhlaba Holdings yangasese ensimini ka-North American yayo amakoloni.

Isitha zodlame kanye nebangani bakhe

Eyodwa yezindlela yaseLondon oboné umthelela inqubomgomo Washington yokuduba kwezimpahla British. nomfelandawonye wayo nabangane babe kamuva baba lezo zibalo abadumile kwezombangazwe njengesilo Patrick uHenry Thomas Jefferson. Ngokusebenzisa umugqa yabo, Nokho, babemelene kunoma izinyathelo zobudlova.

It is, eyaziwa ngokukhethekile, isimo sabo sengqondo esingaqondile kakhulu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi Boston Tea Party - ukubhujiswa ngoDisemba 1773 e-Boston Harbor itiye Izimpahla ezifika waseNgilandi, ekuphenduleni lapho uhulumeni waseBrithani usefunde uchungechunge imithetho Akwamukelekile ukuthi bamakoloni.

Nalapha futhi, phakathi kwempi

Izinyathelo ezinjalo okuye kwabangela igagasi nentukuthelo phesheya kolwandle futhi kwabangela ekuqaleni empini yase-US ukuzimela. UMbusi yeContinental Army Enesikhathi ekhethwe Dzhordzh Vashington, owahamba ngesikhathi ithemba wokubuyisana lizwe nonina, eyabonakala ku Juni 1775 emhlanganweni Congress edlubhe egcwele.

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala of emkhankasweni wempi akazange iyophumelela wahola Washington. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge ukunqotshwa ophoqelelwe lizinikele kuya isitha emadolobheni amaningana abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe. Isizathu sokuba ukwehluleka, njengoba izenzakalo kamuva kwabonisa, kwaba ukuntuleka begunyazwe induna Congress.

Isithombe ishintshile kakhulu ngo-December 1776, ngemva uGeorge Washington kwase bathunyelwe amalungelo, ikubeka, kakhulu emazweni angu-isikhundla umashiqela lempi. Sokugxila namandla amakhulu ezandleni zakhe, wakwazi sikushintshe lokho manje zempi, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe amabutho anqoba anqobe izizwe eziningi. Esikhatsini lesifisha, edolobheni osendaweni ezibalulekile elathunjwa e-Boston, Saratoga, Princeton futhi Trenton.

Ukunqoba kanye nokubhekelelwa uzibuse-USA

ngokunqoba Inspired, ibutho yezwekazi kwaqhubeka kuthuthuka, nokuxoshwa isitha yonke indawo, okuyinto kakhulu anda ngalezo zinsuku isithunzi US enkundleni ngamazwe. Umphumela wezenzo zabo okhazimulayo amabutho waseBrithani waqala sokunikela, ngemvume Novemba 18, 1781. Winning umvuthwandaba waba yisiboshwa Novemba 1783 e-Paris ukuthula sivumelwano ophela imisebenzini yezempi futhi okwakubekelwa ukuqashelwa kutimela USA.

Ngemva esiphethweni enqobile empini, ebekiwe umqhele wenkazimulo oyinhloko washiya isikhundla sakhe wabuyela ekhaya ngo ifa Mount Vernon, kanye wayethole njengoba isipho. Waqala esigabeni esisha wokuphila, ositshela ke, ijwayelekile zonke baseMelika yesimanje, biography. Dzhordzh Vashington kusuka Umkhuzi yaphenduka Inqubomgomo ohlakaniphile.

Ukudalwa soMthethosisekelo

Isinyathelo sakhe sokuqala of civil izinhlamvu steel, aqondiswa ku-kobuholi bonke US uthi lapho yena, ukuze alondoloze ubuqotho yezwe, abizelwe ukuyobusa sokuhlanganiswa olunzulu igunya central. Ikakhulukazi, Washington okuqaliswe kwavukelwa Massachusetts abalimi emelene nohulumeni akhethwe ngokusemthethweni Boston, njengoba ikhambi zonke umehluko wabona indlela ngokomthethosisekelo kuphela.

