Icala laseLabrevich Alexei. Alexei Petrovich Romanov: ukuchithwa kwesihlalo sobukhosi

Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov Wabelethwa ngenyanga kaMhlolanja ngomhlaka 18, 1690 ku isimo. 23,02 wabhapathizwa. WayeyiZwi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian futhi eyizibulo, uPeter Omkhulu. igama likanina lalingu-inkosikazi yokuqala yenkosi Evdokia Lopuchin.

Alexei Petrovich: Biography emfushane

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila inakekelwa Natal Kirillovny - ugogo. Eminyakeni 6 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov waqala ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala ngendlela elula futhi ungafundile uyangabaza Nikifor Vyazemsky. Ngo 1698, Evdokia Lopuchin wayeboshiwe ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Kule esitokisini iphuzu lendodana yakhe uPetru wambizela Natalia Alekseevna (anti). Lo mfana wabe esephuthunyiswa esigodlweni isimo.

Ngo-1699, uPetru, ewukhumbula, unyana wakhe, wanquma ukuthi amthume Dresden ukufunda, kanye izici zofuzo. Karlovic. Nokho, lona wamuva wafa. Njengoba umeluleki esikhundleni Jikelele abamenyiwe Neugebauer Saxon we-University of Leipzig. Nokho, ukuze abophe isikhulu uthisha omusha ayisebenzanga, ukuze ku 1702 elahlekelwa isikhundla sakhe. Ezemfundo lomfana laqala ukwenza Baron Gyuyssena. N. Vyazemsky e 1708 babikela Tsar Alexei wahlanganyela French nesiJalimane, lifundza indzaba, wabhala uhlelo Atlas uhlola affixes kanye Nokwehla.

Kuze 1709 umfana ophilayo kude noyise isimo. Esiteshini esigodlweni abantu ithonywe kakhulu ubuntu Tsarevich Alexei. Ngokusho kwakhe, babemfundisa nokuvakashela ukuze cherntsam nabapristi, podpivat nabo, "bigots".

izingxabano

Peter nangokuthi Alexei Petrovich kwadingeka izinto ngendlela ehlukile empilweni kanye polity. Monarch yafuna indlalifa ukumadanisa amagama, kodwa lona okugcinwe wayengeyena imfundo. Phakathi ukukhuthazwa abaseSweden maphakathi nezwe uPetru wayala indodana yakhe ukulandela ukuqeqeshwa ukubuthela futhi inqubo yokuhlakulela izinqaba eMoscow. Kodwa umphumela imisebenzi kayihlo indlalifa sika akazange asijabulele kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi kwabathukuthelisa ulwazi ngesikhathi imisebenzi Alexei Petrovich waya unina Suzdal sezindela.

Ngo 1709, ephelezelwa Golovkin futhi Trubetskoy intsha wathunyelwa Dresden ukufunda izilimi, "ezindabeni zezombangazwe" futhi izinqaba. Lapho beqeda Alexei Petrovich kwadingeka kudlule ukuhlolwa kuleli phambi kukayise. Kodwa umfana, wesaba ukuthi le nkosi ngeke kube nzima ukwenza umdwebo, ezama ukudubula ngokwakho esandleni. Ubaba ofuthelene bayishaya wamenqabela ukuba avele enkantolo. Kodwa kamuva wayeka ukuvimbela.

umshado

Ngo 1707 Gyuyssena inikeza womshado Prince - Princess Charlotte ka Lüneburg. Entwasahlobo ka-1710 ezakubona. Ngemva konyaka, ekuqaleni kuka-April, ke usayine isivumelwano somshado. Okthoba 14, 1711 elinokukhohlakala kakhulu eliseTorgau lomshado omangalisayo zenzeka. Emshadweni, saba nendodakazi, Natalia nendodana kuPetru. Ngemva kokuzalwa Charlotte wafa. Tsarevich Alexei Romanov wakhetha ukhukhuva Euphrosyne ka serfs Vyazemsky. Ngalo, yena kamuva eYurophu.

