Kazakhstan ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kazakh Amaqhawe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ekupheleni-June 1941, amabutho aseJalimane ehlasela iSoviet Union. AmaNazi kubhekwe le mpi njengoba isinyathelo esibalulekile enqubeni yokwakha dwala German kusukela Atlantic eSiberia. ESoviet Union kwaba ezweni lezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Empini abathintekayo ezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Hhayi akathunyelwa yempi, ensimini ka Kazakhstan. Lokhu republic ekuqaleni impi linothile ngezinto zemvelo futhi womuntu omkhulu. Cabangela indima eyadlalwa Kazakhstan phakathi neminyaka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Isifingqo zomlando nge pre

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule eyedlule emashumini amabili ehluleka ukufaka loluhlelo ngokuphelele kwathatha ndawonye, endleleni eya lo mgomo kuye kwenziwa okuningi. Ikakhulukazi, igama elithi emfushane nengcindezelo kanye kazwelonke sekususiwe, ukungakwazi ukufunda ephakathi backwardness. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Kwamiswa ukulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ukuthula nokuzwana phakathi kwezizwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuleli zonke zibe amasiko kazwelonke yokushisekela izwe. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, abantu Kazakhstan ngempumelelo bavikela imingcele emaqeleni. Ngesikhathi sobandlululo wamakoloni ngoba linemibhikisho ezintathu ekwakhiweni izinhlelo oneminyaka emihlanu futhi civil ngxabano izimpi osungulwe futhi kakhulu kwaqinisa ubuhlobo ngamazwe. nethonya elikhulu asetshenziswa kubantu futhi kusakazeke inkulumo-ze emelene-undlovukayiphikiswa.

Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Kafushane echaza isimo republic ngesikhathi kuhlasela amaNazi, kufanele ulethe izibalo ezithile. Ngokuhambisana yokubalwa kwabantu labantu olwenziwa ngo-1939, kwakunemikhaya eyizigidi ezingu 6.2. Man kuleli zwe. Esikhathini kwababusi bempi aye agelezela mayelana 1.2 million indima ekhethekile ekufinyeleleni umgomo ezivamile -. Ukukhululwa e-USSR usuka umhlaseli - kudlalwa Kazakhstan phakathi neminyaka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Izithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko sifanekise ukuzimisela abantu ukuvikela njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. Uhulumeni waseSoviet, inikezwe isipiliyoni tsarist idale amaqembu abakhi akhethekile zabasebenzi ibutho. Babehlanganisa abamele abantu bomdabu-Asia Ephakathi futhi Kazakhstan. Sekukonke ke luphumelele ezingaphezu kuka-700 eziyinkulungwane abakhileyo republic anobuhlobo.

isimo umnotho

Umnotho Kazakhstan sika phakathi neminyaka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kwaba phezu komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yimpumelelo. Ukuze usebenze embonini ukuzivikela, futhi phambi wathunyelwa zonke izakhamuzi wesine yezwe. Nokho, lokhu akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa ukuqhubeka emnothweni kazwelonke. High ukugqugquzela amazinga okudlulisela ayengaphansi ngenxa yesimo yezolimo emnothweni, ingxenye enkulu abalimi sabantu. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo iye belated futhi incwadi Manpower emkhakheni ukuzivikela kanye nokukhanda wezolimo.

ukwakha compounds

Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945 GG.) Idale izingxenye kanye nokuxhumana ngqo endaweni yayo. Kwenqwaba izakhamuzi ehlanganyela izenzo ibutho laseSoviet njengoba noMsekeli umthamo wemvula. Ngo-republic amane abagibela amahhashi nambili elihamba ukuhlukana, brigades eziyisikhombisa, Battalion ngamashumi ayisihlanu ehlukile futhi regiments wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene amabutho kwamiswa. Eziningana zalezi kuye kwamiswa amaqembu njengoba uxhumano kazwelonke. Kwakheka phezu uhlelo ukugqugquzela lezi izingxenye cishe isigamu lalinabashumayeli amalungu Komsomol namaKhomanisi. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-ibutho, alungiselelwa nge iyunifomu kanye nezinye izinto ezidingekayo kanye nezinto eziqukethwe isabelomali izimali kazwelonke, kanye lweminikelo yokuzithandela evela emphakathini.

