Amaqhawe Old Russian: izingubo, izikhali kanye nemishini

Njalo emzaneni kunemingcele, okuyinto kufanele bavikeleke zithi isitha, kusukela ezinkulu zokuhlala Slavic, kodwa lesi sidingo Selokhu kwathi nhlo ukhona. Phakathi Russia amazwe sidilizwa ingxabano-zidabukile, kwadingeka alwe hhayi kuphela izinsongo zangaphandle, kodwa futhi ne esizwe. Ubunye nokuzwana phakathi izikhulu kwamsiza kwakha isizwe esikhulu, okuyinto eyaba ukuzivikela khono. amasosha Russian Old nema phansi omunye banner wabonisa izwe amandla nesibindi sabo.

squad

LwamaSlav babe abathanda ukuthula, ngakho amaqhawe Russian lasendulo kungukuthi kakhulu ivelele abalimi abavamile. Ukuvikela emzini wabo ekubeni imikhonto, izimbazo, imimese namaqembu. nezempi, izikhali izovela kancane kancane, futhi kuba begxile kakhulu emsebenzini Ukuvikelwa womnikazi wayo, kunokuba kuhlasela. Esikhathini X leminyaka kukhona inyunyana eziningana izizwe Slavic emhlabeni Prince Kiev, okuyinto eqoqa intela futhi ukuvikela indawo ngokumelene ayehlasela asemaqeleni, abaseSweden, le baseByzantium, amaMongol. Kwakheka squad, yakhiwa 30% yakhiwa amasosha professional (ngokuvamile Amasosha: Normans, Pechenegs, amaJalimane, baseHungary) kanye nezidlamlilo (amaqhawe). Phakathi nale nkathi, izikhali iqhawe lasendulo siqukethe maces, nemikhonto, izinkemba. Ukuvikelwa Khanyisa akukhawuleli ukunyakaza, futhi inikeza ukuhamba empini mkhankaso. The main ingalo isevisi kwaba elihamba, amahhashi ayesetshenziswa njengoba izilwane iphakethe nekwetfula amasosha ebuthweni. Horse kwakhiwa emva ukushayisana akuphumelelanga nge asemaqeleni abantu ababenaye nabagibeli kakhulu.

Ukuvikelwa

izimpi Old Russian ezazivamile labantu Russia V - VI eminyaka ihembe nezimbobo ezicathulweni Bast. Phakathi nempi Russian-WaseByzantium isitha umxhwele ngokungesabi nangokuba nesibindi "Rus", abeenqwelo ngaphandle zempi zokuzivikela, icashe izihlangu ukuzisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba isikhali. Kamuva weza emhlabeni ngenjongo 'kuyak ", okuyinto ebalulekile eyaba ihembe ngaphandle imikhono, ke Unamekwe amapuleti kusukela nezinselo amahhashi', noma isikhumba izingcezu. Ngemva kwalokho waqala ukusebenzisa izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula ukuthi ukuvikela umzimba kusuka ukushaqeka ukugawulwa isitha imicibisholo.

avikele

Zempi zamaqhawe lasendulo babengene ukukhanya, kunikeza maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo encishisiwe degree of ukuvikelwa. Elikhulu, e ukuphakama amabhodi sokhuni ezisetshenziswa ngabantu Slavic kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Bahamba ikhanda iqhawe, ngakho engxenyeni engenhla kwadingeka kunesikhala for amehlo. izihlangu C X leminyaka wenza ukuma isiyingi, awo ensimbi stud, embozwe isikhumba nihlobise izimpawu ezahlukene ejwayelekile. Ngokusho kobufakazi mlando WaseByzantium Russian ukudala udonga nezihlangu uvalwe ivaliwe nomunye, futhi wadalula ukuthi umkhonto phambili. Leli qhinga kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi izingxenye eziphambili lesitha ukuze ifohle iye ezingemuva amabutho Russian. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-100, ukuma ingashintshwa ukuze izinhlobo ezintsha amabutho - nalawo agibela amahhashi. Izivikelo kukhona okwe-alimondi yayithandwa, has kokungathembeki ezimbili okuhloswe ukuba ayibambe impi futhi kule mashi. Nge lolu hlobo imishini amabutho Russian lasendulo waya izintaba, basukuma ukuba bavikele izwe labo siqu ngaphambi kokusungulwa nezibhamu. amasiko amaningi nama-legends ezihambisana izihlangu. Ezinye "ezinamaphiko" kukhona babo kuze kube namuhla. I bawa futhi amasosha alimele kwalethwa ekhaya izihlangu zawo, ngenkathi ebalekela regiments Ziyancipha aziphonse phansi amahhashi abawasukelayo. Njengoba ayenqotshiwe emasangweni omkhulu waseConstantinople, Prince Oleg kuthé nje isihlangu.

