Rasul Gamzatov: Biography, lokusungula, umndeni, izithombe, izingcaphuno

Akwaziwa Avar imbongi kweSoviet sikhathi, Rasul Gamzatov wazalwa ngo-1923, September 8, e Tsada (kule ndawo esifundeni Khunzakh Dagestan ASSR). Uyise, Gamzat Tsadasa kwaba imbongi kazwelonke we-republic lwakhe lwendabuko, Prize ka Umklomelo State kweSoviet Union, nonina - Handulay Gaydarbekgadzhievna Gamzatov (1888-1965) - wayengowesifazane elula Asian, ukunakekela ikhaya.

izinsuku School

Njengazo zonke izingane Soviet, oneminyaka engu-7, ie ngo-1930, Rasul Gamzatov baya ukufunda esikoleni samabanga aphakeme Araninska kwaba ngempela ngenkuthalo, uhlakaniphile futhi umfundi yonke into eziyibonayo. Ikakhulukazi wajabulela ukulalela izindaba uyise mayelana iqhawe abadumile Shamil, okwathi ngemva kokuthola ayisishiyagalombili kwalimala ngokusebenzisa inhliziyo, laliqhubeka nokulwa. Wakwazi nomunye ngomvimbo inkemba yakhe ukusika umgibeli ne ihhashi kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Rasul spellbound ukulalela indaba onesibindi Naib Hadji Murad. Kamuva wahumushela inkondlo Lva Tolstogo ngalokhu iqhawe ngolimi lwakubo. Okunye izinhlamvu ozithandayo imbongi babe Hochbar edume kanye chohsky handsome Kamal Bashir. Konke lokhu ngoba ubuzwe Rasula Gamzatova - Avar, futhi waba nesithakazelo zonke izindaba ezinikezwa mayelana esidlule nobuqhawe abantu bakhe. Wayethanda futhi ulalele amazwi izingoma avela kuye lo oculayo edume Mahmoud uthando. Mayelana umlando abantu bakhe wayazi kusukela lezi zindaba. Futhi Rasul kancane bathandile ukulalela izinkondlo ezibhalwe uyise. Ngokushesha, wafunda ngenhliziyo.

Rasul Gamzatov. Ingemuva: izinyathelo zokuqala njengoba imbongi

Lapho eseneminyaka engu-9 kuphela ubudala, wabhala izinkondlo zakhe kuqala. Kusukela ngalolo suku kuqhubeke umugca kusuka esibayeni sakhe agelezé njengoba kusuka a Cornucopia. Kwakumelwe esikoleni sakhe abangane nengane efunda nayo esikoleni, othisha, nokunye. D. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-13 (uma Rasul Gamzatov nje wathuthela grade yesikhombisa) kwelinye lamaphephandaba Avar, okungukuthi ku "kwamaBolshevik ezintabeni", eshicilelwe omunye izinkondlo zakhe. Umbhali odumile Rajab Dinmagomaev, Gamzatov kazwelonke wabhala i Ukukhuluma esinodumo lo mkhiqizo. Ngemva kwalokho Rasul bese eshicilelwe ngezincwadi ezihlukahlukene endaweni Khunzakh e Buynakskovskoy ephephandabeni lendawo, kanye iphephandaba lesizwe masonto onke "kwamaBolshevik ezintabeni." Njengoba isidlaliso insizwa uqobo wayengekho, wayesebanga usayine okudala igama uyise - Tsadasa. Kodwa ngolunye usuku ompunga mountaineer wambonisa Okwangimangaza ngesikhathi ushintsho isitayela uyise. Futhi ukuze kudidaniswe Tsadasa, wathatha igama alias kayisemkhulu. Manje wayesekwazi imbongi abasha Avar abathwala igama Rasul Gamzatov.

intsha

Ngemva kokuphothula ekilasini esikoleni esiphakeme 8 esizayo imbongi edumile bafaka amaphepha Avar Mfundisi Training College edolobheni Buynaksk. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, kunguye uthisha mazibuyiselwe esikoleni lwakubo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile yena wajoyina i-Avar State Theatre njengenhlangano umqondisi umsizi bese kwenhloko yomnyango bazinza Dagestan iphephandaba "kwamaBolshevik ezintabeni", okuyinto wasebenza njengoMbhishobhi umlobeli othile. Khona-ke isiphetho wamletha umsakazo Dagestan, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile wayengumuntu umhleli ukudluliswa.

