Kungenzeka yini ukuhlukanisa igaraji? Indlela yokwehlukanisa igaraji: imibhalo edingekayo nezinqubo

Lapho nje umuntu ethenga imoto, ngokushesha ubhekene nombuzo othi "Kuphi ukubeka imoto yakho?" Kunezinketho eziningana zomnikazi wemoto: yokupaka imoto endaweni yokupaka ekhokhelwe, ukuqasha ibhokisi legalaji noma ukuthenga igaraji endaweni. Ukubhaliswa kwegalaji kuzovumela umnikazi wemoto ukuba asebenzise ngokugcwele impahla yakhe. Abaningi bezwile mayelana nokuzimela, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukusebenzisa kahle le nqubo. Indlela yokufaka isicelo segaraji? Ake sihlole lesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuzibandakanya: yikuphi futhi kungani kuyadingeka?

Ukuzibandakanya kusho ukususwa kobunikazi bomhlaba kwisakhamuzi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngaphandle komsebenzi wokwakha igaraji, umnikazi wemoto akayena umnikazi wegaraji eligcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, umnikazi akanalo ilungelo lokuthengisa, ukunikela noma ukuthola ifa lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhulumeni ngokuzumayo edinga indawo engaphansi kwebhokisi legalaji, umnikazi wezingozi zegaraji ahlale engenalutho. Ukuze uvikele izimpahla zabo, kubalulekile ukubhekana nenqubo yobunikazi futhi uhlele igaraji lakho.

Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegaraji, okuyingxenye yokubambisana, kuyindlela ekhethekile, ehlukile kwezinye izinto ezivela kwezinye izimpahla. Into ewukuthi ukwakha igaraji, okuyingxenye ye-GSK, akuyona indawo yomasipala noma impahla kamasipala, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuyithumela kumpahla yomuntu siqu. Ukuze isakhamuzi sibe umnikazi ophelele wegaraji, kufanele ngesikhathi esifanele enze ubulungu bentela futhi athole isitifiketi sobunikazi kwiRejista Yombuso Yobumbano Yamabhizinisi.

Ngokomthetho noma cha?

Kungenzeka yini ukuba ubunike igaraji futhi yini okudingeka yenziwe lokhu? Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqoqa amadokhumende wokubhaliswa kwempahla, umnikazi kumele athole ukuthi umthetho uyasemthethweni. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ngesikhathi se-perestroika kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi ngaphandle kwemvume yeziphathimandla, ngakho-ke namuhla amagareji anjalo kudingeka adluliswe ngokomthetho. Ukuze igaraji libe isakhiwo esisemthethweni, kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Thumela isitatimende sokumangalelwa enkantolo ukucacisa ubunikazi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umnikazi webhokisi legaraji kumele aqoqe amadokhumenti ngokuphepha kokwakhiwa kwawo.
2. Bhala isicelo ekhomishini ekhethekile yokulondolozwa nokuqedwa kwezakhiwo ezingekho emthethweni. Kulesi sicelo, kufanele ucele ukuthi igaraji "elingagunyaziwe" ligcinwe futhi lenziwe ngokomthetho.

Ngemva kokucela iziphathimandla futhi ukuthola imvume kubo ukwakha igaraji, isakhiwo esikhona asisekho emthethweni. Okulandelayo, ungenza igaraji.

Ungayibhalela kanjani isakhiwo, uma ungafuni ukuxhumana neziphathimandla?

Kunezimo ezikhethekile uma ukubhaliswa kwegaraji kungadingi izimvume:

• Isakhiwo segalaji sisezingeni lomhlaba elingakahlelwe ukusetshenziselwa ibhizinisi.
• Uma igaraji lwakhiwe emhlabeni we-dacha, imvume yeziphathimandla ayidingekile.
• Igalaji yensimbi, engaqedwa kalula futhi ifakwe endaweni entsha.
• Ukwakhiwa kwebhokisi legaraji esakhiweni sangasese sangasese akudingi nanoma yiziphi izigwebo ezivela eziphathimandla.

Indlela yokugcina igaraji lakho?

Njalo ngonyaka kunezindlu eziningi ezakhiwa ezweni lethu. Ngezizathu ezicacile, indawo yomhlaba ayanda. Iziphathimandla eziningi zikhulula umhlaba ngokubhubhisa amagaraji agesi, ikakhulukazi uma izakhiwo zingavunyelwe. Yiqiniso, abasebenzi bezokuphatha zendawo bangadinga umhlaba nangaphansi kwezindlu zangasese eziyimfihlo, futhi igaraji lensimbi lizobhujiswa. Noma kunjalo, esimweni sesibili, umnikazi webhokisi legalaji uyokhokha isinxephezelo semali sokudilizwa kwefa langempela.

