Emikhubeni yobuqaba of zangaphambi kobuKristu Russia: incazelo, amasiko, imikhuba amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngaphambi umbhaphathizo Rus empumalanga lwamaSlav babekhulekela onkulunkulu abaningi yobuqaba. inkolo yabo kanye izinganekwane zashiya izibazi endleleni zokuphila zansuku zonke. LwamaSlav wayekwenza inqwaba imikhuba amasiko athile ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne kela onkulunkulu bamanga noma amadlozi.

Umlando imikhosi Slavic yobuqaba

I wobuqaba wasendulo isiko zangaphambi kobuKristu iRussia yayinabantu izimpande zenkolo. Eastern lwamaSlav kwadingeka nenqwaba yabo. Lalihlanganisa onkulunkulu abaningi, okuyinto ngokuvamile lingachazwa ngokuthi imimoya enamandla bemvelo. Lamasiko, amasiko kanye namasiko lwamaSlav kwakulingana namahlelo nayo lezi zilwane.

Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile imikhuba abantu kwaba ikhalenda. emikhubeni yobuqaba of zangaphambi kobuKristu Russia ngokuvamile kuhlobene nezinga ngosuku oluthile. Kungaba iholidi noma ngosuku lwesabatha ukuba abanye unkulunkulu. ikhalenda enjalo iyawakha phezu izizukulwane eziningi. Kancane kancane, waqala zivumelana umjikelezo kwezomnotho, lapho abalimi Russia wahlala.

Lapho, ngo-988, Grand Prince uVladimir Elikhulu wabhapathizwa izwe lakhe, labantu waqala kancane kancane bayakhohlwa imicikilisho yabo yenkolo eyayiyithempeli lamaqaba. Yiqiniso, le nqubo lobuKristu yahamba ngokushelela hhayi yonke indawo. Ngokuvamile abantu evikela ukholo zabo zangaphambili izingalo. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube ubuqaba XII leminyaka kwaba eziningi langanakwa inyumbazane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye imikhosi odlule namasiko bakwazi ukuzwana nobuKristu futhi ukuthatha isimo esisha.

yokuqamba

Yayiyini yamaqaba namasiko nendlela bangakusiza? AmaSlav wabanika umuzwa ojulile esisebenzayo. Lamasiko sizungezwe zonke izakhamuzi zaseRussia konke ukuphila kwakhe kungakhathaliseki isizwe yena wayevela inyunyana.

Noma yimuphi ewusana olusanda kuzalwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe badabula isiko yokuqamba. Ngamaqaba kukhethwa igama ingane yabo, sasibalulekile. Simelele kwakuxhomeke isiphetho umuntu, ngakho abazali kungaba azimisele inketho u-Adalberto isikhathi eside. Kulesi emcimbini kwaba khona omunye incazelo. Qamba umuntu usungula Kwalimaza ubuhlobo bami nomkhaya wakhe. Ngokuvamile-ke kungaba azimisele lapho uhlanga Slav.

emikhubeni yobuqaba of zangaphambi kobuKristu Russia bebelokhu kokuhileleka enkolweni. Ngakho-ke, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-ze ngegama usana akakwazanga ukuthatha indawo ngaphandle iqhaza izazi. Lezi nabathakathi, ngokuvumelana izinkolelo lwamaSlav, bakwazi ukuxhumana nemimoya. Bona fixed kukhethwa abazali, kunjengokungathi "uvumela" nge yonkulunkulu yayo ababaziwa yobuqaba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uqambe nosana ekugcineni wangenza azitshelwa inkolelo Slavic lasendulo.

Raskreschivanie

Yokuqamba kwaba isiko lokuqala saziso lapho ilungu uhlanga Slavic ngamunye. Kodwa isiko wayengeyena zokugcina, hhayi oyedwa kuphela. Uye waba yini amasiko zangaphambi kobuKristu wamaqaba Russia? Kafushane, kanye Basebegcwaliswa bonke okusekelwe ezinkolelweni, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona elinye isiko, okuvumela umuntu ukubuyela esifubeni ukholo umama. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi mlando raskreschivaniem.

Ngempela, phakathi lwamaSlav sinikeze ithuba ukuba balahle ubuKristu futhi ubuyele inkolo yokhokho bawo. Ukuze ozahlanjululwa ukholo alien, kwakudingekile ukuba aye ethempelini. Kwakuwusuku igama sethempeli lamaqaba, eklanyelwe ukuqhuba emcimbini. Lezi zindawo afihliwe emahlathini ezikude kakhulu zaleli Russia noma o-Ashera ezincane zone asemaqeleni. Kukholakala ukuthi lapha, kude impucuko nemizana ezinkulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ababhula ngezinkanyezi ukuxhumana onkulunkulu bamanga sinamandla ikakhulukazi.

