Negesi laser: Uhlolojikelele, izici, ukusebenza isimiso

The main ingxenye ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi laser kuyinto okuthiwa naphakathi asebenzayo. It hhayi kuphela ungumthombo ukugeleza ohlangothini, kodwa kwezinye embodiments ingase kakhulu ngcono. Kuyinto lesi sici ingxube igesi futhi ube projecting izidakamizwa asebenzayo laser izinhlelo. Ngakho kukhona onobuhle ezahlukene kumadivayisi enjalo, futhi isakhiwo ezingafani izici nelondekile. Noma kunjalo, i-laser igesi kunezinzuzo eziningi, owamsiza ukuthatha indawo eqiniswa arsenal wamabhizinisi eziningi zezimboni.

Izici yesenzo medium gaseous

Ngokwesiko ezihambisana ngemisebe ye-laser okuqinile-wombuso kanye imvelo ketshezi kunikela kumiswa ugongolo ukukhanya nokusebenza kunesidingo. Ngakho igesi kunezinzuzo ka ukufana kanye kwabantu aphansi. Lezi zimfanelo ukuvumela ngentambo laser akuyona ehlanekezelwe onge amandla futhi akusho ukudamba. Futhi igesi laser libhekene anda directivity radiation, ichaza kumkhawulo kuphela umumo womsebenzi yokukhanya. Uma kuqhathaniswa ngemizimba esiqinile igesi kuyizinhlayiyana ukuxhumana kwenzeka kuphela ukushayisana ngaphansi ukufuduka ezishisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, bohlu zamandla yamathebhu oluhambisana amandla ezingeni ngayinye izinhlayiya ngabanye.

Negesi laser apharathasi

kwakhiwa ama-apharathasi Classical amadivayisi esinjalo ngamapayipi uphawu nge naphakathi obusebenzayo gaseous, kanye elalinembobo optical. I tube osenyameni ngokuvamile eyenziwe zobumba alumina. Ibekwe phakathi iphrizimu nesibuko Ukuzindla a isilinda beryllium. Ukudedelwa senziwa ezigabeni ezimbili nge cathode ezivamile endaweni lamanje njalo. Oksidnotantalovye cathodes abandayo zivame leyabantu izingxenye ezimbili esebenzisa spacers Kwe-dielectric Heating iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa iyunifomu zamanje. Futhi, apharathasi igesi laser sihlinzekela anodes - umsebenzi wabo wenza insimbi engagqwali, anikezelwe Izifutho cleaner. Lezi zici unikeze nezimo uxhumano tube nezibhebhe futhi umnikazi esibukweni.

Umgomo we operation

Ukuze ukugcwalisa umzimba ekhuthele igesi amandla isicelo esithweni kagesi, okuyinto yilabo abake ku umgodi we electrode kudivayisi tube. Esikhathini ukushayisana we-electron kanye negesi izinhlayiya kuyinto excitation yabo. Lokhu kudala ukuthi siyini isisekelo ekushayweni izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Sishukunyiswe ekushayweni amaza okukhanya ku inyuka tube ngesikhathi ndima zabo ngokusebenzisa plasma igesi. izibuko Ukudalulwa enisemikhawulweni uMbhalo isisekelo isiqondiso eyinhloko yokucucuza ukukhanya. A Isibuko semitransparent ehlinzekwe nge laser igesi, ukukhethela ugongolo ohlangothini we ucezu izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, futhi ingxenye esele yalo kubonakala ngaphakathi tube, ukusekela umsebenzi ngemisebe.

izici

I ububanzi kwangaphakathi tube osenyameni uqobo 1.5 mm. Ububanzi oksidnotantalovogo cathode ongafinyelela 48 mm 51 mm ubude isici. Kulesi design usebenza ngaphansi DC voltage 1000 V. Le-helium-neon amandla laser emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni elincane futhi, njengoba umthetho, ibalwa eshumini a Watt.