nezigqoko

amasosha Old Russian IX - X leminyaka egqoka ekhanda lakhe the CAPS evamile, ezingalotshwanga ivikelwe ukugawulwa iziteleka isitha. nezigqoko Okokuqala, zatholwa abavubukuli, zenziwa Norman uhlobo, kodwa eRussia abawona okwandile. Okuningi esiwusizo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuma oyindilinga sesibe kabanzi. Isigqoko kulokhu isipikili metal zingqwembe ezine, base ehlotshiswe namatshe ayigugu nezimpaphe (kusukela amaqhawe yizicukuthwane nambusi). Leli fomu livumela inkemba kwislaydi ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu kumuntu, balaclava eyenziwe lesikhumba noma wazizwa ithambisa buhlungu. Isigqoko washintsha ngenxa amadivayisi ukuphepha eyengeziwe: Barmitsa (Chain anezikhala) nanosnik (ipuleti metal). Ukusetshenziswa Ukuvikelwa ngesimo buso (buso) eRussia lezwakala siyindlala, iningi lalezi bathunjwa nezigqoko, okuyinto kabanzi eYurophu. Incazelo iqhawe lasendulo, esigcinwe zemihla ngemihla, kusho ukuthi abantu akacashi, futhi scowl ungase pin phansi isitha. Omakalabha ekhiqizwa nge uhhafu-imaski ngoba amabutho ocebile futhi ihloniphekile basuke libhekene imininingwane zokuhlobisa, okuyinto ningathwali imisebenzi zokuzivikela.

chainmail

Ingxenye edume kunayo Ingubo iqhawe lasendulo, ngokuvumelana yemivubukulo, ivela VII - ekhulwini VIII. Imeyili kuyinto ihembe metal izindandatho uvalwe oxhumene. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhosi kwaba nzima ukwenza ukuvikelwa okunjalo, umsebenzi kahle futhi wakhonza elula eside. Metal kweqa ku kwentambo kusukela lapho izindandatho ezigoqwe kahle ashiselwe, benzelwe komunye nomunye ngokuvumelana isikimu 1 kuya ku-4 Okungenani 20 - 25 tysyach izindandatho wathatha ukudala mail chain, okuyinto kuhlaziywe 6 kuya ku-16 kg. Ukuze ahlobise indwangu nokwelukiweyo izixhumanisi zethusi. Ngo XII isibhakela ekhulwini ubuchwepheshe isetshenziswa lapho isicaba aluka indandatho inikeza endaweni ngaphezulu Ukuvikelwa. Esikhathini esifanayo chainmail babe eside, kukhona okwengeziwe zempi izakhi: nagovitsy (yensimbi, aluka amasokisi) Barmitsa (Mesh ukuvikela entanyeni), bracers (metal amagilavu). Ngaphansi zempi ingagqoki quilted, ukuthambisa amandla nomthelela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eRussia isicelo lamellar (ipuleti) zempi. Ukuze womshini isisekelo edingekayo (ihembe) kwesikhumba lapho abethela uvalwe mncane yensimbi lamellae. Ubude yabo kwaba 6 - 9 cm, ububanzi kusuka 1 kuya 3. zempi ipuleti kancane kancane kwaphoqa mail ngisho edayiswa kwamanye amazwe. ERussia, zibe maholoholo, lamellar, futhi mail ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe. Yushman, bahterets ngokuyinhloko kwakuyinkathi uchungechunge imeyili ukwandisa izakhiwo zokuzivikela amapuleti enikeziwe phezu kwesifuba. Ekuqaleni le XIV ekhulwini uhlobo olusha zempi - Mirror. Metal zezinhlangothi yobukhulu enkulu, kakhulu iphucuziwe ngokuvamile ezigugile phezu mail. Ezinhlangothini namahlombe axhunyiwe ngu lesikhumba ezizibeni, ngokuvamile ehlotshiswe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izimpawu.