UPetru No-Alexei Petrovich kubangela ngxabano +

Kuzo zonke izimo, esikhipha isimo, le nkosi ukubeka amandla akhe alandisa umfutho. Nokho, imisebenzi kabusha kaPetru savusa nemizwa exubile phakathi izingxenye eziningi labantu. Against kwekuhlela kabusha lakhe ibingamashumi abacibisheli, izicukuthwane, abefundisi. Kamuva uhlanganiswe Tsarevich Alexei, indodana ka-Andreya noPetru. Ngokusho Bestuzhev-Ryumin, le nsizwa yayingumuntu yisisulu ukungakwazi sikayise ukuze uzwisise umthetho kanye nezidingo ubuntu bakhe, eqanjwe ngaye yonke umsebenzi sokuphikelela wawuyinqaba. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uzwela eyabonisa Alex ukuba abalandeli endulo, yondliwa mkhuba ngokwengqondo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kutshalwa futhi zigcinwe izindawo zako ezizungezile. Kuze kwadingeka ukuba kulungiswe udaba ifa, zizofinyelela ebucayini.

Peter bahlushwe ukucabanga ukuthi indodana yakhe ukubhubhisa konke udaliwe. Yena ngokwakhe wanikela ukuphila kwakhe ukuguqula simiso esidala, ukwakheka isimo esisha. Esikhundleni sakhe akazange ukubona umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla umsebenzi. UPetru No Tsarevich Alexei kwase ezingqubuzanayo imigomo, isimo sengqondo, izifiso, amagugu, nezisusa zabo. Isimo kwabhebhethekiswa division of umphakathi ku abasekeli kanye nezitha kabusha. Inhlangano ngayinye nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni zempi, ngokuletha isiphelo sako ezibuhlungu.

Umbono M. P. Pogodina

Ucwaningo we ukungqubuzana sikaPetru indodana yakhe wahlanganyela eziningi mlando nabacwaningi. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Pogodin. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Alexei ayikanye nhlobo slobs futhi ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela. Encwadini yakhe ethi, wabhala ukuthi le nsizwa yayingumuntu curious kakhulu. Esikhathini nezindleko ithrekhi ncwadi isikhulu wabonisa kokuchitha izincwadi angaphandle. Kuyo yonke imizi lapho wahlala, wathola isamba esikhulu ukushicilelwa, okwakuyinto kuphela okuqukethwe ezingokomoya. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona izincwadi zomlando, ekumeni, namabalazwe. Alex wabheka indawo. Pogodin futhi kuholela Gyuyssena amazwi, owathi le nsizwa emimoya ukuvelela, izibambe ngekucabangisisa, ingqondo, kanye sinesifiso esikhulu ukuba benze umsebenzi oncomekayo futhi uthole konke kubhekwa ezidingekayo ukuze ngundlalifa uhulumeni omkhulu. Alex kwadingeka okuthulile, uhlamvu okushiwoyo, wabonisa ukuthi unesifiso ukwenza i kokukhuthalela kwabo bonke ebilahlekile kwezemfundo.

indiza

Lapho kuzalwa indodana yakhe kanye ngemva kokushona komkayo Alexey kwaqondana obhekwe ngengane UPeter nomkakhe Catherine, obethi futhi ngokuthi uPetru. Lo mcimbi Inyakazisé isikhundla yezinsizwa, njengoba manje akusiyo okunabileko uyise njengoba nje indlalifa ophoqelelwe. Ngosuku ukungcwatshwa Sharlotty Petr wanika Alexis incwadi. Kuyo, wamsola indlalifa bikho propensity nezindaba isimo, Wamncengisisa ukuba alungise noma ukuphuca kuye amalungelo akhe.

