Inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseVladimir Monomakh njengesibonelo senhlakanipho yeqhinga

Inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseVladimir Monomakh yaba nethonya elikhulu ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kwesimo seRashiya. Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula izinkombandlela eziyinhloko zenqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseMonomakh kanye nendima yesikhulu emlandweni wesifunda saseKivanvan Rus. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela yaseMonomakh esihlalweni sobukhosi sikaGrand Duke yayisinde. Kodwa sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuqhubekayo.

Indlela ende eya esihlalweni sobukhosi

U-Vladimir Monomakh wayengumzukulu weNkosana i-Yaroslav, iVsevolod, ne-Byzantine, indodakazi kaConstantine Monomakh. Kwakuvela kumkhulu wakhe omama ukuthi wazuza ifa lakhe lesidlaliso.

U-Vladimir wayengumphathi weChernigov, no-Smolensk, futhi ekugcineni, isikhulu saseKiev. Wehla emlandweni hhayi kuphela njengombusi omuhle, kodwa futhi njengomholi wezempi onethalente. Kodwa wakhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi kuphela ngesikhathi kuvuka abafana ngemuva kokufa kweNkosana uSvyatopolk. Ukuba umuntu ohlakaniphile nokubala, i-Monomakh yasheshe yasungula i-oda eliyisibonelo ohlelweni lukahulumeni. Lokhu akumangalisi, uma sikhumbula ukuthi waqala ukuhlanganyela ezindabeni zombuso ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kweSvyatopolk. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi sokukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, uMonomakh wayesengumphathi onolwazi. Kamuva, wazibonakalisa njengomlawuli wamakhono nekhono.

Umzabalazo wokulwa namaPolvia

Inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseVladimir Monomakh, ngokufishane uma umuntu ezama ukuyichaza, aphekwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwemishado yodokotela, njengoJaroslav the Wise, kodwa ukuvikela imingcele yombuso. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu basePolvania kwakudla u-Kievan Rus. Ngo-1107 ibutho lasePolovtsian lavimbela idolobha laseLuben. Kodwa enqabeni yasePhereyaslavka kwakukhona amasosha abizwe yi-Monomakh uma kwenzeka ukuxoshwa kwamaPolvvese. Baphuthuma ekusizeni abavimbezele futhi bahlula abahlaseli, abadangele kakhulu ngenxa yokucasula okukhulu kangangokuthi baphonsa zonke izimpahla ezibiwe.

Ngokomyalelo waseMonomakh, abagibeli bempi balandela abaphikisi ababalekela, ukuze kungabikho muntu ozohlasela iRussia. Ungakhathaleli ukubaluleka kwezepolotiki ukunqoba kule mpi. Kakade ngo-1108, ama-hordes, ehamba eduze nemingcele yombuso waseKiev, ehlongozwayo ukuphetha isivumelwano soxolo, esamukelwa yinkosana.

Ukuthunjwa kwamaPolvvusi

Enye yezimpi eziphawulekayo namaPolvtsia kwenzeka ngo-1111 kuDon. UKhan Bonyak wazama ukubalekela ukubhekana ngqo namaRussia, ayebonakala elula engenakunqotshwa. Kunqunywe ukuzungeza izikwele zezikhulu ezivela emagqumeni bese zidubula kusukela eminseni, ziqeda isitha. Kodwa-ke, uMonomakh, ozibonakalisa engumakhelwane onethalente, yena ngokwakhe waqala ukulimaza. AmaPolvista awazange alindele lokhu, ngoba ngaphambilini izikhulu zaseRussia zilindele ukuhlaselwa, futhi kuphela lapho ziphendukela enkundleni yokulwa. Ngakho-ke, labo abaqokelwe emphakathini baphoqeleka ukuba badlale ngemithetho yamaRussia futhi bangene empini eqondile, abazama ukuyigwema.

Kulo mpi, ibutho elihlangene lezikhulu lahlula amaPolvota, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekisa isikhathi eside ukuthula kwabo ngokuvumelana nesizwe. Kodwa kakade ngo-1116 Monomakh kanye nokubuyela kwakhe futhi baqhubeka nomkhankaso wokulwa namaPolvota, okuwukuthi, ngokumelene noKhan Tugarhana, amabutho akhe ayesabisa imingcele engeningizimu ye-principality. Le Monomakh isikhathi eside yaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamazwe abo eningizimu. Ngo-1120, eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uMonomakh wakwazi ukuxosha iPechenegs.

Ukuqinisa izibopho neByzantium

Umbusi waseByzantine, njengomlilo, wesaba ukuhlasela kwamabutho aseRussia enhloko-dolobha yakhe. Yingakho avumile ukushada nendodana yakhe uJohn engumzukulu waseMonomakh - iDobronege. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubudlelwane phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili buye kwabikezelwa futhi bube nokuthula. Yiqiniso, uMonomakh akazange abe "ubaba waseYurophu" njengoJaroslav the Wise, kodwa noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamakhosana aseRussia, baba ababusi bamazwe aseYurophu. Inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseVladimir Monomakh yaphishekela umgomo oyinhloko wokuqinisa igunya lomhlaba wonke iKivanvan Rus. Yingakho ama-squads aseRussia ayevame ukubamba iqhaza ezindabeni zangaphakathi zaseByzantium, ikakhulukazi, asusa ukuvukela eChersonesos.

Inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseVladimir Monomakh, incazelo esayinikeza yona kulesi sihloko, yayihlose ukuqinisa igunya likahulumeni emehlweni omakhelwane balo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwakungukuqiniswa kwemingcele yangaphandle nokuvikelwa kwabo ekuqothulweni kwezizwe ezingezansi. Singasho ukuthi kwakungumgomo wangaphandle waseVladimir Monomakh owavumela i-Kievan Rus ukuthi ibe yindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yaseYurophu ngaleso sikhathi. U-Kievan Rus, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyisikhungo esiyinhloko samasiko, senkolo nesimo sabantu baseRashiya. Kusukela kulokhu singathola isiphetho esinengqondo sokuthi okuhle kakhulu kubantu kwakuwumgomo wangaphandle waseVladimir Monomakh. Ithebula lezingxabano eziyinhloko ngamagama omdabu linikezwe ngezansi.

Eqinisweni, ukukhumbula lezi zinsuku ezibalulekile akulula. Sinikeze ukuhlaziywa okufushane kwemisebenzi yeyodwa yobuntu obuvelele emlandweni. Umuntu ongene ezincwadini njenge-Vladimir Monomakh. Inkambiso yangaphandle (ithebula ithulwe kulesi sihloko) salesi sikhulu sasingalinganiselwe futhi sicatshangelwa yizicucu. Lokhu kwakuyisiqinisekiso sokunqoba kwamabutho aseRussia.