Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo RSDLP. Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Party, ngokubeka umsebenzi sokukhulula sabasebenzi ekuxhashazweni ngezimfanelo zawo nezigaba yisinanakazana, ngokwesiko ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Social Democratic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo ngemibono of Marxism walala izinhlangano iphiko wamavukelambuso. Sokuqonda "RSDLP" kuhlanganisa sotsdekovskuyu ifomula, kodwa esikhathini iqale isencane yayo yesikhulumi party esahlukile Marxism ngoludala kakhulu. It bavunyelwe ukushayela ngendlela ezahlukene amafomu wezomthetho futhi esisemthethweni ukushikashikekela ubuphekula. Kulesi kwakukhona amaphutha, futhi sinesisindo intokazi Russian Party Social Democrats.

Ukudala RSDLP

Ekupheleni 1895 idaliwe "Union of Ukushikashikekela yokukhululwa isigaba sabasebenzi", okuyinto union amaqembu kaMarx ukuze uxhumanise umsebenzi wabo. iminyaka kuphela emva ezintathu ngesisekelo le nhlangano ngakwazi ukusebenza uhlelo ezivamile iqembu futhi simemezele okuvela yinhlangano eyodwa. Abasunguli we RSDLP waqala izihambeli eziyisishiyagalolunye 'Union of Ukushikashikeka "kusukela Petersburg, eMoscow, Kiev kanye nabamele Bund (Jewish Labor Union). Kwathi ekuqaleni umcimbi e Minsk ngoMashi 1898.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kwakukhona igama. Sokuqonda "RSDLP", izincwadi ezinhlanu, wakhuluma ngokucacile mayelana nemvelo wamavukelambuso kwenhlangano, Ama-Social Democrats e sidolobha of osopolitiki lahlotjaniswa Marxism olukhulu.

"Iskra" futhi uqhekeko lokuqala aqhephukile

Kwathatha eminye iminyaka emibili, futhi iqembu wathutha zimemezelo esenzweni. Ekupheleni kwawo-1900 wanyathelisa uhlelo lokuqala iphephandaba "Iskra", eyahlelwa Lenin (Ulyanovym V I.), esizwa Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod futhi Potresov. Ngokuhamba lesi sitho ukwambulile ukuphikisana sína indlela eyisa izindlela we Ukuza ekilasini emzabalazweni. Ingqikithi yalo ingxabano kwaba maqondana nezomthetho futhi ukuyekethisa ukuthi kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe inqubo yayo, kanye nesiyalo. IComrades kokuxabana, ngezinye izikhathi hoshozela, zifana akakwazanga ukuza, ukuhlukaniswa kunesokuqala sase siqalile ukuvunguza, Initiator walo wawenziwe uVladimir Ulyanov, kuyilapho impela (engamashumi amathathu) indoda ngesilevu kwaphela namehlo evutha. Wafuna ngokushesha, kokugumbuqelwa wamavukelambuso izisekelo "zezwe elidala" futhi ngokukhalipha wagomela umuntu Plekhanov ubudala, impunga Russian Marxism.

Split futhi ukubukeka Bolshevism

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party iminyaka eyisikhombisa lapho, nayo ngokwayo uhlobo ekuqaleni sikabili, Plekhanov, Lenin. Kodwa lutho ihlala kuze kube phakade. Izingxoxo izingxoxo kuphela lwajula nakakhulu ingxabano, abenze abasiphikisayo, futhi ngesikhathi II iCongress of the umbuzo wafakwa ngokungagwegwesi: abayokwakha inguquko, abamele onxiwankulu noma sabasebenzi? Obani abayoba emva ekilasini hegemonic?

Lenin nabasekeli bakhe uvotela ubushiqela isigaba sabasebenzi, futhi unqobe neningi. Ngenxa yalokho, le nhlangano party wahlukaniswa yokuhlukanisa, uqhaqhe RSDLP isalokhu injalo, kodwa kuncike ubulungu elinye iqembu ezimbili kwenezelwa bukovkoy isifinyezo "b" nobe "m" in the emzuliswaneni kubakaki. Labo abasendaweni II Congress kuphela ezathi aziwuthandi umsebenzi lo hegemony yesigaba sabasebenzi, baba amaBolshevik nabasekeli Plekhanov sika - ku Kunalokho, Mensheviks.