Ngo 1716 Alex lathuthela ePoland ngokusemthethweni ukuvakashela uPetru, owayehlala ngaleso sikhathi e-Copenhagen. Nokho, ugijimela kusukela Gdansk eVienna. Bheka ixoxisana mithi European phakathi kwabo kwakukhona eyisihlobo unkosikazi oshonile of Austria uMbusi Karl. Austrians zafinyelela ngasese indodana uPetru eNaples. On the indawo yoMbuso WaseRoma, wayehlele ukuphinde ukulinda kuze kube kokufa kukayise, ngaleso sikhathi kakhulu bolevshego. Khona-ke, ngosizo we Austrians, wayecabanga ukuthi ube Alexei Russian Tsar. Nazo ngokufanayo, kuzosetshenziswa njengobufakazi uma umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla upopayi ku kokungenela eMbusweni Russian. Nokho, Kamuva, Austrians ishiywe izinhlelo zabo, uwabheka esiyingozi kakhulu.

usesho

Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa Ukuphunyuka kwatholakala indlalifa uma Tsarevich Alexei. Saqala yokusesha. umhlali Russian e Vienna Veselovsky wathunyelwa umyalo sitsatse tinyatselo letibalulekile kute kusungulwe indawo yokuhlala nombaleki. Adalberto isikhathi eside ukusesha enganikanga imiphumela. Lokhu kwaba cishe ngenxa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa yokuthi Veselovsky kwaba ngesinye nge Kikin ezasekela Alexei e izinhloso zakhe.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlakanipha Russian wakwazi silandelele yindlalifa. Simelele uMbusi wathunyelwa isicelo ukuze ayiswe nombaleki. Ngo-April 1717, UCharles VI Veselovsky unikezwe incwadi wakuthola kuPetru. It ebuzwa lo mbusi ukuba amnike indlalifa nombaleki ukuba "ukulungiswa zoyise."

Buyela Russia

Alex kwaba yithemba futhi wancenga hhayi lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze ukuba uPetru. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, UTolstoy futhi Rumyantsev athunyelwa ngemuva kuye. Bethembisa yokuzuza imvume yenkosi sokushada Euphrosyne nihlale okwalandela edolobhaneni. UTolstoy futhi Rumyantsev wenza okungaphezu kwamandla.

Ngezinyanga ezimbili nje, baqhuba operation omkhulu usebenzisa zonke izindlela yokucindezelwa. Ngaphezu sizohlangana ngumholi, nesethembiso sokuthethelelwa kuyise, bathi ebathenga bonke kuya viceroy laseNaples, esaba u-Alexis, ukuthi nakanjani abulawe uma anibuyelanga, esatshiswe indlovukazi yakhe futhi waqiniseka ukuba nethonya kuye. ekugcineni Bababhe phezulu kanye nokumesaba neziphathimandla Austria, esongela a ekuhlaselweni yizimpi. Umbusi wamaRoma waqale wenqaba lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze umbaleki. Nokho, UTolstoy wanikezwa imvume yokuvakashela kokwesikhulu. Le ncwadi, okuyinto wanika indlalifa kayise, ayikwazanga ukukholisa akabuyele. UTolstoy ihlaba umuntu umxhwele olusemthethweni Austria kuya kusho u-Alexei "imfihlo" ukuthi umbuzo ayiswe sakhe sesivele ukuxazululwa. Lokhu indlalifa bayaqiniseka ukuthi akanayo uthembele ukusizwa Austria. Khona-ke u-Alex waphendukela abaseSweden. Nokho, impendulo ekuzimiseleni kukahulumeni wamnika ibutho ngasekupheleni. Ngaphambi eyamukelwe, UTolstoy banxenxa Alexei ukubuyela ekhaya. Indlalifa umaluju.

Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-October 1717 Prince uPetru waloba ngayo ngomumo ukuphinde ngibuyele eRussia, benethemba lokuthola intethelelo. Esiteshini zokugcina, Austria lamfica nesithunywa sabo Karl ukuze ekugcineni ukwenza ukuthi isinqumo indlalifa wamukela ngokuzithandela. UTolstoy akazange asijabulele kakhulu nale futhi asebenzelana ngayo isithunywa kunalokho abandayo. Alex yena, waqinisekisa izinhloso yokuzithandela.

