U-Nikolay Martynov, owabulala uMnuz Yu Lermontov ku-duel: biography

Eminyakeni emine nje emva kokushaqeka kokufa kukaPushkin, i-duel yenzeke phakathi kukaMnu. Yu Lermontov kanye noMajja Nikolay Martynov. Ngenxa yalokho, imbongi yabulawa, kanti umhlanganyeli wesibili wokulwa waqeda ukuboshwa kwezinyanga ezintathu nokuphenduka kwesonto. Nakuba i- duel yokugcina yaseLermontov, eyaphela ekufeni kwakhe, yenzeke eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-175 eyedlule, izingxabano zisekhona mayelana nokuthi ngabe iNew Martynov idutshulwe yini umuntu owakhipha isibhamu esibhakabhakeni emoyeni, okungukuthi, wenza ukubulala.

Umsuka

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izisusa zezenzo zomuntu, isibhamu esiye saqeda i-biography emfushane kaMnu Yu Lermontov, umuntu kufanele afunde ngokuvela kwawo.

Ngakho, i-NS Martynov yayingumdabu wezikhulu zaseMoscow. Umkhulu wakhe wathola inzuzo enkulu ekuthengeni iwayini, okungukuthi, ngokukhokha imali, wathola ilungelo likahulumeni ukukhokhela intela ekuphuzeni izikhungo, okuphumelele kuzo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kwakukholelwa ukuthi abahlonishwayo akudingeki babhekane nalezi zindaba. Noma kunjalo, uMikhail Ilyich, nakuba enamahloni akhe, njengoba esho namhlanje, ibhizinisi, nokho wayefisa indodana ukuba iqhubeke nebhizinisi layo, njengoba linikeze imali engenayo. Wabiza ngokuthi igama, uncharacteristic kubantu bekilasi lakhe. Ngakho, u-Nikolai Solomonovich Martynov, owakhe ubuzwe ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kukaLermontov kwaba yinto yokucabangela, ngokungangabazeki isiRashiya.

Abazali Nezingane

Uyise kaMartynov, uSolomoni Mikhailovich Martynov, wavuka esikhundleni seKhansela likaMbuso washona ngo-1839. Umkakhe u- Elizaveta Mikhailovna wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile waseTarnowski. Kwakukhona izingane eziyisishiyagalombili emndenini waseMartynov: amadodana amane namadodakazi amane. Bona, ikakhulukazi abafana, bathola imfundo enhle kakhulu, babe nemali eyanele yokuzizwa bekhululekile phakathi kwentsha yegolide, futhi babe nokubonakala okukhangayo.

U-Nikolai Martynov wazalelwa ngo-1815 futhi wayeneminyaka engaphansi kukaLermontov. Wayenetalente yomsebenzi wokubhala phansi kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi waqala ukubhala izinkondlo ekuqaleni, elandelwa izinkondlo ezidumile zesikhathi sakhe.

Isifundo

Ngo-1831 u-Nikolai Martynov wangena eSikoleni Seziqaphi I-Sub-Lieutenants kanye nama-Junkers Amahhashi. ULamontov wayekhona lapho ngonyaka. Lo wesilisa waphoqeleka ukuba afake isicelo sokuphuma eMoscow University ngenxa yezindaba ezingathandeki nomunye wabaprofesa, futhi akafuni ukuya eSt. Petersburg, ngoba wanikezelwa ukuqala kabusha kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala.

I-Nikolaev Cavalry School, lapho abantu abasha aba khona khona, wayengomunye odume kakhulu eRussia. Yamukelwa kuphela yizicukuthwane ngemuva kokufunda eyunivesithi noma ezindlini zangasese zokugibela izindlu ezazingekho ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi. Phakathi nezifundo, uLermontov noNikolai Solomonovich Martynov babevame ukufaka ucingo e-espadron futhi babejwayele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi yayisetshenziselwa amalungu amaningi omndeni wakwaMartynov, futhi umfowabo kaNicola uMikhail wayefunda naye. Ngemva kwalokho, babhala ukuthi omunye wabodadewabo kaNicholas waba yingxenye yomfanekiso kaMary Mary. Kuyaziwa ukuthi unina kaMartynov wayengathandeki kakhulu ngeLermontov ngenxa yamahlaya akhe, kodwa indodana yakhe yajabula ngethalente lezinkondlo zomfundi esikoleni.

Isevisi

Lapho eseqedile izifundo zakhe, u-Nikolai Martynov wathunyelwa ukuyokhonza kulesi sigameko esihloniphekile seCavalry Regiment, lapho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengumphathi weDantes. Phakathi neMpi YaseCaucasia, yena, njengamalungu amaningi esizukulwane sakhe, wazinikela phambili ethembeni lokuba udumo futhi abuyele enhloko-dolobha emigqeni kanye nemigomo yezempi. Lapho, ngenkathi uhambo lwezempi lwenqola yaseCaucasia eMfuleni iKuban, uNikola Solomonovich Martynov waba yisikhulu esinesibindi. Ngenxa yemfanelo yakhe yempi, waze wanikezwa i-Order of St. U-Anna enomnsalo, futhi wayemi kahle nomyalo.