Umuntu ofuna ukuba balahle lesiGreki ukholo olusha alien, kwadingeka ukuba alethe ofakazi abathathu. Lokhu dinga yi emikhubeni yobuqaba of zangaphambi kobuKristu eRussia. Libanga 6 esikoleni, ngokusho uhlelo ejwayelekile, ukutadisha ebusweni nje ngokoqobo isikhathi. Slav Ngaguqa ukupela umthakathi ufunde - isikhalo imimoya nawonkulunkulu ngesicelo ukusula esizwe utshwala nokho engahlose bubi ekungcolisweni. Ekupheleni emcimbini kwakufanele aqikelele ukuthatha cwilisa in the emfuleni oseduze (noma ugeza) ukuqedela isiko yibo bonke imithetho. Lezo zinto zenziwa yilawa amasiko ke kanye namasiko. inkolelo Lobuqaba, imimoya ezindaweni ezingcwele - konke lokhu kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoba zonke Slav. Ngakho-ke raskreschivanie kwaba nesenzakalo njalo emakhulwini X-XI. Khona-ke abantu ngakho ukubhikisha ngokumelene inqubomgomo Kiev State olusemthethweni okuhloswe ngazo esikhundleni ubuqaba ubuKristu Bobu-Orthodox.

lomshado

AmaSlav lasendulo eRussia kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso umcimbi lomshado ukuthi ekugcineni waqinisekisa ukungena insizwa noma intombi waze waba mdala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila engenabantwana waba yisibonakaliso bebancane, ngoba kule Uma kwenzeka owesilisa noma owesifazane ongaqhubeki uhlanga lwakhe. Lezi izihlobo ezikhulile ziphathwe ukulahlwa undisguised.

emikhubeni yobuqaba of zangaphambi kobuKristu Russia ayehlukile ngesimo sawo eminye imininingwane, kuncike esifundeni kanye umfelandawonye zamaKhosi. Noma kunjalo, bonke imfanelo ebalulekile emshadweni izingoma. Benza ilungelo ngaphansi amafasitela endlu, okuyinto kwadingeka aqale ukuphila abashadayo. On the table samaholide Kumelwe ubeke imiqulu, amakhekhe, amaqanda, ubhiya newayini. The main uswidi kwaba isinkwa lomshado, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubelokhu iwuphawu kwengcebo eningi omkhaya esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, sasibhakwe nge esikalini esikhethekile. wedding emcimbini isikhathi eside waqala nge ukufanisa. Ekupheleni umkhwenyana kwakudingekile ukuba akhokhe ubaba kamakoti ngomhlatjelo.

housewarming

Yonke imikhaya abasha wathuthela endlini yabo. Ukukhethwa yokuhlala e lwamaSlav lasendulo wayeyisibonelo isiko ezibalulekile. I ke izinganekwane kuhlanganisa abaningi izidalwa okubi abaye bakwazi ukuqondisa ukulimala endlini. Ngakho-ke, ikhaya indawo wakhethwa ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukubhula imilingo. Lonke isiko kungenziwa ngokuthi Housewarming isiko, ngaphandle kulo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ekuqaleni ukuphila okugcwele nje uvele umndeni.

isiko lobuKristu futhi emasikweni Rus yobuqaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eduze okwakuthandelene nomunye. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ezinye imicikilisho ubudala yayikhona isifundazwe nesifundazwe ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX. Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingabe indawo efanelekayo yokwakha maqhugwane. Wayengase ukushiya imbiza ngobusuku nge spider ngaphakathi. Uma umlawuli wekhompyutha yahlanganisa web, kusho ukuthi indawo efanelekayo. Futhi ihlolwe ukuphepha usebenzisa izinkomo. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo. Izilwane ziklaba icebo ivulekile. Indawo lapho inkomo walala, futhi wajabula ngoba eqhugwaneni entsha.

caroling

AmaSlav babe iqembu ahlukene okuthiwa umthetho imikhuba. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuzo kwakucatshangwa caroling. Lo mkhuba ubizwa enziwa minyaka yonke ngokuhlanganyela ekuqaleni umjikelezo entsha waminyaka yonke. Ezinye yobuqaba imikhosi lwamaSlav (Slavic amaholide e-Russia) ngasinda yobuKristu yezwe. Lokhu kwaba kanye caroling. It azigcina izici eziningi emkhubeni asendulo obuqaba, nakuba eqala isikhathi Orthodox Christmas Eve.