Uhlelo Minimum futhi uhlelo esiphezulu - yezingxenye ezimbili Marxism Russian

Lezi izinkinga yenhlangano akamanga ukuze athathe lolu hlelo jikelele, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili (minimum futhi esiphezulu). Okungenani, ku uvumelana sotsdeki isiRashiya, ukubhujiswa oda monarchist-umninindlu, inguquko ngendlela yobunxiwankulu, ukusatshalaliswa umhlaba ukuze abalimi (mahhala) kanye nokuhlinzeka ukusebenza amahora ayisishagalombili okusebenza ngelanga. Futhi esikhathini esizayo ukuphila kwakhe kwakusengozini ukuguqulwa olukhudlwana ngokuhamba lapho yesigaba sabasebenzi kwakufanele abe umashiqela. Lona esiphezulu, okwakubekelwa libalwe amaBolshevik. Ngaphezu kwalokho inqubekela phambili kwezenhlalo umcabango wayengekho izinhlelo zabo.

Seventh Congress - Rubicon

Iphele yokuhlukanisa phakathi amaBolshevik futhi Mensheviks lwesithathu, lesine nelesihlanu netimiso RSDRP. AmaBolshevik Mensheviks axoshwe ngokuphelele kusukela ubuholi beqembu ngo-1907. Kuleli qophelo, base ukuyalwa athishela, futhi squad ekhuthele kakhulu, kokuba, ngokukhethekile, nephiko lempi, akwazi ukuqhuba umsebenzi omningi ngomshoshaphansi futhi enelungelo izindlela ze. I Mensheviks amafa esinjalo sasingenakuba ngiziqhayise, ngoba yena ezikhokhelwayo ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Sotsdeki futhi impi

Party RSDLP ngasinda okunye ukungqubuzana yangaphakathi ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-okunemibandela "umugqa phambi" Kwakunzima, waxoxela amaBolshevik ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-internationalists, nempi futhi alwa. Ukuze khulumela ngoba ukunqotshwa yezwe lakubo, futhi eqinisweni, ngibe yimbuka, udinga ukuba ne-izimfanelo siqu ekhethekile, akusiyo wonke umuntu angakwazi. Lapha Plekhanov beqa umngcele futhi kuhlulekile. Lenin ngiyitholile.

Komphakathi-Democratic Labour Party ngenkathi Russian yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi kuphela ngesisekelo indawo. KwamaBolshevik bagqugquzela wenza umzamo omkhulu ukukholisa amasosha ukuthi musa ukulwela izwe lakubo, futhi nobudlelwane isitha kuyadingeka, kwashona izinduna zabo. Izimangaliso kuphela umsungulo okwaboniswa "umbuso tsarist olunegazi" maqondana amambuka kuzibamba. Eqinisweni, isiphetho ezweni Lenin nabangane bakhe baba nesithakazelo ngokwanele raved mayelana inguquko emhlabeni, okwakungathi seduze, kodwa eqinisweni ayikaze yenzeke.

Kungani le RCP (B) kwaba VKP (b)

Ngemva ekuthatheni amandla ngo-1917, amaBolshevik kwadingeka ukungezwani okukhulu ne ukunyakaza komphakathi-yeningi, kabani abamele imibono engaphansi olukhulu labetibambile emazweni amaningi, bebonisa "precariousness". Isikhundla isiJalimane, isiFulentshi kanye nezinye European Social Democrats baye baveza isifiso sabo sokuba zisebenzisa izindlela zomthetho, ezimweni ezibucayi, hlanganisa them umsebenzi komhlaba, futhi bafuna ukunqoba ngeNkosi ekunyusweni nababamele ezindikimbeni amandla ngokubamba ukhetho. Le ndlela akuyona uyaneliswa Leninists, baqonda ukuthi esimweni abantu kungenzeka senkululeko yokuzikhethela, babeyoqabuleka singenakwenzeka ukuza namandla, ngoba futhi wenza kombuso, ubhubhise le Yesikhashana Uhulumeni (kakhulu iqiniso ukusheshisa yayo akunangqondo, ngoba yadalwa ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokhetho).

Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo RSDLP saphela baveze okushiwo party, kanye nokuthi yini kudidaniswe nezinye izinhlangano, ngo-1918, ekuqambeni kabusha kwenzeka CPSU (All-Union neQembu LamaKhomanisi) ne bukovkoy esisemqoka (b) ekupheleni ukuthi akukho ukungabaza omunye uyahlushwa. Eyokuqala incwadi izifinyezo kuze 1925 kusho "Zonke-Russian", futhi ngemva lasungulwa USSR Zonke-Union baba. Enjalo kwaze kwaba ngu-1952, okuyinto kwasho ukuqala ovuthiwe socialism uStalin. Kulo nyaka wasingatha XIX Congress, enikezwe CPSU (b) Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i Communist Party, kakade ngaphandle izinhlamvu ezincane kubakaki. Kwakuwusuku isibongo beqembu Leninist.