"Umlilo WesiGreki": esinye sezikhali ezingavamile kakhulu emlandweni

Ngokusho kwedatha yemlando, okokuqala "umlilo wesiGreki" wasetshenziswa ngo-673 ngesikhathi sokuvikela uConstantinople kusukela ekuvimbezelweni kwama-Arabhu. Khona-ke isingeniso se-secret secret, mayelana nokubunjwa okuqondile nezindawo zazo eziphikisanayo esikhathini sethu, kulondolozwe inhloko-dolobha yaseByzantine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akungabazeki ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokho, empini yezempi, izikhali ezinomphumela ofanayo azange zisetshenziswe. Iqiniso liwukuthi umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwawo uye waba mkhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ukufaniswa okukufutshane nakho kungabizwa ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa amabhomu athomu emadolobheni aseJapane aseHiroshima naseNagasaki ngo-1945.

Ngaleso sikhathi ukuvimbezelwa kukaConstantinople kwakuqhutshwa ikakhulu olwandle, ngoba izwe lalingenakulinganiswa. Ukuze azivikele e-Arabhu eningi, uMninimandla Callinicos wanikeza uMbusi uConstantine IV isinqumo somuthi ongaziwa, owawuzoqeda ngokuphelele izinqola ezihlasela. Umbusi wayengenakukhetha ngaphandle kokufaka engozini futhi asebenzise "umlilo wesiGreki". Ngenxa yalokho, ama-Arabhu ayesethuka kangangokuthi abalekela ngokwesaba ukwesaba, futhi imikhumbi yabo eminingi yashiswa phansi.

Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sikhali esisha ukuthi ukushiswa kwashisa kokubili emhlabathini nasemanzini. Ukuyiqeda ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakungenangqondo, ngoba lapho kuhlangana namanzi, umlilo wanda kuphela, futhi kwakungenangqondo ukugcina umkhumbi owaxoshwa. Izinto eziwusizo "zomlilo wesiGreki" zafakwa emkhunjini, owaphonswa ngaleso sikhathi ngesitha esikhethekile. Khona-ke le nhlanganisela yathululela futhi yavutha ngenxa yokuxhumana nomoya. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zikhali ezintsha zilondolozwe uConstantinople ekuhlaselweni kwama-Arabhu.

Ngezinye izikhathi abakhi beByzantine bathuthukisa indlela yokuphonsa. Emikhumbi yabo, kusetshenziswe amapayipi akhethekile, lapho "umlilo wesiGreki" wakhiqizwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyenziwe ngamapompu namafurusi. Iphoyisa lalihambisana nokushaya okukhulu, okwethusa isitha. Inhlanganisela yababusi baseByzantium yayigcinwa ngasese, futhi imizamo eminingi yabanye abantu ukuze bafunde le mfihlo ayiphumelelanga. Ngemva kwamakhulu amahlanu kuphela, u-Emperor Alex III walahlekelwa amandla futhi wabaleka kuleli zwe. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili emva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kweDamietta yaseSiriya, amaSaracens asebenzisa lesi sikhali.

Ngisho nangemva kokulahlekelwa yimfihlo yayo, "umlilo wesiGreki" ezindabeni zezempi yasetshenziswa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi walahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo kuphela ngemuva kokusungulwa kwezibhamu. Inkumbulo yokugcina yomlando yokusetshenziswa kwayo ibuyele ku-1453. Ukusiza ingxube ye-fuel ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kukaConstantinople ofanayo, ukuvikela amaByzantium kanye namaTurkey ahlasela nawo, agcina ekugubheni ukunqoba.

Emva kwalokho, imfihlo yenkinga yayilahlekile, futhi izazi-mlando eziningi zinikezela ukuseshwa esixazululweni seminyaka eminingi, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuholele empumelelweni. Ngenxa yokuthi "umlilo wesiGreki" wawushisa kahle emanzini, ososayensi abaningi bathi isisekelo sokulungiselela kwawo kwakuyiwoyela. Umbono ovame kakhulu ukuthi ingxube etholakala ngokuhlanganisa isulfure ehlanzekile ngamafutha. Kwabe sekubilisiwe bese kushiswa. Ngokuqondene nobukhulu bokubunjwa, lokhu kuseyimfihlakalo.