Kodwa ngisho lwamaSlav kakhulu wasendulo ngokwezifiso kosuku ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane, iyaqala ngokudlula emizaneni bomdabu beyofuna okukhona. Ngo imibuthano enjalo, njengoba umthetho, intsha kuphela wathatha ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba futhi emkhosini ukuzijabulisa. Kolyadovschiki ryadilis e skomoroshnye amasudi wahamba endlini kamakhelwane, ngokumemezela yabo mayelana ukugubha oluzayo of ukuzalwa okusha kwelanga. Lokhu kwasho ukuphela isingathekiso ubudala womjikelezo waminyaka yonke. Ryadilis ngokuvamile izilwane zasendle noma funny izingubo.

Kalinov kwebhuloho

Isihluthulelo sale isiko yobuqaba kwaba imicikilisho ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Waqeda kwasemhlabeni yomuntu, nasezihlotsheni zakhe, ngakho goodbye kuya oshonile. Kuye esifundeni, ngokuyisisekelo umngcwabo lwamaSlav washintsha. Ngokuvamile, umuntu wangcwatshwa ethuneni, lapho, ngaphandle komzimba, ubeke izinto zabo woshonile, ukuze bakhonze kuye kwelizayo. Nokho, imifelandawonye yezizwana Krivichy Vyatichi ngokuphambene linwetshelwe esivuthayo isiko umufi esigxotsheni.

Isiko zangaphambi kobuKristu Russia yayisekelwe izifundo eziningi basezinganekwaneni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumbelwa yayiqhutshelwa ngokuvumelana inkolelo Kalinovoye kwebhuloho (ibhuloho noma Star). Ngo izinganekwane Slavic Lalingubani igama emkhondweni yabafileyo abahlala emhlabeni, okuyinto umphefumulo womuntu owawuse ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ibhuloho baba angenakuvinjwa nababulali, izigebengu, abakhohlisi nabadlwenguli.

Odwendweni lomngcwabo lidlule ibanga elide, owawufanekisela uhambo umphefumulo oshonile kwelizayo. Ngokulandelayo, umzimba wabekwa ukuntshontsha. Kwakuwusuku igama eziphonsa emlilweni wokushisa isidumbu emngcwabeni. amagatsha akhe zapolonyayut notshani. indoda Dead sigqoke izembatho ezimhlophe. Ngaphandle kwakhe, washisa ngisho izipho ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ukudla yesikhumbuzo. Umzimba Kwakumelwe nakanjani amanga bebheke izinyawo akho entshonalanga. Bonfire ovuthayo umpristi noma umndeni umdala.

idili Funeral

Ebala imishikashika okwakukhona emikhubeni yobuqaba e yesikhathi sangaphambi kobuKristu eRussia, ingasaphathwa-ke umkhosi emngcwabeni. Ingabe isihloko ingxenye umngcwabo yesibili. Lalinama idili emngcwabeni ephelezelwa ukudansa, imidlalo kanye nemincintiswano. Futhi wayekwenza imihlatshelo umthandazo collective ukuze amadlozi. Basiza ungaduduzeka abasindile.

onesizotha Ikakhulukazi idili Funeral kwakunjalo zomngcwabo of amasosha owalwela ezweni lawo evela izitha futhi abangabazi. Abaningi yesikhathi sangaphambi kobuKristu Slavic amasiko, amasiko kanye namasiko esekelwe ihlelo amandla. Ngakho-ke, amadoda angamaqhawe wasebenzisa leli umphakathi maqondana yobuqaba ekhethekile like abantu abavamile, futhi abantu abahlakaniphile abase bekwazi ukuxhumana amadlozi. Phakathi emadilini babe migilingwane lodumo nesibindi emachawe Knights.

ukubhula

Ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene kwakungamadodana ukubhula Slavic lasendulo. isiko lobuKristu futhi emikhubeni yobuqaba ezixutshanisiwe e X-XI eminyaka., Kwesobunxele namuhla imigidi namasiko lolu hlobo eziningi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eziningi izakhamizi inhlanhla eRussia kulahlekile futhi ukhohliwe. Ezinye zazo zilondolozwe ku ethandwa inkumbulo sibonga umsebenzi ngokucophelela folklorists kuhlale ambalwa emashumini.