Ukucacisa izimo Ukuphunyuka

Ngo-February 3, indlalifa yesihlalo le nkosi Russian esayina kuchithwa livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uthola ukuthethelelwa uyise ngaphansi kombandela owodwa. Wawunamabhodi esibophweni ukukhipha nombaleki ababehamba yakhe. Yaqala uphenyo endabeni Tsarevich Alexei. Ngemva abdication, inqobo nje indlalifa wangaphambili ukubiza amagama zonke nabo futhi ukusiza, lapho bazovunyelwa bukhoma ku izigodi zabo futhi ukugcina ubumfihlo. Ngemva ingxoxo uyise waqala amaphoyisa elunywe indlebe. Ngo-1871, kwalotshwa mdwebo "Petru 1 interrogates Tsarevich Alexei," umculi UNikolai Gen. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini ukuqoqwa Tretyakov Igalari. Kuboshwe abantu Ngo ezingaphezu kuka-130 phakathi uphenyo.

Public ngenkuthalo waxoxa esimweni Tsarevich Alexei. Unyaka 1718 kwaba ukuqala okubizwa ngokuthi "kikinskogo uphenyo." Kikin Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko ummangalelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengumuntu intandokazi uPetru wehlelwe yini. Ngo 1713-1716 GG. empeleni, kwamiswa iqembu emhlabeni indlalifa le nkosi sika. Kanyekanye search waqala eMoscow mayelana Evdokia Lopukhina. Kukholakala ukuthi waba yingxenye "izenzakalo kikinskih" ezenze endabeni Tsarevich Alexei. Nokho, Imibhalo ezihlobene ucinge Suzdal, ukuphikisa lo mbono. Njengoba izimbangela, umhlangano Lopukhina nendlalifa laligujwa kanye kuphela - e 1708-m. Lo mhlangano kwaholela intukuthelo unconcealed uPetru. kamuva Lopuchin wazama ukuhlela ingxoxo nendodana yakhe ngokusebenzisa umfowabo. Nokho, indlalifa wayenguyise kabi wethukile. Ezincwadini ukuze Yakovu Ignatevu (umambuli) Alesya hhayi kuphela uvinjelwe ukuxhumana nonina, kodwa ayivumeli kuye ukuvakashela abangane nezihlobo edolobhaneni Suzdal nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

umusho

Icala Tsarevich Alexei yaphela kabuhlungu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo indlalifa sazilahla wayengazange kulindeleke umphumela onjalo. Ngaphambi egweba nkosi ebuzwa amakhansela umbono. Abahluleli ngokwabo baye inhlolovo phakathi abamele amakilasi ahlukahlukene social namaqembu.

Abefundisi, ucabangela endabeni Tsarevich Alexei, kwaholela izingcaphuno zeTestamente Elidala, owawuthi, ukuze akangajeziswa owalandela abangalawuleki. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, bakhumbula futhi Kristu wakhuluma intethelelo. Peter wamenywa ukukhetha - okujezisa noma ukuxolelwa.

Ngokuqondene yizakhamuzi, zozela zonke, ngokuzimela komunye nomunye ngokuphelele ngazwi linye wamemezela isigwebo sokufa.

Isigwebo esasayinwa abantu 127. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona Menshikov kuqala, bese Apraksin, Golovkin, Yakov Dolgoruky nokunye. eduze abavelele ukuba inkantolo yabe ingenazo kuphela isignesha Sheremetiev. Umbono mayelana nezizathu yokuntula sokuhluka. Ngakho, Shcherbatov wagomela ngokuthi Sheremet'ev umemezele ukuthi yena alikho zamakhono kwakhe ezokwahlulela ku yindlalifa. Ngokusho Golikova, Field Marshal ngesikhathi uyagula wahlala e Moscow, ngakho ngemvume sinqumo bahluleka.

ukufa

Icala Tsarevich Alexei yavalwa 26 Juni, 1718 Le nguqulo esemthethweni kokufa indlalifa sazilahla iphutha ngenxa yokushaqeka. Lapho ezwa ngaleso sinqumo, Alex yawela nokuquleka. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho ngokwengxenye ephaphama waqala buza yekelo of wonke umuntu. Nokho, ukubuya yokugcina eya ububona wayeyidumaze futhi wafa.