Moscow

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho walahlekelwa umfowabo, Rasul Gamzatov kuhanjiswe ku Moscow ukuzofunda eMoscow Literary Institute kubo. Gorky. Ingabe samenta ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo Lak imbongi effendi Kapiev, abezwa izinkondlo zakhe ziye zahunyushelwa isiRashiya, ngangilithanda ithalente we Avar abasha. By the way, ngaphambi kokuthuthela eMoscow, le nsizwa yayingumuntu ilungu Writers 'Union. Gamzatov ulwazi ngesiRashiya Babengaphezu kwamashumi ukwanele yokwemukela Literary Institute, kodwa umqondisi, Fedoru Vasilevichu Gladkovu, bathandile ngakho izinguqulo izinkondlo zakhe, waziba amaphutha amaningi enziwe izinsizwa e ngesibitelo, walibhala inani labafundi wavuma. Mhlawumbe yena unalo umbono ukuthi ubhekene imbongi edumile esizayo, hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo. Ngempela, ngemva kweminyaka engu-kakade kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union sasazi ngubani Rasul Gamzatov. Umlando wakhe kulesi sikhathi kwaphawula ukuqala indlela yakhe umsebenzi njengoba isibalo kwezincwadi eSoviet Union.

Tadisha e-Institute. Gorky

Lapha e-sikhungo, Avar abasha wathola izinto eziningi ezintsha. Izinkondlo kwembulwa kuye ngombono omusha. Okuningi futhi zijwayele umsebenzi abalobi abahlukahlukene Russian angaphandle, isikhathi ngasinye lapho aqala khona ukuthandana kwelinye ke kwenye. Phakathi Izintandokazi wakhe kwakungamadodana Block, Yesenin, Bagritsky, Mayakovsky, futhi-ke, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Lermontov, nabakwamanye amazwe kuye ayeseduze kakhulu imisebenzi Heine. Ngo-1950, imbongi Rasul Gamzatov iziqu. Kamuva, wathi izincwadi Russian uye ayithinta ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on kuye kanye nomsebenzi wakhe.

Imisebenzi Social kanye nemiklomelo isimo

Ngemva Rasul Gamzatov iziqu e-Moscow etemibhalo wabuyela Dagestan lwakubo, wakhethwa usihlalo we-Union of Abalobi weRiphabhulikhi ezizimele. Iposi bekatsatsa amaningi njengoba 53 ubudala, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-2003. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhethwa lokuqala elifike bese iPhini likaSihlalo of the Supreme Soviet of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Republic, kahle, emva ukuphi iphini-Union esikalini. Waphinde waba yilungu amabhodi isihloko lezo zincwadi ohlonishwa ngokuthi "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" futhi (omagazini) "Ubungane Abantu", "Russian nezincwadi zokufunda" futhi "Literary iGazethi" nabanye.

Rasul Gamzatov ukuphila wayenothile kakhulu: ukuthi njalo lisuswe kusuka Dagestan eMoscow, eziningi zokuhamba, ukuhlangabezana abalandeli ithalente lakhe, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ke nginomuzwa ukunakwa kanye nokunakekela isimo. It angabizwa ngokuthi darling fortune. Ngaleyo minyaka isimo uye anikezwe abantu abanamakhono yobuciko amabhonasi ehlukahlukene anikezwa izindondo oda. Gamzatov kwaba knight of the oda of Lenin (kane), "Okthoba Revolution", "Ubungane Abantu", nabanye. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-2003 eneminyaka engu-umongameli uVladimir Putin lithole i the Order of Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Rasul Gamzatov - imbongi

