UMbuso waseJalimane

NgoJanuwari 18, 1871 ebalazweni laseYurophu kwakhiwa umbuso omusha, obizwa ngokuthi uMbuso waseJalimane. Owesifazane osungula lo mdwebo wombuso babhekwa njengobuntu obuvelele, owehla emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama elisongelayo "I-Chancellor ye Iron" - Otto von Bismarck, kanye noWilliam I Hohenzollern. UMbuso WaseJalimane waqhubeka kwaze kwaba nguNovemba 9, 1918, ngemva kwalokho umbuso, ngenxa ye-Revolution kaNovemba, wachithwa. Yehle emlandweni njengombuso ovezwe ngamandla kanye nesu elihlelekile lokuthuthukiswa.

UMbuso WaseJalimane igama elithi abadwebi bama-historiographer baseRussia baqala ukusebenzisa ngekhulu le-19. I-Second Reich, i- Kaiser Germany, ayitholakali kakhulu ezincwadini. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakunconywa yizehlakalo ezilandelayo ezibalulekile zomlando:

• Ukuhlakazeka kwe-German Union (1866);
• Impi ephakathi kweJalimane neDenmark (1864);
• Impi phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano njenge-Austria nePrussia (1866);
• Impi phakathi kwePrussia neFrance (1870-1871gg.);
• Ukudalwa kweNorth German Union (1866-1871).

Ngo-1879, inkosi yasePrussia uWilhelm I, kanye noKhansela u-Otto von Bismarck, yamemezela impi eFrance ukuze ilahle phansi umnotho wayo futhi ithonye isimo sezombusazwe kuleli zwe. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwempi, banquma ukuhlanganisa iJalimane. I-North German Union, eyadalwa ngale njongo, yanqoba ukunqoba ngokuphelele amaFulentshi, kwathi ngoJanuwari 1871, iVersailles yamemezela ukuthi kwakhiwa uMbuso waseJalimane. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi ikhasi elisha livele emlandweni wezwe. Ukuhlanganiswa okungewona kuphela kwamanye amazwe e- German Union, kodwa nakwabanye amazwe, okubhekwa njengokungena embusweni njengento ebaluleke kunawo wonke, kwaqala. I-Bavaria namanye amazwe aseJalimane eningizimu yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseJalimane.

U-Austria wenqabe ukujoyina. Ekupheleni kweMpi YaseFranco-Prussian, iFrance yanikeza umnikelo omkhulu (ama-francs amahlanu ayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu), ngakho-ke ukubunjwa koMbuso waseJalimane akuzange kuqale kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yomjovo omkhulu wezezimali, leli gunya lakwazi ukudala umnotho wayo. Ekhanda kwakubizwa ngeKaiser (King) uWilliam I, kodwa empeleni ukuphathwa kombuso kuthathwe nguChansela Otto von Bismarck. Amazwe ayengeyona ingxenye yeNyakatho Yelinhlangano YaseNorth Germany ayengaphansi kombuso wasePrussia, ngakho ukudala uMbuso waseJalimane awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyunyana yokuzithandela. Kwakukhona ama-monarchies angamashumi amabili nambili aseJalimane nemizi yaseBrmen, eLübeck naseHurgand, okwakuyikhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemuva kokutholwa komthethosisekelo ngo-Ephreli 1871, uMbuso waseJalimane wanikezwa isimo sesifundazwe, futhi inkosi yasePrussia yanikwa isihloko sombusi. Ngesikhathi sonke sokuhlala kwalo lesi sihloko sasetshenziswa ngamakhosi amathathu. Lo nguWilliam I, owayebusa kusukela ngo-1871 kuya ku-1888, uFrederick III, owahlala emandleni izinsuku ezingu-99 kuphela noWilliam II (1888-1918). Umbusi wokugcina, emva kokuqothulwa kobukhosi, wabaleka eNetherlands, lapho afela khona ngo-1941.

Ukwakhiwa koMbuso waseJalimane kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuhlanganiswa kwesizwe kwabantu baseJalimane kanye nemali esheshayo yaseJalimane. Kodwa emva kwalokhu umbuso wadalwa, inqubomgomo yayo yokusabela yaba yingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abantu baseYurophu futhi, mhlawumbe, lonke izwe. UMbuso waseJalimane waqala ukuqinisa ngamandla amandla ayo okulwa futhi ubeka izimo zawo esikhundleni sokuqina. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ukuzalwa kobuzwe, okwaholela ekulimeni izimpi zomhlaba ezimbili, izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zegazi kanye nezigidi zabantu ababulewe, ababulewe. Ngokubunjwa koMbuso WaseJalimane, umqondo kazwelonke wokubusa umhlaba wezwe labo kanye nokuphakama kwamaJalimane phezu kwazo zonke izizwe zihlala emiphefumulweni yabantu besizwe saseJalimane.