Umklamo we dolobha elingokomlando: incazelo kanye nomlando. Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu edolobheni yasendulo neyesimanje

Ukuhamba emigwaqweni emzaneni lasendulo, waphinda uyaqiniseka ukuthi izakhiwo edolobheni mlando - art. Libanga 9 - ngalesi sikhathi, lapho wonke umfundi ithuba ukuhlola inkambo ezithakazelisayo "Umhlaba Art Culture". ngaphansi nje futhi ujwayelene nesihloko. I izici ezakhiwo mlando kanye yedolobha lanamuhla? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

City & kweDolobha

City - lena ukudalwa enkulu yingqondo yomuntu, injini lomcoka ukuthuthukiswa noma yisiphi isifunda yezwe kanye nesimo. It is bagxila emizini emiqondweni ekhaliphile kakhulu ukukhiqiza imibono emisha kanye ezisunguliwe.

Lihlanzekile leli dolobha futhi ihluke kwezinye nemizana eduze izici ezithile. Isifundo sabo abathintekayo isayensi izifundo ezisemadolobheni. Kodwa theory kanye umkhuba bekuhlela ne lwekutfutfukisa - lena emkhakheni izithakazelo lwekutfutfukisa.

ukuhlela Urban - kuyinto umsebenzi kwenziwa futhi kwakhiwa izinhlelo ezisemadolobheni, ekwakhiweni kabusha yabo kanye ngcono umuntu ophilayo isikhala.

Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu edolobheni mlando ( "Art", grade 9)

Siyini "dolobha elingokomlando"? Yiziphi izici zayo futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani okwamanje?

Umthetho "Ngo Ukuvikeleka bese Ukusetshenziswa engenakususwa Monuments of Umlando Namasiko 'akaphathi lo mqondo kanje: idolobha mlando - kule ndawo, okuyinto has a inombolo enkulu nakumasiko amasayithi. Kungenzeka emanxiweni asendulo bemivubukulo, izikhumbuzo sculpted, ensembles yezakhiwo netakhiwo esakhiweni esidala.

Emadolobheni mlando, njengoba umthetho, kukhona izindawo zamasiko eziningi atholakale emphakathini inani elithile: .. zomlando, tebuciko, njll Esinye isici imijondolo efana wukuthi ngaphakathi kubo walondoloza ubudala (historical) ukuhleleka emigwaqweni nasezigcawini.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi lo muzi zomlando - akusiyo kuphela izakhiwo kanye nemagugu emasiko, kodwa futhi abantu bayo. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu nge isethi ezabo amasiko, amasiko, isimo sengqondo ekuphileni. Ikhanga leli gama angabhekwa idolobha ikakhulukazi njengoba enzeka zomlando, ezifundazweni.

Isihloko "Architecture komuzi zomlando" ezifundiswa grade 9 esikoleni esiphakeme, njengengxenye Yiqiniso "MCC" (isiko emhlabeni).

ERussia namuhla kukhona 41 esivumelwaneni isimo idolobha zomlando. Phakathi kwabo - eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, uVladimir, Derbent, Kostroma, Suzdal nabanye.

Umklamo we dolobha elingokomlando: izici eziyinhloko

Architecture - kuba ifomu ewusizo kakhulu yobuciko. Umuntu waqala ukwakha amakhaya ngokwabo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngenxa yalesi wasebenzisa izinto ezazitholakala endaweni ethile. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, edolobhaneni run-ukuphuma imiphini noma izindonga, Ababazi bakha uthango.

Umklamo we dolobha elingokomlando eNtshonalanga kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela plan noma empumalanga imizi yasendulo. I last kungenzeka organically angena landscape yemvelo, okuyinto eBari emaphandleni ezizungezile. Isici esibalulekile lapho ekhetha indawo ikusasa edolobheni lanikezwa isici yobuhle. Ngempela, zemihla lasendulo esisodwa nje kuphela singabhubhisa ngokuvamile ukuthola izitatimende like: "... futhi endaweni obomvu, futhi bayakuthanda, kodwa sozhizhet Hradec".

Izici ezithile bokwakha ezahlukene kanye dolobha elingokomlando eMpumalanga. Maphakathi komnikazi empumalanga ukuhlomisa endaweni ethempelini lamaSulumane ukuze Madrasah - isikole ngokuqeqeshwa yothisha nabefundisi. Indawo ebalulekile ukuhlelwa Idolobhakazi limatasa lenza wabele caravanserai - indawo emgwaqweni.

Sengqondo amadolobha zomlando European

ezisemadolobheni ukuhlela amasiko endulo, Ephakathi kanye Renaissance zazihlukile. Isibonelo esimangalisayo edolobheni lasendulo e-Europe kubhekwe njengento -Acropolis engasenyakatho e-Athens. Ngalezo zinsuku noma iyiphi isiphetho waqala lapho kwakhiwa ukuphakama indawo ithempeli elihle kakhulu. Ngakule nentaba engcwele babekwa ezitaladini, indawo okwakukhona unxande.

Ukudla okuvamile edolobheni medieval - emzaneni, wamvikela izivikelo enamandla zempi moats wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Ngo maphakathi nedolobha elibiyelwe eyakhelwe thempeli main kwaMuhle.

Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi Yenguquko umuzi owakhiwe ngaphansi kohlelo olusha. Imigwaqo kukhona perpendicular nomunye, kodwa ekugcineni ebaluleke kakhulu kubo ngeposi noma iyiphi evelele izakhiwo yezakhiwo noma ensembles izakhiwo ezinde. By the way, ngokwaleli algorithm edolobheni Russian of Saint Petersburg lakhiwa.

Izici izakhiwo idolobha lanamuhla

Bokwakha yesimanje, wasebenzisa izimiso ezintsha ngokuphelele futhi izinhlobo isikhala inhlangano. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwakukhona izitayela ezintsha bokwakha - constructivism futhi functionalism, elifuna ukukhulisa yokuncishiswa izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka.

Namuhla, umuzi owakhiwe imodeli futhi kufana kakhulu izindlu nomunye. Ngasekuqaleni mizi yayisendaweni nemibhoshongo eliphezulu kakhulu ababhishobhi Gothic, kodwa namhlanje kwemibhoshongo ehhovisi ngokhonkolo namabhodlela. zokwakha okusha uvumele kalula esiphezulu zonke izakhiwo kwakhiwa.

enza izakhiwo yesimanje isimo angokomzwelo nangokwengqondo lomuntu kanjani? Izazi eziningi baphikisa ngokuthi omubi kakhulu, egcizelela ukuthi ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele isimo salo njengoba sphere ngokomoya futhi ngenxa yobuhle yokuphila komuntu. Ngempela, kunzima kakhulu ukujabulela izakhiwo ngekhulu xxi. izakhiwo Faceless grey, isiminyaminya, eside ezicijile ukhonkolo, Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu izimila - konke lokhu, ngokuvumelana abezenhlalakahle, kudala esibi., endaweni enobutha ukuphila komuntu.

isiphetho

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu dolobha elingokomlando. "Art itshe futhi ivolumu" - lena indlela uchaza inqubo amadolobha isakhiwo kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. It ngempela kuyikhono okudinga eside umzamo zokudala nolwazi okukhulu.

Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu edolobheni mlando (Libanga 9) - sihloko umnandi kakhulu. inqubo yokuhlela kanye nokwakhiwa nemizana kwaba ngokuphongoza e kwezinkathi zomlando ezahlukene.