isikhali

izingubo ezivikelayo of iqhawe lasendulo wayengekho zempi kuyo, kodwa ukukhanya enikeza ngaphezulu maneuverability midlalo abacibisheli ezimweni ukulwa. Ngokusho batshele abanye izinto ezishiwo izincwadi zomlando WaseByzantium, "Rusich" Kukhona amandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ngo V - VI eminyaka izikhali wawobaba zazinzima bakudala, esetshenziselwa ukulwa eduze. Ukuze umonakalo elisemqoka kuya isitha ke waba nesisindo esindayo, futhi sadluliselwa ifakwe izakhi abatelekile. Ukuvela izikhali senzeka ngokumelene isizinda intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye izinguquko isu zempi. Iqhubezele uhlelo, imishini lokuvimbezela, ukuthunga kanye ukusika ithuluzi lensimbi ziye zasetshenziswa eminyaka amaningi, kanye nomklamo yabo iye ngokuqhubekayo ngcono. Ezinye emisha ukufunda kwezinye izizwe, kodwa futhi nabasunguli Russian futhi gunsmiths njalo kwahluka okwakhe yokusondela siyiqiniso izinhlelo ekhiqizwa.

ukushaqeka

Izikhali ukulwa eduze wazisa zonke izizwe, ekuqaleni impucuko, umbono walo main kwaba Mace. Lena club esindayo, okuyinto ekupheleni waphenduka yensimbi. Kwezinye embodiments, ukuthola isizinda spikes noma izipikili. Ngokuvamile ezishiwo zemihla Russian kanye Mace Mace, Morningstar, bludgeon. Ngenxa kalula enza nemphumelelo ukulwa isiteleka izikhali ke kwakwandile. I-Sword and saber ke kancane dengwane, kodwa izidlamlilo ze amaqhawe ukuqhubeka ukuyisebenzisa ukulwa. Izazi-mlando esungulwe ngesisekelo imithombo yedatha indaba futhi imivubukulo portrait ejwayelekile ngendoda wayaziwa njengomuntu isosha ubudala Russian. Izithombe emifanekisweni, kanye walondoloza wethu isithombe namaqhawe sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ufaka noma yiluphi uhlobo izikhali okuhlaselayo, ngokuvamile enza lo msebenzi siphumelelisa loku Mace edume.

Wangiklwebha, wagwaza

Emlandweni ERussia yasendulo oyinkemba kubalulekile. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi uhlobo main izikhali, kodwa futhi uphawu kwamandla kwesikhulu. imimese Isetshenziswa nezinhlobo eziningana, babizwa ngokuthi endaweni egqoke: zasapozhnye echaza podsaydashnye. yasetshenziswa Wona, kanye nawo inkemba futhi a Mace. Izikhali izinguquko iqhawe lasendulo ngo X leminyaka, indawo bese yehla inkemba saber. Wakhe ukulwa izici Russian esikalini ekulweni imihambuma abaye waboleka futhi ukuma. Spears nemikhonto kukhona phakathi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zasendulo izikhali ukugwaza, eye asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo amasosha njengoba bezama ukuzivikela futhi zihlasela. Uma kusetshenziswe okufanayo, benza ziye zashintsha oyingqayizivele. Spears kancane kancane indawo nemikhonto ukuthi zenziwa ngcono Sulitsa. Izimbazo alwa hhayi kuphela abalimi (Voi futhi izidlamlilo), kodwa retinue kwesikhulu. Kulesi hlobo ukukhwezwa amaqhawe isikhali kwadingeka isibambo esifushane,-Marine (Warriors) wajabulela izimbazo zabo ku imiphini eside. Berdysh (ngembazo ngensingo ububanzi) ku XIII - ekhulwini XIV iba isikhali Strelets amabutho. Kamuva lo mlisa ukuguqulelwa halberd.