Abanini bomhlaba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igaraji elizakhekile ngeke lihambe noma yikuphi. Eqinisweni, konke kuhlukile, futhi nganoma isiphi isikhathi umnikazi angalahlekelwa igaraji lakhe. Ungayichaza kanjani isakhiwo sakho segalaji futhi ungahlali nekhala lakho? Impendulo yalo mbuzo izonikezwa ngezansi.

Yini ebhaliwe emthethweni?

Umthetho waseRashiya ubeka ngokucacile inqubo yokubhaliswa kwempahla engenakususwa kumpahla. Umthetho uthi umnikazi wegaraji ubeke phambili kuqala ekuziphatheni komhlaba okutholakala ngaphansi kwesakhiwo segaraji. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma izakhamuzi eziningana zibiza isakhiwo sezwe, iziphathimandla zizokwenza okuthandayo kulowo osekhishiwe kakade igaraji. Indlela yokwehlukanisa isakhiwo segaraji, futhi hlobo luni lokuqoqwa kwamadokhumenti luboniswa ngomyalelo we-Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation ka-Septhemba 13, 2011.

Ukubambisana kwegaraji: ubunikazi

Amalungu amaningi e- cooperative egalaji akholelwa ukuthi ngokukhokhwa kwesikhashana kwebhilidi ibhokisi legalaji liba impahla yabo ngokuzenzekelayo. Eqinisweni, isimo sihlukile. Indlela yokwehlukanisa igaraji endaweni yokubambisana egalaji? Kufanele ngiqale kuphi le nqubo?

Okokuqala, umnikazi wegaraji kufanele axhumane nosihlalo wezokubambisana futhi athole amaphepha alandelayo avela kuye:

• Isitifiketi esitshela ukuthi isakhamuzi ilungu leGCW futhi ngendlela efika ngesikhathi ihlawula iminikelo;
• Amadokhumenti asemthethweni wokubambisana nokuqoqwa kwempahla yokubambisana;
• Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwe-GCS eziphathimandla zendawo;
• Amadokhumenti esakhiwo sezwe ngaphansi kwesakhiwo segaraji;
• Uhlu olugcwele lwamalungu we-GCS;
• Umbhalo oqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-GCS.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi webhokisi legalaji kufanele avakashele i-BTI futhi ahlele ukulinganisa ukwakhiwa. Kamuva, uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lokwakha igaraji luzokhishwa kwi-BTI.

Esikhathini sokugcina sokubambisana, umnikazi wegaraji kufanele aqoqe iphakheji eligcwele lamadokhumenti abuyele ku-Registration Chamber ngesitifiketi. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukushayela kochwepheshe we-BTI akuyona inqubo yamahhala, futhi ngaphandle kokukhokhwa komsebenzi wombuso, umnikazi ngeke athole isitifiketi sobunikazi.

Kodwa-ke, wonke amadokhumenti okukhulunywe ngenhla kufanele aqoqwe kuphela uma kungekho namalungu e-GSK ayengabonakali. Indlela yokwehlukanisa igaraji endaweni yokubambisana egalaji, uma wonke amalungu e-GSC enza ifomu lempahla ngesikhathi esifanayo? Kulesi simo, umnikazi wegaraji uzodinga ukuthatha isitifiketi sokubhaliselwa kombambiswano kuphela, zonke ezinye izincwadi ku-GCS ngeke zidingeke.

Ungaqhubeka kanjani uma igaraji liyisakhiwo esihlukile?

Kulula kakhulu ukwakha isakhiwo esivinjelwe. Ibhokisi legalaji, elinomnyango ohlukile kanye nesisekelo, kufanele kuthathwe njengegaraji elihlukile. Indlela yokwenza isitifiketi esakhiwe? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Thola imibhalo yezwe ngaphansi kwesakhiwo segaraji. Ukuze uthole imibhalo esemthethweni ezweni, umnikazi akudingeki abhalise impahla. Ukuze kulungiswe ukwakha igaraji, kwanele ukuphetha isivumelwano neziphathimandla ngokuqashiswa komhlaba.
2. Vakashela iBTI bese ufaka ipasipoti yobuchwepheshe yegaraji.
3. Esigabeni sokugcina se-privatization yegaraji, umnikazi kumele afake isicelo ekamelweni lokubhalisa futhi athole isitifiketi somnikazi. Esikhathini sokulingana, umnikazi webhokisi legaraji kufanele ahlinzeke ipasipoti yezobuchwepheshe yesakhiwo, ipasipoti ye-cadastre yegaraji kanye nekhophi yepasipoti yesakhamuzi.

Ukuzibandakanya komhlaba

Uma isakhamuzi sidlulisa impahla yakhe, singakwazi ukulahlekelwa yimpahla yakhe futhi sihlale singenalutho. Muva nje, izikhulu zishiye umhlaba wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kungathunyelwa ekubhubhiseni: inqolobane, inkundla, noma ngisho negaraji. Indlela yokubheka isakhiwo segaraji futhi ungayilahleki? Ukuze wenze lokhu, umnikazi wegalaji yemoto kudingeka adlulisele kuphela isakhiwo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi umhlaba ngaphansi kwegalaji. Izwe elingasetshenziselwa ngaphansi kwebhokisi legalaji linikeza umnikazi ukuzethemba esikhathini esizayo, futhi uyamvikela ekulahlekelweni impahla yakhe.