Sikhishwe impumelelo yakhe yangaphambilini nokubukwa bezepolitiki, izakhamuzi oyikhethile inhloko yabangamashumi Washington Convention, okuyinto isebenza 1778 ngasondelana kuze US uMthethosisekelo. kokuqiniswa yayo ngempela okusheshayo yibo bonke nantathu uthi ke ingxenye yezwe ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa ukweleta Washington igunya ukwamukeleka ngaphandle kokungatshazwa, mathupha wahola emsebenzini kule dokhumenti.

Njengoba umongameli wase-United States

NgokoMthethosisekelo, inhloko state nomongameli, futhi lesi sikhundla Dzhordzh Vashington Enesikhathi akhethwe wonke amalungu Electoral College ekupheleni April 1789. yibobonke enjalo ephathelene candidacy yakhe icala esiyingqayizivele lonke emlandweni okwalandela yezwe.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uMongameli Washington baqiniswa elinye ihlandla, nakuba mathupha emkhankasweni wokhetho akazange iqhaza. Ngokusho isinqumo Congress, nomholo wakhe wonyaka baba izinkulungwane 25. Dollars. Ukuthi indoda kuvikelwe, Washington kusuka kuye waqale wenqaba, kodwa kamuva yathola kungenzeka ukwamukela imali.

UMthethosisekelo - mthetho omkhulu isimo ukuphila

Dzhordzh Vashington - UMengameli waseMelika, oye wahola ukudalwa emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi, wonke amabutho zathumela ukugxilisa izakhamuzi nokuhlonipha uMthethosisekelo. Njengoba sobeshade officio yisiboniso zayo, ayisibonelo esabonisa nenhlonipho yakhe ejulile mthetho eyisisekelo isimo, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi kuphela isibonelo kungase kucindezele inhlonipho izakhamuzi zawo.

Njengoba Washington abe ngumengameli ngesikhathi lapho US State kuphela ngasibuyisela izimfanelo zakhe, wabuye alalelwa elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni emagatsheni awo amathathu amandla. Ngenxa Umbusi ohlakaniphile, wadala endaweni yakhe ngokushesha, eqondiswa ngokuyinhloko izimfanelo bokusungula nezobuchwepheshe candidates for izikhundla eziphakeme. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha ithimu, omsebenzi wakhe lwaveza umphumela efanele.

Izici ezithile wokubusa Washington

Akumangalisi, umongameli Washington, kukhona phakathi izinkanuko zezombusazwe, abazange ukunikeza ntandokazi ebonakalayo kunoma omunye amaqembu. Wayebonakala ukuthi kuthathwe ukungathathi-hlangothi, aqede icala sokuchema yezinye iinqunto zayo. Ukuba ilungelo Veto izinqumo Congress okunganambitheki kuye, uMongameli Washington esetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokuzama ukuba singabonisi uholwe siqu izintandokazi zabo siqu, kodwa kuphela njengoba kudingwa ngumthetho.

Impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu umongameli wokuqala we-United States kwaba ukwamukelwa Bill odumile Rights, olwenziwa ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe ngokusebenzisa Congress Senator Madison. It is eyaziwa ukuthi ngemva term yakhe yesibili wanxusa ukusebenzisa okwesithathu (impumelelo yafinyelelwa), kodwa wenqaba. Lokhu Washington wabeka izisekelo isiko, kamuva abizwa ngokuthi sihloko okuhambisanayo yomthetho, owawuthi uMongameli angeke akhethwe ezingaphezu kuka kabili.

ekupheleni banal omkhulu wokuphila

Dzhordzh Vashington washona ngoDisemba 14, 1799. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwale ndoda esikhulu saba abandayo, wathola ngesikhathi ngamahhashi ugibele enakho. Medicine kuleyo minyaka ayibanga namandla ngokumelene izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, obonakaliswe laryngitis acute kanye nenyumoniya.

Ukuze indima Washington ukudlalwa yokufuna US ukuzimela kanye kumiswa lonke uhlelo lombuso, inkumbulo inzalo, wabonga egcotshwa nge isihloko "uYise Besizwe. ' wase-US kusukela Washington - Dzhon Adams - amsekela emasikweni zokuhlola ezasungulwa eyandulela wakhe, futhi lokhu kwakungemva ukudalwa umphakathi eqinile yeningi.