Umnyaka umhlalaphansi emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi impesheni, ephansi futhi kuqale inkathi okusezingeni eliphezulu umhlalaphansi

Enkulumweni ngamunye, yobudala umhlalaphansi lihlukile. Ukuze uthole off ekuphumuleni kahle sifaneleka, izakhamuzi amazwe baye ngenqubo efanele. Umnyaka umhlalaphansi emhlabeni ibalwa ngokuvumelana isimiso esifanayo - acabangele isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu.

ekubaleni impesheni uhlelo emhlabeni

Kunezinhlobo eziningana izinhlelo phezu okuyinto impesheni enqwabelene. Kodwa kwencazelo engu umhlalaphansi zomhlaba ngokufanayo.

Izinzuzo kungenzeka enqwabelene ku ngabanye ukonga uhlelo, ukusatshalaliswa intela uhlelo.

amadoda Ubudala

Umthetho wamazwe amaningi emhlabeni umhlalaphansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane lihlukile. Amazwe lapho bobubili ubulili buyigugu ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuya ngeholide, lincane ngokwanele. Empeleni, iminyaka yomhlalaphansi emhlabeni uhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Abesilisa ubhekwa iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha abavukuzi bezinga, ngakho wanikeza umhlalaphansi kamuva. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa engu umhlalaphansi amadoda emhlabeni.

Ubudala abesifazane

Ngokomthetho emazweni amaningi eye wavumela abesifazane ukuba umhlalaphansi ngaphambi amadoda. Njengoba lesi sithombe sibonisa etafuleni, yobudala umhlalaphansi emhlabeni kwabesifazane kuhlukile uthi iningi.

Umhlalaphansi

isimo ngasinye uzama ukugcina uhlelo impesheni esimweni engaguquki, kodwa njalo ukuyigcina ezweni lanamuhla kunzima. Ngakho-ke mina laqala ukwenyuka engu umhlalaphansi emhlabeni. Kwezinye izimpikiswano ezaphakanyiswa engu ngenkuthalo kuxoxwa.

Inkinga okukuthinte ngayo wonke amazwe. Emva ukuhlaziywa kwatholakala ukuthi emazweni Awunayo imali eyanele ngazo zonke izindlela. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwandeni engu umhlalaphansi. Phela, kuba lula ukuthola abantu ukusebenza isikhathi eside, kuyilapho kokuthola labasebenzi kanye nokunciphisa indlela osebenzisa ngayo imali yomphakathi ukuqinisekisa izakhamuzi.

Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi kuwo wonke amazwe engu umhlalaphansi ayinakho amagugu ecacile futhi ingahluka.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule izinhlelo ukubala kanye umhlalaphansi

ezahlukene izinhlelo nempesheni ukubala asetshenziswa emazweni ahlukahlukene. Nokho, asikho isimiso esisodwa isetshenziswa emazweni angaphandle, inhlanganisela ezimbili noma ezintathu.

1. Uhlelo ngakunye-uxhaso. Kuyinto inqubo ekuqongeleleni imali yempesheni ukuthi izakhamuzi uhlu siqu izimali zempesheni. Kungase futhi kwenze umqashi. Kusukela lemali anqwabelene esibala ngayo lenkokhelo nyangazonke.
2. Distribution uhlelo olusekelwe intela impesheni. Lolu hlobo kuhilela ukudlulisela imali impesheni engenayo. Ngenxa yalokho kohlelo ukubala, okuthunyelwe umhlalaphansi impesheni ukuthola izinkokhelo zabo ngezithukuthuku bethu abanengi abasebenzako.
3. uhlelo Distribution, ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo izintela wabelane. Lolu hlobo kudinga accrual izinkokhelo, okuyinto etholakala esikhwameni sentela.

izinhlelo umhlalaphansi

Kunamaphuzu amaningana States ukwenza izinguquko umthetho impesheni. Ukraine uhlela ukwandisa engu umhlalaphansi abesifazane kuya eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha. Lezi zinguquko ngenxa sesingasebenza kusuka 2021. nezigaba ezithile izakhamuzi zaseRussia manje uyothatha umhlalaphansi kamuva. Lokhu kusebenza bakahulumeni nabezombusazwe. Ngaphansi kohlelo olusha kusukela 2025, zizokwenziwa zibe kokuyeka eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-60 no-65 ubudala. Umahluko kulokho athathe umhlala kwabesilisa nabesifazane izoqhubeka.

Ngo Kazakhstan e 2018 sihlelwe nokulinganisa engu-amadoda nabesifazane abaye yanquma ukuya ngeholide iminyaka engu-63. Uhulumeni wase-US uhlela ukukhulisa kweminyaka emibili nengu-65 kuya ku 69. Kulelizwe amadoda nabesifazane umhlalaphansi ndawonye.

Popular umhlalaphansi

Kwamanye amazwe, ukwanda esiphezulu yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. EJapane, amadoda kanye namakhosikazi angawusebenzisa ngathatha umhlalaphansi ngineminyaka engu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Kuleli zwe, indinganiso sasivumela zokuphila ziphakeme futhi isikhathi eside isilinganiso ukuphila. Lezi izinkomba kakhulu ukuthi ngasekupheleni ngakho ukuya eholidini.

Budebuduze ngemuva Japan, Albania. Lapha, abantu umhlalaphansi ngineminyaka engu 69,5 futhi iminyaka 64,5. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke kufanele isebenze eDenmark. Kuleli zwe, abantu umhlalaphansi kuphela kwengu-67. Akukho ukuhlukana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, wonke uye eholidini ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Umnyaka aphansi impesheni

I izinhlelo nempesheni yezwe ngalinye njalo ukushintshwa. Ukuze 2017, ephansi umhlalaphansi ubudala emhlabeni emazweni anjenge Russia, Ukraine, eBelarus, Turkey. Kula mazwe, abantu ukuba bahambe eseholidini e engamashumi ayisithupha, futhi abesifazane - nge amahlanu nanhlanu. Nokho, e-Turkey, abesifazane avunyelwe ukuthatha umhlalaphansi nge iminyaka engu-56.

Umhlalaphansi akakhulumi kulawo mazwe ukuthi kukhona iminotho athuthukile. ERussia, Belarus, Ukraine namanye amazwe emhlabeni lapho kuvunyelwe khona ekuqaleni ukuya eholidini, kukhona ongaphakeme bempilo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amazwe akuzona ocebile.

Inani izinkokhelo

Emhlabeni wonke, inani izinkokhelo lihlukile. Iningi umhlala-phansi, abahlala eFrance, eJalimane, eJapane, e-United States. Kula mazwe, abayikhokhela ruble 25 kuya kwezingu-45 (uma ibe ruble Russian).

Kunabo bonke kukhona Georgia, Uzbekistan impesheni, Moldova, Argentina. Kula mazwe, abantu ikhokhwe esingaphansi libe yizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Kancane ezingaphezu kuka uthole izakhamuzi zaseRussia, Belarus, Ukraine futhi Azerbaijan.

Njalo ilizwe unendlela yawo izici umhlalaphansi nokuhlolwa senani. Kwamanye, kumane inikeza ukufinyelela 50, futhi kwezinye izimo abantu bephoqeleka ukuba asebenze kuze kube iminyaka engu-70.