Siqoqa amadokhumende wokubhaliswa komhlaba

Ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuhlukanisa umhlaba ngaphansi kwegaraji, kuyadingeka ukwakha isakhiwo segalaji ngokwayo. Yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze ubhaliswe umhlaba?

• Ikhophi yepasipoti yesakhamuzi saseRussian Federation. Uma esikhundleni somnikazi wegaraji umklamo uphathwa ngummeleli wakhe ogunyaziwe, khona-ke amandla ommeli ayadingeka ngaphezu kwalokho.
• Isitatimende esivela kwisakhamuzi (ifomu lesicelo lingatholakala kwi-Intanethi futhi lishicilelwe kusengaphambili).
• Amadokhumenti aqinisekisa ubunikazi besakhiwo segaraji.
• Imbuyiselo yokukhokhwa kwemali kahulumeni.

Njengoba kungabonakala kusukela ngenhla, amadokhumenti okubambisana kwegaraji kanye nomhlaba wezwe ngaphansi kwawo ahluke komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqoqa iphakheji lamadokhumenti, umnikazi kufanele afune iseluleko sochwepheshe.

Kufanele nini ukukhokhela inqubo yobumfihlo?

Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yeRussia Federation, ukuzikhethela mahhala kwegaraji kungenzeka kuphela uma isakhiwo sithengwa ngumnikazi ngaphambi kuka-2001. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, kuzodingeka unikeze igazi lakho ilungelo lokubhalisa impahla yakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokubhalisa ngqo kuxhomeke ekutheni intela yomhlaba kanye nokubaluleka kwangempela komhlaba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimfihlo zingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemvume yezinhlangano zokuzimela zendawo zendawo zokuthenga isakhiwo sezwe yisakhamuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umnikazi wegaraji ngeke athole impendulo ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela izinsuku ezingu-14 zokusebenza ngemuva kokudluliswa kwezikhalazo eziphathimandla.

Izinzuzo zobunikazi

• Umnikazi wesakhiwo segalaji uzokwazi ukuthengisa, ukunikela, ukuqashisa, ukushintshanisa noma ukushiya impahla yakhe ngokuthula.
• Uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa kuyodingeka kudilizwe ngesicelo seziphathimandla, umnikazi wegaraji uzokhokhelwa isinxephezelo semali yesakhiwo.

Amaminithi wegaraji eliyimfihlo

• Lapho nje isakhamuzi sithola idokhumenti yobunikazi, ngokuzenzakalelayo iba umkhokhi wentela futhi kufanele akhokhe intela.
• Ukukhokhwa kwentela yonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-2015, intela yomhlaba ngaphansi kwekwakhiwa kwegaraji kanye nentela egalaji ngokwayo ihlangene ibe intela yendawo eyodwa.
• Uma kwenzeka ukukhokhwa intela okungakapheli, umnikazi wegalaji ulinde inkathazo. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi iziphathimandla zentela zaqala ukulwa nabangakhokhi. Uma kwenzeka kungabikho ukukhokhelwa kwentela yentela, umnikazi wegaraji angaba ngumhambi ovinjiwe, akhokhe imali enkulu yezinhlawulo kanye nezinhlawulo ngisho nokuya ejele.
• Ukuzibandakanya kwekwakhiwa kwegaraji kuhlanganisa izindleko ezengeziwe. Esikhathini esizayo, umnikazi wegaraji kumele adrejise endaweni kanye nomhlaba ngaphansi kwalo.

Isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, abaningi abanikazi bemoto bachithe ukwakhiwa kwegaraji, ngaphandle kwemibhalo eqinisekisa ubunikazi babo. Kusukela ngo-2006, umthetho weRussian Federation uvumela umnikazi wangempela wegaraji ukuba abe ngumnikazi wezomthetho wale ndawo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo yokuzibandakanya yesikhathi eside futhi idla isikhathi esiningi. Izakhamuzi eziningi aziqondi izintandokazi zomthetho waseRussia, ngakho le nqubo iphathwe kahle kakhulu ochwepheshe. Abameli abanolwazi abakwazi ukusiza kuphela ukuqoqwa kwamadokhumenti, kodwa futhi benze wonke umsebenzi ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isakhamuzi kufanele senze kuphela amandla aqokelwe ummeli welungelo lokuqhuba ibhizinisi kummeleli wakhe.

Izinzuzo nezingozi zegaraji eliyimfihlo zibalwe ngenhla, ngakho umnikazi unelungelo lokunquma noma ukungabhalisi ubunikazi besakhiwo sakhe segalaji kanye nesakhiwo somhlaba ngaphansi kwalo.