Ekhulwini XIX, amaphepha atholakele, ngokuhambisana okuyinto kuthiwa ngaphambi kokuba afe-Alexei ahlukunyezwe. Ngafaka phambili imfundiso yokuthi baye bazibulala. Peter yena, wakhipha isaziso lapho waveza ukuthi indodana yakhe walalela leso sinqumo futhi ngashaqeka. Ngemva kwesikhashana wacela uyise abese exolisa kuye. Alex wafa ngendlela yobuKristu, ngokugcwele bephenduka ezenzweni zabo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi wabalahla wabulawa oda kayise. Nokho, lezi idatha ephikisana kakhulu. Eminye imithombo eziqukethe ngayo ukwaziswa uPetru ngokwakhe kusolakala nengxenye yokuhlupha Aleksei.

Ngu obunye ubufakazi indima oqondile yini ngokufa indlalifa syglal Menshikov futhi umuntu wakhe athembekile. Eminye imibhalo bathi ngaphambi ukuhamba langempela Alexei, bekaba ke. Ngokwemibiko ethile umfana anobuthi. Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi Alexei wayehlushwa isifo sofuba. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwakubangelwa oyingozi futhi ngenxa nomphumela emibi yemithi.

indlalifa babemshiyile wembelwa uPetru noPawulu Cathedral phambi kukayise. Ngemuva lomngcwabo wahamba le nkosi yena, ngemuva kwakhe - Menshikov, senators nezinye abavelele.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Ikesi isikhulu wagcinwa imfihlo State Archives. Minyaka yonke olwenziwa luhlolo lwezimpawu. Ngo 1812, i-paper walala ebhokisini elikhethekile, kodwa, babaleka, kwaba imibhalo ayahlakazeka phakathi nokuhlaselwa Napoleon. Ngemva kwalokho, base kabusha zesikole kuchazwe. Okwamanje, imibhalo iyatholakala esidlangalaleni.

Ngokwezazi-mlando

Umcimbi zomlando ezingavamile kubhekwe ukubulala dynastic. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi unesithakazelo esikhethekile ku-izingane, kusho abacwaningi. umlando Russian uyazi amacala amabili anjalo. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubusa Ivana Groznogo, owesibili - ngesikhathi kubusa, uPeter Omkhulu. abalobi abahlukahlukene futhi abacwaningi baye bahlolisisa ngalezi zenzakalo. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini yakhe ethi, Jarosch ihlola izici ezivamile futhi esasenza imihlola. Ikakhulukazi, yabhekisela umehluko phakathi ubuhlobo siqu obaba ngokungafanele ukuba kokufa kwamadodana abo.

Njengoba izimbangela Grozny wabulala ngephutha. Ngemva kwalokho, uyise kamunyu ngizisole ngalokho ayekwenzile, wamemeza, wancenga odokotela ukubuyela indodana yakhe iyaphila. Kubi Wazibiza ngokuthi umbulali, umbusi futhi bengafaneleki. Wathi indodana kaNkulunkulu nokuswela wamjezisa ngenxa yezono zakhe esikhathini esidlule, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwesokunxele ukuya esigodlweni sezindela manje futhi lapho ngithandaze ngicele intethelelo. Ekugcineni, waze waya Palestine ezimbalwa.

