Tselinnik - ubani lo? Iminyaka yentuthuko kwamazwe intombi

UNikita Khrushchev ngo-1953, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo, kakhulu okwandisa umsebenzi wokulima kweSoviet Union ukuze ukukwehlisela kusweleke ukudla kulowo nabantu bakuleli zwe. Nokho, uthemba hhayi kuphela ukugcwalisa izidingo ezidingekayo, kodwa futhi uzama ukuba idlule ukusebenza emazweni aseNtshonalanga e ukuthengwa zokusanhlamvu.

Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluthile ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa

Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka uya Plenum leKomiti Central, ngosizo kusishiya kodwa Khrushchev yena, abasizi ababili, abahleli eziningana "Iqiniso" futhi omunye sezolimo namahlathi, ukuze kutholakale kahle ukungathí sina kwaleso crisis ezolimo. Ngasekuqaleni Georgy Malenkov wathola credit setingucuko ukuxazulula inkinga nezokulima kuleli zwe. Kwakufanele ukunciphisa intela futhi ukhuthaze iziza ngabanye wezolimo.

Manje uNikita Khrushchev ahlinzekwa icebo ukuthi wencike ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe intombi e Kazakhstan. abayizigidi ezingu-nantathu amahektha umhlaba ngaphambilini kutshalwa kwadingeka ukuba eshayisa umusa. Leli zwe isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla eMfuleni iVolga emngceleni North eCaucasus, Western eSiberia futhi Northern Kazakhstan.

Ukuze noma ngokumelene ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba omusha

Kazakhstan umholi weqembu Shayahmetov ngokukhethekile underplayed isivuno ezingaba kwamazwe intombi. Wayengafuni insimu Kazakh lalibuswa Russian. Amalungu amaningi ehola iqembu, ezifana Molotov, Malenkov futhi Kaganovich, babe ekulweni nokwakheka nomhlaba omusha, futhi wabonisa ukuthi impendulo engeyinhle. Celina kuzodinga utshalomali omkhulu, leli cebo akuzange kubonakale engabizi kusukela iphuzu okunengqondo umbono.

Kodwa Khrushchev yaphikelela ukuba kuqokwe omningi ezweni elisha elinywayo - lena kuphela indlela ukuze uthole nokwanda okuphawulekayo isivuno ngesikhathi esifushane. A Landers virgin - laba yibo abantu ubani ozohola ezolimo wezwe kuya ezingeni entsha.

Akumnandi kuwufanele million amathathu adventure

Kunokuba ukwaba izimali ngoba lendawo abantukazana zabasebenzi Khrushchev isu ekhethekile ukuheha abasebenzi abasha ukuze balukhulume. Wabuka lokhu ukukhangisa njengoba adventure sezenhlalo intsha Soviet. Umkhankaso iqhutshelwa ezikoleni, phakathi abafundi iziqu emakilasini nezinye izikhungo zemfundo. Futhi Landers lokuqala virgin - ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu Komsomol amavolontiya. Ehlobo lika-1954 baya emazweni amasha.

Emva kokuvuna wokuqala omkhulu Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev anda izinhloso kokuqala, futhi manje ovula wanikezwa hhayi abangu-13 million hectares komhlaba kanye mayelana 30. Esikhathini kusuka 1954 kuya ku-1958 (eminyakeni ukuthuthukiswa emazweni virgin) isimo wachitha ruble ayizigidi ezingu 30,7 ukutshala entsha umhlaba.

Yini eyabangela wonke ezweni sokuvuna intombi

Sekukonke igeja lokulima emhlabathini intombi lenyuka production okusanhlamvu nokunciphisa ukusweleka kokudla ngendlela eside kunalokho iDemo. ngezinga elingaka omkhulu futhi impumelelo kokuqala umkhankaso kwakufanele sibeke ukubaluleka ft mlando. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, abalulekile umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu ukuguquguquka unyaka nonyaka kanye nokwehla kancane isivuno kalungisiswa amathemba uNikita Khrushchev ekufuneni lidlule US idatha kubutsela izitshalo by 1960.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1955 izinkulungwane 200 tractor bathunyelwa emazweni virgin, wadala 425 amapulazi isimo, futhi ingqikithi kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-30 bezwe elinywayo, zazo 20 kwakungezabamhlophe isivuno. Ngenxa yalokhu izwe yintombi Kazakhstan ulungisisa umzamo, inani umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu kuleli kulo nyaka kwaba liphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-60 kwangu-isivuno okusanhlamvu enkathini esukela ku-1949 kuya ku-1953.

Isimo sezulu, noma ukumangala, eyayibonakala eyethulwe intombi. isithombe

Kodwa ngenxa isomiso esinzima, futhi ngokuvamile utholakala ezifundeni Kazakhstan, izindawo eshayisa Uthole ezelwe esisodwa sokweshumi lemali evamile kwezulu ngoba isivuno sonyaka ozayo okusanhlamvu kwehla ngamaphesenti angu-35. Ngaleso sikhathi, Khrushchev waphoqeleka ukuba avume ukuba semthethweni ezinye ephikisanayo sendlela ukuthuthukisa amazwe eseyintombi ukuthi ukuhlola emazweni amasha jikelele. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, waqhubeka bathi ngenxa plan ngokuqinisekile ibe nempumelelo futhi lizokubuyisela izindleko.