nkathi enzima

Kazakhstan ngesikhathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi (1941-1945) negalelo elikhulu kuya abaqeqeshwayo bese bebeka nezikhulu wasemanzini ibutho. Amaziko ezikhethekile zemfundo bathunyelwa ezingaphezu kuka-42 eziyinkulungwane abasha Kazakhs. Owawukhona ngesikhathi kwezikhungo ezempi zemfundo kuleli zwe ekhiqizwa izikhulu angaba yizinkulungwane 16. Kazakhstan phakathi neMpi Patriotic Omkhulu, kanye nezinye izifunda zezwe, ngokushesha wahumusha kumkhakha wetemnotfo emgqeni ukuzivikela. Ikakhulukazi, izindleko lincishisiwe izinjongo zokuthula. Iningi amabhizinisi idluliselwe imikhiqizo ukuzivikela. Kubo kwakungamadodana machining imishini, abasebenzi kanye izinto.

esiphuthumayo izakhamuzi

Wakhuthazelela ubunzima obuningi Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945). Kungenziwa ngokufingqiwe kuphela ingxenye ubunzima obuzwiwa abantu esikhathini sokuba itholane phezulu. Ekuqaleni ukumelana kuleli zwe sithole indawo yokuhlala, indawo phakathi kwababusi, ukusebenza izifiki ezingamaProthestani ezingaphezu kuka-500 eziyinkulungwane abavela ezifundeni entshonalanga. Ngo Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi kufika buyiselwa amaJalimane mayelana 970.000 nabasePoland. Iningi lazo wahlala emizaneni nasemadolobheni. Endaweni ezisemadolobheni ngaleso sikhathi nenkinga ngempela acute izindlu. okubi kakhulu wayemnika amacebiso ekuqaleni kwempi. Ngakho, nalowo isakhamuzi ngo-1940, zaba akukho kuka 5.1 square metres. m, eminyakeni eyalandela -. 4.3, kanti kwamanye amadolobha esingaphansi ngisho kwaleso.

Inkinga ukudla

Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe uhlangabezane Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu ukudla. Ukufika kwabo emakethe kwehle ngo izikhathi 7-15. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amanani ukudla futhi necessaries anda izikhathi 10-15. Ngenxa yalokho zalesi simiso laqanjwa ikhadi ukunikezela isinkwa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ezidingekayo. Inkinga ukudla nomthelela ukunwetshwa ingadi ngamunye nanjengeqembu, inethiwekhi amapulazi. Ngenxa yemizamo ehlanganyelwayo kubantu futhi nobuholi be-republic wakwazi ukunqoba le nkinga esibhekene nayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuchichima engakaze ufinyelelwe, kodwa izakhamuzi bakwazi ukuthola Imininingwane ubuncane ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ngqangi.

izinkampani kuthuthwa

Ufaka babaleki ukukhiqizwa wayengomunye walabo letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo ukulungisa labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngo Kazakhstan izimboni 220 eyayisithuthelwe ngesikhathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi, ama cooperatives, workshop, izimboni kanye zezimboni sihlanganise. Ngemva kwalokho, 20 yalezi zinkampani babe reevakuirovany. Ingxenye High yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani, namafemu of yendwangu kanye umkhakha ukukhanya. ukubekwa yabo ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngesisekelo amabhizinisi kazwelonke. babaleki abaningi ukukhiqizwa ezaqaliswa ezisheshayo, ezindaweni ongaqeqeshiwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kulo uphahla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwakukhona ukulungiswa ukwenziwa hhayi ngaphambili kuphela, kodwa imikhiqizo emisha ukuzivikela.

Administration zomsebenzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya

Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala umzabalazo wokulwa wobushiqela, njengoba esikhathini collectivization, amapulazi state akhiwa iminyango zezombusazwe futhi ensimini kwezitshalo kanye ugandaganda brigades - commissars zezombusazwe. Lezi ngokuvamile isinikeza amandla anele ezibanzi. Babekwazi ukushushisa abantu ngubani enonya akazange sifeze kwezinkambiso disorganisers kubhekwe futhi bengavilaphi. Okuqinile umsebenzi abaphathi emaphandleni, ukubandakanywa omkhulu kwabesifazane nezingane emsebenzini, ukunciphisa imishini yezobuchwepheshe wombuso kanye collective amapulazi, ukunciphisa, kanti kwezinye izindawo, futhi ukumisa yokukhokha lezinsuku zokusebenza, izinkomo enobudlova sengiprofethile, ukwethulwa izintela zithinteke kakhulu isimo sabantu. North Kazakhstan yindlala e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ukuze basize kwakumiswa wemisebenzi kahulumeni umphakathi ku Aktobe esifundeni. Ngokuhambisana isimo igunya Commissariats futhi ithimba labo ukuphathwa liye landiswa futhi kwaqinisa umthwalo walo isimo embonini. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu ziyancipha isibalo semihlangano, anda nekghono kanye Ukuphendula. Nokho, ukuphatha iye bayichezukisa maqondana austerity ngokweqile. Lokhu kwaba lula izinguquko ekuphileni kwangaphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa okwandile yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi ubuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela kanye umkhuba zeminyaka eyedlule, ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa zemizimba non-eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e Akmola futhi Semipalatinsk izifunda ikhomishini okungavamile zadalwa futhi kathathu. Bona kwenziwe zokutshala Umhlahlandlela, wahola nokubekwa babaleki, nemililo nokunye. Pavlodar, Karaganda Region, Eastern Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ubesebenza ekuphathweni ngokwanele indawo. Kwezinye izindawo, sasivame izindlela zokusatshiswa lezisebenzi.