UPetru, ngakolunye uhlangothi, waba nenkinga indodana yakhe isikhathi eside ukuba amfake kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngisho ukuthethwa kwecala lakhe. Jarosch wathi ngokubeka intukuthelo yakhe indlalifa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, akalokothi wamthethelela ngemva kokufa.

imiphumela

Ngokuqinisekile, izenzakalo yaleyo minyaka kubange resonance ububanzi emphakathini. Iningi abacwaningi bafinyelela isiphetho esinobunye ngokubona ukuthi ukufa Tsarevich ukulondolozwa lizwe baphindele oyi-Petrine inkathi. Nokho, kwakuba nemiphumela engemihle imicimbi. Ngemva kokushona kwendodana yakhe uPetru 1722 ushintshe oda ukudluliswa kwamandla esimweni. Eqinisweni, wabachitha yi izikhungo efanayo. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, yilokhu eyayizoba ngesisekelo isigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso. Esikhathini esizayo, iningi kuphakame amandla nkosi badabula emzabalazweni. Klyuchevskii wabhala ukuthi umthetho omusha uPetru phindisela lwamakhosi yakhe nesihlalo sobukhosi wanikwa intando kunjalo.

Uma sikhuluma nabantu abavamile, bese phakathi nokuphila we indlalifa yezithembiso kubantu wathumela uhlu amajaji. Kubo kufanele bafunge ukuthi bayoqhubeka bezithoba lo mbusi omusha. Nokho, akubona bonke izinqubo yahamba ngokushelela. Ukumelana kwadingeka ikakhulukazi Abasekeli oludala. Abazange baziqaphele le Alexis yehliswa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi inkosi esontweni ngeSonto kwafika umuntu nge ephepheni. Kuyo, wala ukuba bafunge ukuthi bayoqhubeka bezithoba indlalifa entsha, yize esazi ukuthi le nkosi engakwenza intukuthelo. Peter ngaphambilini ukumisa phezu komlilo kancane dymivshimsya esiphendula esibhekisa phansi.

isiphetho

Ngesikhathi exacerbation of ukungqubuzana uPetru futhi Alekseem Tsarevich wayefuna ukuya Isigodlo, ngokuzithandela usesulile yisiphi isibopho. Nokho, njengoba kufakazelwa imithombo, uyise akakunikanga kwemvume. Mangisho ukuthi izazi-mlando eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi impande ingxabano walala ukwenqena kaPetru ukubhekana indodana yakhe, kusukela ekuqaleni. Wayengumuntu abanothando kakhulu nezindaba zomphakathi, izinguquko, ukuthatha uhambo, ukuqeqeshwa. indodana kwaba isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwethonya nezitha umbuso omusha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusho kwabanye abalobi, kungase kube ozokwenza okufaneleko. Phela, njengoba amarekhodi abonisa, wayesalokhu yabonisa ukulalela, lafuna ukuthola ulwazi, waba nelukuluku lokwazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uzwela yayo nge omisiwe zangenkathi yangaphambi Petrine ngempela ozokugiriza konke sidalwe uyise. Monarch uyesaba kakhulu lokhu. Ngaye, izithakazelo isimo sika babe ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lokhu, athi, futhi kusukela imvelo yayo kanye nezingane. Ngandlela-thile, ukulondolozwa isimo ukuzalwa indodana uPeter Omkhulu ngomshado wakhe wesibili. Manje, isimo ungase uthole indlalifa uyakufanelekela eyamlandela icala lakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni kungenzekani ukuwohloka ezithile, ngoba amadodana ka-Peter nangokuthi Alexei igama elifanayo. Lolu udaba kwaba futhi exinwe eNgophezukonke.

Escape Alexey uPetru libhekwe njengelingcwele komuntu oshade naye, ugobe. Yingakho, ngemva bamba yakhe waqala ukuboshwa futhi siphenywe njalo. Alexey alindele intethelelo uyise, kodwa kunalokho enikwa isigwebo sokufa. Ukuphenya ukuheha kanye senkosikazi Euphrosyne. Ngemva kwalokho, wakhishwa phambili hhayi ajeziswe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba usizo ke asinikeze yona ukuze UTolstoy futhi Rumyantsev, Kuthiwa wacela le ngane ukuba sinomthelela kokwesikhulu.