Ipulazi elihlangene liyisisekelo somkhakha wezolimo waseSoviet kanye nomnotho njengamanye

Abakhulu bakho nogogo, mhlawumbe nabazali bakho, kwakudingeka baphile ezikhathini zaseSoviet futhi basebenze epulazini elihlangene, uma izihlobo zakho zivela emaphandleni. Cishe bakhumbula ngalesi sikhathi, bazi ngokwabo ukuthi ipulazi elihlangene yindawo lapho intsha yabo idlula khona. Umlando wokudalwa kwamapulazi ahlangene kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, kufanelekile ukujwayelana naye ngokuseduze.

Amapulazi okuqala ahlangene

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yomhlaba, cishe ngo-1918, yaqala ukuveza ukulima kwezenhlalakahle ngesisekelo esisha ezweni lethu. Umbuso waqala ukudala amapulazi ahlangene. Amapulazi ahlangene awakhona ngaleso sikhathi awazange asakazwe jikelele, kunalokho, ayengabodwa. Izazi-mlando zifakazela ukuthi abalimi abacebile abazange badinga ukujoyina amafamu ahlangene, bakhetha ukuphathwa komnotho ngaphakathi komndeni. Kodwa umcibisholo ophansi kakhulu wendawo yasemaphandleni wathatha isinyathelo esisha esihle, ngoba kubo, abahlala endlala, ipulazi elihlangene liyisiqinisekiso sokuphila okunethezeka. Kuleyo minyaka, ukungena emapulazini ezolimo kwakunokuzithandela, hhayi ukuphoqelelwa ngamandla.

Inkambo yokwandisa

Kwathatha iminyaka eminingana ngokweqiniso, futhi uhulumeni wanquma ukuthi inqubo yokubambisana kufanele ihambe ngokushesha. Kwathathwa inkambo yokuqinisa ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene. Yonke imisebenzi yezolimo yayinqunywe ukuhlelwa kabusha futhi inikeze ifomu elisha - ukulima okuhlanganyelwe. Le nqubo yayingelula, ngoba abantu bekubuhlungu kakhulu. Futhi izenzakalo zama-1920s no-1930 zavala ngisho nempumelelo enkulu kunazo zonke emapulazini ahlangene. Njengoba abalimi abakwenzayo abazange bajabulele ngaleyo ndlela entsha, baphoqelelwa khona lapho. Yonke impahla yahlukaniswa nezinkomo nezakhiwo, izinyoni nezinto ezincane. Imisa yavela lapho imindeni ehlala emakhaya, ngokubambisana, idlulela emadolobheni, ilahle yonke impahla yayo emaphandleni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngabalimi abaphumelele kakhulu, bekungabachwepheshe abahamba phambili emkhakheni wezolimo. Ukufuduka kwabo kuzosithinta ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinga lomsebenzi embonini.

I-Dekulakization

Ikhasi elidabukisayo kunazo zonke emlandweni mayelana nokuthi amapulazi ahlanganisiwe adalwe kanjani e-USSR kwakuyisikhathi sokucindezelwa okukhulu ngokumelene nabaphikisi benqubomgomo kahulumeni waseSoviet. Kwabulawa ukulimala kwabantu abacebile, futhi umphakathi wawukhuthaza ukuphikisana okuqinile kubantu abaphila ngokulinganayo . Babizwa ngokuthi "izibhamu". Njengomthetho, abalimi abanjalo, imindeni yonke, kanye nabantwana asebekhulile nabahlengikazi, baxoshwa emazweni asekude eSiberia, bebelokhu bekhetha yonke impahla. Emasimini amasha, izimo zokuphila kanye nezolimo zazingathandeki kakhulu, futhi inani elikhulu lalabo abahlukunyezwayo alizange lifinyelele ezindaweni zokuthunjwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze umise ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi abasuka emadolobheni, uhlelo lwepasipoti lwaziswa nokuthi yini manje esiyibiza ngokuthi imvume yokuhlala. Ngaphandle kwempawu efanele epasipoti, umuntu akakwazanga ukuhamba emzaneni ngokuzithandela. Uma ogogo nomkhulu bethu bekhumbula ukuthi ipulazi elihlangene liyikho, abakakhohlwa ukukhuluma kokubili amaphasipoti nezinkinga zokuhamba.

Ukuba khona nokuchuma

Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yamaPhropiki amafama aqoqeshwe atshale isabelo esikhulu kuNqoba. Sekuyisikhathi eside kunombono wokuthi uma kwakungeyona yabasebenzi basezindaweni zasemaphandleni, iSoviet Union ayingeke iwine impi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, uhlobo lokulima oluhlangene lwaqala ukuziphendulela. Ngempela eminyakeni embalwa abantu baqala ukuqonda ukuthi ipulazi elihlangene lwanamuhla liyibhizinisi elinamaphethelo ezigidi. Amapulazi anjalo-ama-millionaire aqala ukuvela emashumini amahlanu okuqala. Kwakuhlonishwa ukusebenza enkampanini enjalo yezolimo, umsebenzi womshini nomcwaningi wesitoko wawuhlonishwa kakhulu. Abalimi abaqoqiwe bathola imali ehloniphekile: amaholo ka-milkmaids 'angadlulela umholo wezinjini noma udokotela. Bakhuthazwa futhi ngemiklomelo kahulumeni kanye nemiyalo. Ku-Presidiums yezinhlangano zeqembu lamaKhomanisi, inani elikhulu labalimi abaqoqiwe lihlangane nakanjani. Amapulazi anamandla awakhiwe izindlu zabasebenzi, agcinwa izindlu zenkambiso, izinsimbi zethusi, ukuvakasha okuhleliwe okuzungeza i-USSR.

Ipulazi, noma ipulazi elihlangene ngendlela entsha

Ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, ukwehla kwamabhizinisi okuhlanganiswa kwezolimo kwaqala. Isizukulwane esidala sikhumbula ngokucacile ukuthi ipulazi elihlangene lizinzile eliye laphuma emzaneni. Yebo, zilungile ngendlela yazo, kodwa ezimweni zokushintshela emakethe yamahhala, amapulazi ahlangene, aqondiswa umsebenzi emnothweni ohleliwe, akakwazi nje ukusinda. Ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwezinguquko nokuguqulwa emapulazini kwaqala. Inqubo yinkimbinkimbi futhi ayisebenzisi njalo. Ngeshwa, izinto eziningana, njengezimali ezinganele, ukungabi nokutshala izimali, ukuphuma kwabantu abasha abasuka emadolobheni, nokuthinta kabi imisebenzi yamapulazi. Kodwa ezinye zazo zikwazi ukuqhubeka ziphumelela.