ukuvikelwa komphakathi

izindlela ezidingekayo namabutho awazange nje ulondoloze, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezempilo, ezemfundo, isayensi kanye nesiko Kazakhstan. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, namanesi nodokotela weRiphabhulikhi akuyona kuphela bakwazi ukunikeza izinga ukubuya ekuqhubeni ogulayo futhi elimele, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukusabalala typhoid ze-typhus, kanye nezinye izifo. Isimiso semfundo uselokhu cishe zinjalo. Nokho, kakhulu kwehle inani labafundi. Lokhu kwaphawuleka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Iphazamiseke izinhlangano zamasiko. Cishe ingxenye yesine yazo zonke amakilabhu wanikwa izibhedlela amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Bangaphezu kuka-sesehlile isibalo imitapo futhi incwadi yabo Isikhwama yehlile ngomunye yesithathu. Isibalo yeshashalazi ezweni ayizange ithuthuke. Nokho, umsebenzi kulezi zikhungo bekulokhu ushintsho oluphawulekayo qualitative. Ikakhulukazi oluvelele babe imiphumela imisebenzi abenzi mafilimu. "Kazakhfilm" kwamiswa emva kwakwakhe Alma-Ata, Leningrad futhi eMoscow studios. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba izincwadi kazwelonke yokushisekela izwe. Kazakh Amaqhawe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ukuthi ezihlatshelelwa amakhosi ezifana Auezov, Shukhov, Snegin, Dzhabayev. Abanye abalobi babengabahwebi ku front line.

phambili

Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwakhiwa Defense Fund. Lalihlanganisa lweminikelo yokuzithandela evela izakhamuzi. Ngo-October 1943, usayizi baso bafinyelela ruble ngokheshi kwezigidi ezingu 185.5 kwezigidi ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu 193.6 izindleko isibopho. A mkhankaso wethulwa ukuthengwa amathangi nemikhumbi-ngwenya. Ukuqinisekisa Army Kazakhstan ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ithumele 480 mln. Deda. Lonke inani okomnikelo Republic, kanye intengo yemali ebolekiwe ku izibopho, lotto nezinye imali zaba deda eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,7 .. Lezi zimali kungenzeka nezindleko ngqo ka ezilwa amasonto amabili.

Amagalelo lokuqala isitha

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ngxabano kuzozonke ka ibutho laseSoviet, abeenqwelo ezinhlwini ezinkulungwane Kazakhs kwaholela nempi enkulu namaNazi. Owokuqala wathatha babekezelela onogada basemngceleni. 485 ezindaweni, imingcele yokuphepha, ukuhlasela isitha. Ukumelana ezingakaze zibe khona. yabonisa abavikeli we Brest Fortress. Iyunithi sivikele ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele wezizwe engaphezu kuka amathathu-USSR. Amasosha balwa ngesibindi Naganova uLieutenant umholi Leli qembu in Tiraspol umbhoshongo. Kulesi impi wazibonakalisa Turdyev uboya - namaqhawe Kazakhstan lesizwe. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, amaqembu ezizwe, owalwa ensimini ka Lithuania, Estonia futhi Latvia, aqine kubonise kuhlasela izitha.