Ukususwa

Izimo zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi uNicolai Martynov angase athole ithemba lokuthola umsebenzi ophumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje isizathu esingacaci ngo-1841, esesikhundleni esiphakeme (sikhumbula ukuthi cishe ilanga lakhe uLermontov ngaleso sikhathi kwakungummeli wenkosi kuphela), ngokungalindelekile wabeka isicelo sokusula emsebenzini. Kuthiwa le nsizwa yaphoqeleka ukwenza lokhu, njengoba ibanjwe ukukopela phakathi nomdlalo wekhadi, okuyinto phakathi kwamaphoyisa okubhekwa njengento ehlazola kakhulu. Ngenxa yezinkolelo ezinjalo, abaningi babecacisa ukuthi uNikola Martynov, owayenezindleko zezimali ezanele kanye nokuxhumana, akazange abuyele enhloko-dolobha, kodwa wahlala kude nomphakathi wasePyatigorsk futhi wahola impilo yokuphila. Phakathi kwalabo baholi bamaholide kanye nomphakathi waseRussia wendawo, lowo owayengumdala wayeyaziwa ngokuthi ungokoqobo futhi wangempela, njengoba egqoke izingubo zabagibeli bezintaba futhi ehamba ngenduku enkulu, ebangela ukuhlekwa usulu phakathi kwabangaphambili ababambisene nabo.

UMnu Yu Lermontov eCaucasus

Ngo-1841 imbongi yayivele idumile kulo lonke elaseRussia ngenxa yezimbongo zakhe mayelana noPushkin. Izinkinga zikagogo, onomndeni onethonya phakathi kwabadayisi, bamvumela ukuba agweme isijeziso esibi kakhulu. Wathunyelwa eCaucasus njengesigcawu kuNizhny Novgorod. Lolu hambo lwebhizinisi aluzange luhlale isikhathi eside, futhi maduzane waphinda wabhanya emasiloni aseMoscow. Mhlawumbe bekuyohluka uma kwakungekho ukuxabana endlini ka Countess Laval no-Ernest de Barant. Indodana yesibhamu saseFrance yabona ukuhlambalaza e-epigram, eyabhalwa ngu-Yu Yu Lermontov. Phakathi ne-duel okwenzeke kude nendawo lapho iPushkin yalimala kabi, akukho lutho olubi olwenzekile: inkemba yomunye wabaphikisanayo yaphuka, uBarant wayengekho, futhi imbongi yadutshulwa emoyeni. Nokho, iqiniso lo mdlalo alifihliwe, futhi imbongi yayithunjwa eCaucasus, nakuba ezama ukuhlala emsebenzini.

Izizathu ze-duel noMartynov

Kusuka enhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho, imbongi yokuqala yafika eStvropol, lapho i-Tenginsky yayo ikhona khona, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana waya eholidini lesikhathi esifushane eya ePyatigorsk. Futhi abangane bakhe bamncenga ukuba angakwenzi. Lapho wahlangana nabantu abaningi basePetersburg, abahlanganisa noMartynov. Ububi olimini lwaseLermontov lwaluhlehliswa kakhulu yibukeka be-bellicose yowokufunda naye ekilasini. Lezi zinsuku sekuyisikhathi eside zibamba isifuba ngombongi, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi wamhleka ngama-epigrams, lapho amagama kaMartysh noSolomon avela khona. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengesizathu se-duel, le nguqulo yacatshangwa, ngokusho ukuthi uMartynov ukholelwa ukuthi uLermontov wayedonsa udadewabo. Iphinde yabonisa ukuphikisana kwabantu abasha ngenxa yomdlali weFrance u-Adele, owayeseCaucasus ekuvakasheni.

Ukuxabana

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kwalesi sigameko, ama-protagonists akhe ahlangana endlini kaGeneral Versilin. Owesibini wenkondlo kanye nomngane wakhe osenesikhathi eside uPrince Trubetskoi, kanye nomfazi nendodakazi yomnikazi wendlu, babekhona lapho. Lapho bekhona, uLermontov waqala ukuhleka amahlaya mayelana "nomkhumbi wezintaba." Ngengozi emangalisa kula mazwi umculo umisiwe, futhi wonke umuntu wezwa, kuhlanganise noMartynov, njengoba njalo, egqoke umculo we-Circassian. Njengoba kamuva ekhumbula abajwayele ukuxhumana nabo bakaLermontov noMartynov, lokhu kwakungesiyo okokuqala imbongi eyayihleka usulu. Wayebekezelela uma nje umuntu engenza sengathi amahlaya akanalo lutho ngaye. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlwa komculo e-Versilins konke kwakusobala, futhi i-duel yaseLermontov neMartynov yazingenakugwema. Ihlazo "elikhukhumezekile" limemezela ngokukhululeka ukuthi wayengafuni ukuhleka usulu, futhi washiya. Umlobi uqinisekisile abesifazane ukuthi kusasa yena noNicola Solomonovich bazobuyisana, njengoba "lokhu kwenzeka".

UDuel waseLermontov noMartynov

Ngobusuku lwalolo suku, uMikhail noNikolay babe nengxoxo engathandeki, okwakwenziwe ucingo kwi-duel. Ukuqeda kwenzeka ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngokuvumelana nenkolelo evamile, uLermontov wasabela kancane kulokho okwakwenzekile futhi waxoshwa emoyeni. Ngakho, wamcasula uMartynov futhi wathola isibhamu esifubeni sakhe. Njengoba bekungekho udokotela okhona ngesikhathi se-duel, usizo lwezokwelapha aluzange luhlinzekwe, nakuba ayengeke alondoloze impilo kaLermontov.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-duel Martynov igwetshwe ukulahlwa wonke amalungelo efa kanye nokumemeza. Nokho, uNicholas II wanquma ukunciphisa isigwebo sokuboshwa kwezinyanga ezintathu endlini yokulinda.

Kancane okungaziwa ngokuphila kukaMartynov ngemuva kwe-duel. Ushone eneminyaka engu-60 ubudala wangcwatshwa egameni lakhe e-Ievlevo.