1956, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi impumelelo isilimo sonyaka. Ukuhoxa nokusanhlamvu emazweni virgin landa ngamaphesenti angu-180 uma kuqhathaniswa amanani eyedlule isilinganiso. Ekhuthazwe impumelelo ye athuthukiswe futhi iqalise uhlelo, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev ngisho babuka kwezinye izindawo khona nsimu, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abalimi banikezwe ezihlukahlukene cash imiklomelo, izipho, uhlamvu lwemali ahlobene.

Inkinga eyinhloko, noma ukushoda zabasebenzi

Le ndawo lapho emazweni virgin zazisekelwe, ngokuyinhloko izindawo zasemaphandleni elinabantu encane. Tselinnik - lawa kwakungamadodana abantu ngokuqondile edonswe ukuthuthukiswa mazwe amasha. Ikakhulu ngenxa emaphandleni ampofu, izintandane Komsomol abathanda. nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle ziphoqe abasebenzi abaningi kakade ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ndawonye futhi ushiye esifundeni ungahlalwa muntu.

Ngenxa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe njalo wahlala ukushoda inhlekelele wezisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi abantu zazifika intsha nabangenakho okuhlangenwe nakho, zazingenawo amakhono ukusebenza ngempumelelo njengoba ogandaganda ihlanganisa, kanye nenye indawo zokukhiqiza. Phakathi nsimu 24 000 Ochwepheshe ezahlukene bathunyelwa ezifundeni Kazakhstan sokuthuthukiswa emazweni amasha, kodwa 14,000 babo cishe ngokushesha washiya umsebenzi ngenxa nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle.

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela imishini kanye izingxenye ezisele

Londoloza nezinye izinkinga ungawakhi izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza, naphezu kwemizamo ka uNikita Khrushchev e ukulethwa amazwe eyintombi imishini yezolimo. Kuthunyelwe cishe yonke ihadiwe eyayisanda kukhululwa ezimboni isiRashiya, Nokho ukuntuleka imishini ezindaweni athuthukile namanje babazi wazizwa. Ngezinye 1959 e Kazakhstan ngoba zonke amahektha 218 ezweni zaba ugandaganda eyodwa kuphela.

Izwe uye wahluleka ukukhiqiza isibalo imishini kwathatha ngokuqondene ukunwetshwa okungazelelwe izindawo kulinywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye imishini okwakudingeka ukukhanda elula, futhi wahlala untula. Ngenxa yalokho, eziningi ugandaganda alisetshenziswa, futhi nje ngoba abanayo izingxenye ngokwanele esikhululekile ukususa umonakalo zokucathula.

Isimo sezulu kanye inhlabathi izici

Plough wabalimi kungahlali zikhona ezindaweni ezomile. Umkhakha nsimu wathola amamilimitha angu-200 kuphela ukuze 350 imvula ngonyaka. Futhi ngokuvamile, bawa July no-August, lapho okusanhlamvu sesivuthiwe, noma ngesikhathi sokuvuna. A nesomiso kwavela entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi lapho abasha beya amahlumela kukhona kakhulu isidingo umswakama.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimila nkathi emfushane kakhulu. Izivunguvungu okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi libhekene futhi ngumuntu okunosawoti omningi. Cishe, imbangela kanye nomthelela ukwehla kancane kancane okusanhlamvu umkhiqizo emazweni intombi ngemva 1959.

Extreme nezimo zokusebenza, noma wawukwazi abantu baseSoviet

Abantu abaye basebenza ukuze azuzise lizwe, ukuthuthukisa ezolimo cishe langakufanelekela esifundeni - a Landers intombi. Photo kwesokunxele kusukela ngalezo zikhathi ukukhombisa ukumamatheka abo bejabula kwezinye izithombe ungabona ngisho indlela anikwa noma imiklomelo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zisebenzi ukwazi ukuthi eminingi yemizamo yabo echithekileyo?

Phela, ngaphambi isimemezelo Nikitoy Sergeevichem mayelana uhlelo lwakho zokuthuthukiswa kwemihlaba, kukhona indawo yokubeka okuncane kakhulu Kazakhstan izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho isivuno sokuqala, esiningi wasala ukubola emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi sokulondoloza ophoqelelwe abalimi ukuvuna ngokushesha ngesikhathi sezulu efanelekayo.

Lokhu kwaholela kulokho sesivuthiwe nokusanhlamvu angavuthiwe ngokuvamile kuxutshwe, futhi lokhu kwenze umswakama okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngenxa ukulimala okusanhlamvu. Uma isivuno Kazakhstan okulinganiselwa ku amathani abangaba yizigidi ezingu-22, amandla isitoreji ungakwazi kuphela ihlanganise thina 10. kuphela Kule kungaba iziphetho ezifanele.

Bobani Landers intombi? Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abantu abangekho e izimo ezimbi kakhulu cishe wazama hhayi kuphela ukugcwalisa plan for umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu, ukukhwezwa Nikitoy Sergeevichem Hruschevym, kodwa udlule, ngoba kwakuyinto evamile phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Futhi, njengokujwayelekile, abantu baseSoviet ephethwe nasezinganeni yini efika kuqala olufana ne-into engenakwenzeka futhi amazing.