Impi ye-Moscow

Ibutho laseSoviet, zokunqoba nobunzima, wakwazi ukusinda hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi bona sithole isizo neensebenzi, kumbangele inqotshwa kabuhlungu esitheni empini eduze enhlokodolobha. A indima ekhethekile udlalwa ngxabano 316th Division ngaphansi kobuholi uMajor General Panfilov naKhomishana egorova. Abasebenzi iqhawe ibonisa ukuqala i compounds tank isitha. Izwe lonke owazi feat engafiyo 105 fighter ibutho, ababe okudiliza izimoto isitha 18, hhayi wasidlulisela + ngasempumalanga. Yingaleso sikhathi Political Officer Klotchkov walizwakalisa ibinzana, phambi ezingenamaqabunga: "Russia yizwe elikhulu, futhi akukho ndawo ashona ngemuva - eMoscow". Wabonisa alwa amabutho Division 316th. Phakathi lokulwa owabulala u Panfilov. Ukumelana emangalisayo futhi ubuqhawe e Battle of eMoscow ezabonakala fighters ngaphansi umyalo ibutho kanye Ibutho Karpov eholwa Baurdzhan Mamysh-uly. Battle wayenaye isitha, ogama amabutho bokuphakama ngokuphindwe kane. Kwaze kwaphela inyanga ibilokhu ngezihluthu. Panfilov wakwazi ukunqoba ukwahlukana ezine-German. amasosha feat awuhambanga ubuholi engabonwa. Ukuze anamandla 316th Division kwaba ihlelwe kabusha zibe Guards 8 futhi uthuthukise kuzo ngokuphathelene indondo - Order of Red Banner. Ngesicelo fighters kwathiwa ngokushesha yaqanjwa umholi oshonile.

Izenzo lamasosha

Ukukhuluma ngalezi zehlakalo eMoscow, umuntu akakwazi ukhohlwe ubuqhawe of TSU Tokhtarov. Lapho engena yindlunkulu lamaNazi n. Borodino, wakwazi ukubhubhisa izikhulu German ezinhlanu. TSU Tokhtarov wathola isihloko Hero kwakhe. Iqembu umshini Gunners, elaliholwa Malik Gabdullin, beshaywa amathangi amaNazi futhi ikhishwe uMnyango imvelo. Ngokuhamba feat inkampani politruk waklonyeliswa isihloko iqhawe. Leli dolobhana eduze Serpukhov, loMfula i-Oka, wafa Ramadan Amangeldy. Lokhu umdubuli kambayimbayi umshini skirmish zakamuva wabulala nantathu amaJalimane ezimpilweni zabo. Amangeldy umdubuli kambayimbayi submachine lalinabafundi 238-th Division. Ukuze ukuqina futhi ukunganqikazi ekumeleleni ngesikhathi zihlasela, inhlangano nesiyalo, yilesi sigaba wathola i the Order of Red Banner, futhi sashintshwa ngo-1942 zibe Guards.

Impi eduze Leningrad

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-September 1941, lo Kazakhs abangu bahileleke breaking nokuvinjelwa. Ikakhulukazi, impi elwa 310 th Infantry, bese Division 314 th, eyasungulwa ngo Kazakhstan. Amasosha bakwazi elwa esindayo phezu isitha. Amasosha nengxenye yokukhululwa nemizana engaphezu kwamashumi amabili e-Leningrad esifundeni, ukuqinisekisa uxhumano ne "ezwekazini", wabeka kanye indlela namanye amasosha 'wokuphila. " Phakathi izimpi, umhleli party Baimagambetov waphinda feat Matrosov. Ukuze lokhu yena waklonyeliswa isihloko iqhawe. Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela kuye, baye babonisa ezingeni lelisetulu ukuqeqeshwa amasosha Baltic Fleet. Umkhuzi Admiral Tributs encwadini yakhe eya Kazakh abantu wambonga izwe abantu ubekhulisa, itjheje ubuqhawe amasosha, isibindi sabo nokuqinisela. bomsebenzi High alubonisa ngokulungiselela izimpi emzini oku iNeva umkhuzi Koibagarov. Elalela umyalo wakhe yaba igatsha 5 th inkampani 1236 Regiment 372 th Infantry Division. Amasosha bakwazi ngokushesha phambili, benze imibhalo minefields isitha futhi uvimbele ndlu. Koibagarov umkhuzi lokuqala liqhume emseleni, ethwele namanye amasosha ngemuva. Eduze Leningrad alwa isizukulwane sesithathu Kazakhstan.

abashokobezi ukunyakaza

Naphezu isibindi nokukhuthazela, eyabonisa fighters phambi, impi kusaqalwa ekuthuthukiseni kwaphahlazeka kakhulu abantu baseSoviet. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi kwakukhona ukunyakaza yabashokobezi. Ngenxa isisindo salo kanye nenhlangano kakhulu, kanye ukuhanjiswa izinhlelo kweSoviet umyalo imisebenzi, usezuze a obaluleke ngokukhethekile zamasu. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela yabashokobezi bekulokhu impela eningi Kazakhs. Ngakho, eLeningrad eziqhelelene kwakukhona engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, ku Smolensk esifundeni - abayizinkulungwane ezintathu - ezingaphezu kuka amabili namashumi amahlanu, Belarus ne-Ukraine.