ezincane

Zonke izimali ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke ku-ekuzingeleni futhi ekhaya, amasosha Russian esetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali wezempi. ULuka kusukela izimpondo zesilwane futhi ukhuni efanelekayo (birch, zokhuni). Nye of them were amamitha angaphezu kuka ezimbili ezinde. Ukugcina imicibisholo esetshenziswa ehlombe umgodla wemicibisholo, okwakubekelwa eyenziwe ngesikhumba, brocades ngezinye izikhathi ehlotshisiwe, amatshe ayigugu futhi ephuma kabili esiyigugu. Ukukhiqiza imicibisholo lasetshenziswa umhlanga, birch, umhlanga, apula esihlahleni, lapho isananyathiselwe Lysina yensimbi ithiphu. Ngo X umnsalo ekhulwini design bekulokhu ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nenqubo yayo yokukhiqiza kukhathaza. Crossbows babelungile esiphumelela ngokwengeziwe projectile izikhali. kusimo wabo ngesilinganiso umlilo, kodwa screw (ezazisetshenziswa njengomhlatshelo projectile) uletha umonakalo owengeziwe lapho hit isibhakela zempi. Ukudonsa CROSSBOW bowstring kwakunzima, ngisho amabutho esiqine saphumula lokhu ngesidunu ukukhahlela. Ekhulwini XII ukusheshisa futhi lula le nqubo yaqala ukuhlanganisa zisebenzisa hook ukuthi abacibisheli liphakama nebhande lakhe. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa fire- izingalo neminsalo, crossbows, crossbows ayesetshenziswa ibutho Russian.

ngubo

Abezinye Izizwe abavakashele edolobheni Russian of XII - XIII leminyaka, wazibuza amasosha kanjani ayihlomele. Lapho yonke ebonakalayo bulkiness zempi (ikakhulukazi abagibeli ezisindayo) nabagibeli lula ngokwanele ukusingatha imisebenzi amaningi. Wayehlezi sehhashi, iqhawe lalingaba izinso (hlela ihhashi), ukudubula ngomnsalo noma CROSSBOW futhi ulungiselela eduze ukulwa ngenkemba esindayo. Kula mabutho ukuthi elawula isiteleka amandla, ngakho izindwangu umgibeli wehhashi kufanele kube ukukhanya kodwa eqinile. Chest, okusanhlamvu kanye ohlangothini uhamba nge ivaliwe nesembozo ekhethekile, okuyinto zenziwa impahla kanye ithungwe yensimbi amapuleti. Isisetshenziswa of iqhawe yasendulo kuye kwavuselelwa ngengozi. Izihlalo zamahhashi ezenziwe ngokjuni, Archer bavunyelwe ngiphendukele kolunye uhlangothi bese adubule ngejubane, ngesikhathi ulawula kokuqondisa motion ihhashi. Ngokungafani amaqhawe YaseYurophu sikhathi, bayafihleka ngokuphelele, zempi ukukhanya Russian babegxile belwa abayimizulane. Ngesikhathi ezicukuthwaneni ehola, izikhulu, amakhosi izikhali zempi ziye wepi umbukiso, lapho wayewabusisa ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa futhi ahlome Amatshwayo isimo. Bamukela amanxusa akwamanye amazwe futhi waqhubeka amaholide.