Ukubhula esekelwe yokukhulekela lwamaSlav enezici izwe yemvelo - .. Izihlahla, amatshe, amanzi, umlilo, imvula, ilanga, umoya, njll Okunye leyo micikilisho kudingekile ukwazi ikusasa lakhe, Kwakuseshwa isikhalo imimoya yokhokho. Kancane kancane bakha ikhalenda esiyingqayizivele Slavic esekelwe ngemijikelezo yemvelo, abangu eqinisekisiwe ngaphansi kwazo uma kuhamba phambili ukugcina baqagela.

Imicikilisho yemilingo zazidingeka ukuze uthole ukuthi yini kuyoba impilo izihlobo, sokuvuna, inzalo evela izinkomo, ingcebo, nokunye. D. ezivamile abangu ukuqagela ngomshado futhi umkhwenyana oluzayo noma umakoti. Ukuze ukuqhuba lo mkhosi, lwamaSlav zathathwa ezindaweni eziqhelile, futhi nginesizungu - engasasetshenziswa, isihlahla o-Ashera, amangcwaba, njll Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba lalihlala imimoya khona abaye bafunda futhi esikhathini esizayo ...

Night Ivan Kupala

Ngenxa amarekhodi kusele izingxenyana nje ze futhi akuphelele komlando sikhathi emasikweni wamaqaba zangaphambi kobuKristu eRussia, ngo-Kafushane, ziye kancane wafunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla ukuthi babé yinto enhle kakhulu zizalela emhlabathini ukucabangela futhi "ucwaningo" yenziwe ngobudlabha abalobi ezahlukene. Kodwa kukhona umthetho bese okuhlukile. Omunye wabo celebration ebusuku ka-Ivan Kupala.

Lo mgubho kazwelonke kwakusekelwe ezizathwini ngosuku oluthile - 24 Juni. Lolu suku (noma kunalokho ebusuku) iqondana no-ngenjikalanga ehlobo - nesikhathi esifushane uma emini ifinyelela irekhodi yaminyaka yonke ubude bayo. Qonda ukuthi kusho i lwamaSlav Ivan Kupala, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa emikhubeni yobuqaba ezazisemizini zangaphambi kobuKristu eRussia. Incazelo yaleli holidi itholakala zemihla eziningana (isib Gustynsky).

Umkhosi iqala neqiniso lokuthi yisikhumbuzo uzilungiselele izitsha baba imihlatshelo kumemori amadlozi bamuka. Enye imfanelo ebalulekile ebusuku iyona ukubhukuda okukhulu kwamanzi ngokwemvelo emfuleni noma echibini, lapho umfana wendawo iqhaza. Kukholakala ukuthi amanzi Midsummer ithole amandla amangalisayo ephulukisa. Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa eyigeza iziphethu engcwele. Kwakuhlangene yokuthi, ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo lwamaSlav lasendulo, kwezinye izindawo emifuleni abavamile yayigcwala mermaids nezinye imimoya emibi, ngomumo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukweba indoda ezansi.

The main isiko Kupala ebusuku elivuthayo elalenziwa umlilo. Zonke yasemakhaya intsha kusihlwa ukuhlangana izinkuni uphethiloli ngokwanele kuze kube sekuseni. Circle nangemidanso emhlabeni umlilo, jumping phezu kwakhe. Ngokusho ezinganekwaneni, lo mlilo Kwakungelula, futhi elihlanza avela emimoyeni emibi. Eduze komlilo Kwakumelwe sihambele zonke abesifazane. Ungabi eholidini futhi akazange ahileleke umkhuba kubhekwe abathakathi.

Kupala ebusuku ke kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ngaphandle ukweqisa isiko. Lapho kuqala leli holidi emphakathini inkanyezi ukuzithiba evamile. Ukugubha intsha kungenzeka ukuntshontsha angajeziswa izinto amayadi angu zabanye abantu, ukuze asuse yakubo bomdabu noma aphonse ophahleni. Emigwaqweni kwakhiwa ngothango yamahlaya esahlupha lonke izakhamizi. Young baphendula ezinqoleni caulk noshimula futhi t. D. Ngokusho emasikweni kwesikhathi, efana ukuziphatha yinkambiso wabonakalisa wentokozo ukuzitika izintwala. Umsebenzi wawusuvinjelwe athathwa kuphela ngobusuku obubodwa. Nge ekupheleni iholide emuva umphakathi evamile ekuphileni elinganisiwe.