Izinhlobo imiqondo: logic kubo bonke

Sihlala njalo ebhekene imithetho logic ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kodwa, ngeshwa, isifundo kwale sayensi kudlule ngokugcwele amakhono ambalwa nje emanyuvesi.

Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo imiqondo, logic ezingase zibangelwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Luqala ngokunikela "Organon" lika-Aristotle (leli kuyigama tendzabuko tractates eziyisithupha ukucabanga ezihlongozwayo Andronnik Rhodes - ummemezeli imisebenzi wesazi sefilosofi).

Ngemva kwalokho Ushintshe imibono Aristotelian Yenguquko sefilosofi Frensis Bekon, ngomunye wabokuqala enokwehla isikhathi sakhe. Isazi sefilosofi wanika indatshana yakhe ngokuthi "okusha Organon". Uma sicabanga-Aristotle, asabela abakwethembi, ucabangela ukuthi umsebenzi isayensi - ukwakha indlela entsha elwati bazuze bonke abantu. Bacon wagxeka logic ubudala ukuthi, ngokombono yayo, yenza lokudlela ohlelweni jikelele ulwazi mayelana ukucabanga. Wabeka ngaphezu kwakho konke isipiliyoni kanye indlela exhasa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi logic kwekhulu lama-20, ngokukhethekile wakwenza ngokuzimisela, ekubeni uhlelo probabilistic, zezibalo, eqondile ngalokuyincenye. Kodwa kuze kube manje, sikhatsi lesihlelekile okunengqondo mithetho lukhulu methodological zonke izinhlobo zesayensi.

logic esisemthethweni

Ngu imithetho yayo futhi izinhlobo imiqondo. Isifunda logic yakha isethulo, okuyinto uchungechunge "umqondo - ukwahlulelwa (noma isitatimende) -. Nikhuluma" Indlela elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyinto eliyisisekelo. Ngaphambi ukwakha isitatimende bese wenza isiphetho kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo (ebanjwayo), kumele ube umqondo mayelana nale ndaba, ukuze siqonde izici zayo kubalulekile. Lokhu aziqabukeli izithombe okuqonda sezinzwa, esingalapheki eyakhelwe kakhulu ukucabanga. Ekhuluma izimpawu, cabanga izici ezithile umehluko noma ukufana. Uphawu izenzo mhlaba, okuyinto abazalwa nawo kuphela nale ndaba.

Concept - lokhu kuveza icatshangwe ngesimo labantu jikelele (noma ubunye) kanye izimfanelo abalulekile ezivamile into.

Uma ucabangela izinhlobo logic of imiqondo, izibonelo okufuna lula kakhulu. Ethula igama elithi "ikati", sicabanga isethi ezithile izici: izimpiko, uboya Intshebe, Meow, ekubambeni amagundane. Leli qoqo ngokwako umqondo ahlukile, ngakho ke singasho ukuthi umqondo welithi "ikati" eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa namanye imiqondo, osekuvele eshiwo ngenhla.

izinhlobo imiqondo

Imiqondo zimi kanje:

1. Regista (esewuphendula "onjani umuntu?", "Nini?", "Kuphi?"). Izibonelo imiqondo le: "Abantu abahlala namuhla e-Ivanovo," "Madagascar", "Fyodor Dostoevsky". Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe ngabanye (labo abamele nge-subject ethize - "Dzhek London") futhi jikelele ( "umbhali", "State").

2. ayikwazi ukuthola ( "izwi", "izilwane", le "ndoda"). Zingaba ezithile qualitatively kuphela ezingapheli kufakwe imiqondo le, okuholela kungaba eziningi izakhi zabo ayibalwanga. Lemibiko imiqondo logic ngezinye izikhathi uhlukanisa futhi evulekile (ayikwazi ukuthola) avaliwe (ukuqoshwa).

3. elinotho futhi ezingenalutho ngesisekelo ukuhambisana noma ukunganamatheli imiqondo ethile noma yini emhlabeni wangempela.

4. abstract kanye ukhonkolo. Eyokuqala nomqondo wokubaluleka ubuhlobo noma izakhiwo into ( "udumo", "isithunzi", "isibindi"), kuyilapho yokugcina bathi ngezindaba ezithile ( "iposi", "indlu yezinyosi").

5. Negative (ukhuluma ngani engekho izakhiwo nge-subject ethize, ezifana "hhayi umuntu", "ikati") futhi omuhle ( "ikati", "abantu").

6. correlative roomates futhi noma yini. Lemibiko imiqondo logic ephawula njengoba ezimele nomunye futhi abazimele. Lokho, isibonelo, welithi "amagilebhisi" futhi "unyawo" neze sincike komunye nomunye, ngoba kungaba kubhekwe leze.

isiphetho

logic loluhlelekile has izinkinga eziningi ukuthi zitholiwe namakhulu eminyaka amaningana ongqondongqondo elitheni. Ngenxa logic yesimanje, nakuba kuhambisana nemigomo yeNhlangano esisemthethweni, kodwa namanje sihluke nesakhiwo sakhe sokugcina neliphelele kunalelo. Futhi, lokhu isayensi kabanzi ezihlukahlukene izibalo ukubala. Kodwa izinhlobo izincazelo logic akaphelelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo namuhla. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu ecabanga nje kudingeka simazi kangcono nesakhiwo eside ezifana 'umqondo'.