Amamodeli carbon dioxide ezihilela ukusetshenziswa amashubhu nge ububanzi 2 kuya ku-10 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi laser igesi ezisebenza imodi eqhubekayo sinesikhundla eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngokombono walaba ukusebenza, lokhu isici ngezinye izikhathi plus, kodwa ukuze silondoloze umsebenzi ozinzile zinsizakuphila zidinga esibukweni eqinile futhi okunokwethenjelwa nge high izakhiwo optical. Ngokuvamile, bocwepheshe futhi isafire usebenzisa metal izakhi yokwelashwa igolide.

ezihlukahlukene lasers

Ukwahlukaniswa main kusho lasers enjalo ngokwahlukana uhlobo igesi ingxube. Kakade okukhulunywa izici onobuhle asebenzayo carbon umzimba, kodwa futhi ion ezivamile, helium-neon futhi imvelo zamakhemikhali. ion igesi lasers zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity ezishisayo womshini isakhiwo kudivayisi. Ikakhulu, i-esetshenziswa izakhi cermet nemininingwane ngesisekelo beryllium izitsha zobumba. Helium-neon imvelo ingaqalisa banemibono engafani ka amaza okushisa ku ebonakalayo ukukhanya bohlu. Elalinembobo izibuko zinsizakuphila zinezikhathi kokuba ezinengilazi multilayer Kwe-dielectric Heating.

lasers Chemical kukhona wodwana gas amapayipi. Futhi basikisela ukusetshenziswa njengendlela ukusebenza igesi naphakathi ingxube, kodwa ukwakheka kwamagesi ukukhanya inikezwa ukusabela zamakhemikhali. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana igesi isetshenziselwa excitation zamakhemikhali. Amadivayisi yalolu hlobo ezisizayo e bakwazi ukuqondisa ukwedlulela amandla amakhemikhali ku emisebeni kagesi.

Ukusetshenziswa igesi lasers

Cishe zonke lasers yalolu hlobo zinezikhathi ngezinga eliphezulu nokwethenjelwa, ukuqina kanye ngentengo ephansi. Lezi zici eyaholela ekusetshenzisweni yabo okwandile kulezo zimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, helium-neon apharathasi ziye zasetshenziswa yokululama kanye nokusebenza ngokulungisa lwenziwa umsebenzi zami shipbuilding futhi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfanelo lasers helium-neon kukhona ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku izinhlangano optical zokuxhumana, ekuthuthukiseni ngezinto zokwakha holographic futhi gyroscopes quantum. Kube khona ngaphandle ngombono ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo, futhi laser argon igesi, isicelo sakhe sikhombisa kahle ekucubungululeni impahla. Ikakhulukazi, amadivayisi njenge ukukhonza njengephayona imishini yokusaha izingodo Umqophi nezinsimbi.

Izibuyekezo gas lasers

Uma sicabanga lasers ngokuya izakhiwo ukusebenza evumayo, abasebenzisi abaningi ukubika directivity okusezingeni eliphezulu nekhwalithi isiyonke ugongolo ukukhanya. Lezo zici zingachazwa ngezinqubo encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ukuhlanekezela optical kungakhathaliseki imvelo lokushisa. Ngokuqondene nemibi, lungaba ukudalulwa abezindaba gaseous kudinga voltage ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, helium-neon igesi laser kanye namadivayisi ezisebenza ngesisekelo carbon dioxide Izingxube, zidinga eside kagesi power uxhumano. Kodwa, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, umphumela ufaneleke uqobo. Ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ongaphakeme-amandla, futhi uthole namadivayisi ezinkulu amandla ezingaba khona.

isiphetho

Amathuba osenyameni ihlangana imigomo yokusetshenziswa yabo laser izinhlelo Namanje insufficiently esetshenzisiwe. Noma kunjalo, isidingo imishini enjalo Sekuyisikhathi eside ezikhulayo ngempumelelo, azakhele niche ezifanele futhi emakethe. I kabanzi kunazo laser igesi etholwe umkhakha. Lisetshenziswa njengendlela ithuluzi ukuzibona ahlabayo ehlanzekile izinto eziqinile. Kodwa zikhona izingqinamba ekusakazekeni imishini enjalo. Okokuqala, kuba okusheshayo bafake isici substrate, okuyinto kunciphisa UKUQINA insimbi. Okwesibili, kufanele izidingo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukunikeza osenyameni kagesi ezidingekile beamforming.