Nakuba umfundi sikhungo namanje eshicilelwe iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo odumile Avar ngesiRashiya. Ngemva kwalokho wathunyelwa izilimi bezinye izizwe zase-USSR. Imisebenzi engcono imbongi kukhona nalawa: "Intaba Wethu", "Land wami", "Unyaka ngizalwa," "I Tale of umfowabo omdala," "Ezweni Highlander", "ezintabeni inhliziyo yami", "Dagestan Spring", "3arema" (1963 ) "inkanyezi yokusa ne inkanyezi uthi," "ihora lesithathu", "Cranes", "Isiqhingi Labesifazane", "Dagestan wami", "Ngahlulele Ikhodi uthando", "Highlander uMthethosisekelo" nabanye. Cishe zonke amaqoqo badunyiswa ngokunikwa Prize State. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa "Unyaka ngizalwa," imbongi Rasul Gamzatov waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State zase-USSR, futhi ngenxa "High Star" - eLenin Prize.

Sage!

Kuthiwa entabeni kwenza abantu ekhethekile. Mhlawumbe kungenxa ukusondela kuNkulunkulu? Sihlukanisiwe emhlabeni, ehlala kude impucuko, lezi zo bahlala ezintabeni. Kusukela imisebenzi Rasul Gamzatov kusukela imicabango yakhe nje obumangalisayo! Ziqukethe inani Amazing kakhulu wamazwi ahlakaniphile. Lapha, ijaji: "Inkazimulo, musa, ningathinti bukhoma, ... ngisho eziqine futhi izikhathi engcono kuwe ukubulala." Kuyamangalisa ukujula kangakanani kule umugqa owodwa! Kodwa injabulo: "Injabulo into self-iza lapho akasebenzi injabulo - edolobheni aqhephukile empini noma kabusha emlotheni."

Rasul iculo Gamzatov

amavesi amaningi Avar imbongi wayebhale Ihubo. Izingoma eyenziwa enjalo abadumile njengo edume Anna isiJalimane, edume umhlaba Galina Vishnevskaya, iosif kobzon, Muslim Magomayev, Valery Leontiev, uSophia Rotaru, Vakhtang Kikabidze nabanye.

Umkhaya Rasul Gamzatov

umbhali Omkhulu Avar kukho konke ukuphila kwami bakhuleka abazali bakhe. Yiqiniso, ubaba kungaba egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke ngaye, kodwa unina ayenakho babathanda ngokukhethekile. Gen. owesifazane entabeni akulula kangako, ngakho isimo sayo sengqondo ngaye Wayemnene. Nasi wacaphuna omunye imisebenzi yakhe: "Ngiyanifungisa:. Ukuthatha umama ukunakekelwa Izingane zezwe, unakekele umama". He is njengezibukeli ezihloniphayo kumkakhe. Imbongi enomkhaya kunalokho enkulu. Futhi njengoba kuyisiko kuyo yonke imikhaya Asian, wayezungezwe ukunakwa, hlonipho nokunakekela umkhaya wakhe. Unkosikazi Rasul Gamzatov Patimat wamzalela namadodakazi amathathu. Indlalifa ayengazange. Indodakazi wamnika abazukulu eziningi futhi akukho umzukulu eyodwa. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lowo lalilokhu sizungezwe abesifazane, isimo sakhe sengqondo ubulili buthaka wayekukhathalela ngakho. Yena kakhulu ukuba khona ngobuhle bazo, nesisa. Nazi emigqeni ukuthi uye enikelwe omama: "Iminyaka, awunawo amandla okulawula wesifazane - futhi, yebo, kungcono akukho mfihlo bonke omama zabantwana esihle, ngakho asikho abesifazane amabi."

inkumbulo

Omkhulu imbongi Avar washona ngo-2003 eneminyaka engu-80. Ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uye immortalized yena imisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo. uhulumeni waseRussia futhi Dagestani ukwenze ngokuphindaphindiwe izinqumo ku ukusungulwa nezikhumbuzo ukuze Avars omkhulu ensimini ka Dagestan (lapho ukufakwa inqwaba izikhumbuzo Gamzatov Rasul), futhi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngo-2013, e khona uMengameli Vladimir Putin futhi iMeya eMoscow ngo-dolobha sivulwe esikhumbuzo sabantwana imbongi omkhulu.