Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando - kuba ... Inani esikoleni Annales

Ngo ukutadisha umlando ubufakazi ebhaliwe eminyakeni edlule abaluleke kakhulu. emithonjeni ehlukene aqambe ehlukile: zemihla, imilando, emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando. Lo iphutha kusuka ezindleleni ezahlukene azilobe ezibalulekile - eqinisweni abantu ezahlukene futhi izizwe zazingazimisele umqondo wabo siqu ngalokho kuzoba ezibalulekile ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo, futhi yini akuyona.

Umsuka wegama elithi

Ngokokuqala ngqá, igama elithi baqala ukuhlangana amarekhodi mlando saseRoma. I izenzakalo eziphawulekayo kakhulu ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe kanye yangasese yezakhamuzi zaseRoma zalotshwa imibiko yonyaka - imilando. Lo mqondo lisuselwa anno Latin, elisho e ukuhunyushwa "unyaka". Imilando okuqala ayengelona amabhodi sokhuni noma itshe elibushelelezi, ukubonisa ngaphambi kwendlu engcwele, noma indawo yokuhlala Ophakeme.

Sinikamongo babe amashumi eminyaka noma ngisho namakhulu eminyaka. Ngakho, inkulumo ethi "emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando." Lokhu kwakusho njalo ukuqopha izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinqubo zomlando behlala ndawonye bengashadile akusashiwo kunakwe, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile lashabalala imilando.

Umlando Annals School

Kuze ekuseni isayensi zomlando kwekhulu lama-20 ngokuya Nithole ulwazi zomlando, kodwa ayihlaziyi kubo. Isidingo ubuyekeze ifa zomlando eladabuka Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Yilokho benze abasha mlando French Marc Bloch futhi Lyusen Fevr. New isiqondiso izazi-mlando zahlelwa eduze edition mlando we umagazini "Annals". Yingakho igama iqembu lososayensi.

Inhloso umsebenzi ososayensi esincane sasikanye ukutadisha amaqiniso babeka phansi emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando. Lokhu ukuhamba akusho ukufunda nokubusa kwamakhosi futhi amakhosi, kanye nomphakathi wonkana, kanye nazo zonke interweaving kwezibopho ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, amasiko nezenhlalo. Le ndlela kudingeka ukuheha idatha eziningi ezihlobene eyala. Izazi-mlando kwadingeka ukuba sihlaziye idatha ethnography, kwabantu, geography neminye imikhakha yesayensi ukuthi ukufunda ebuhlotsheni babantu isimo kanye nomphakathi.

Imiphumela

Okwamanje, ababesekela lokhu isayensi sihlaziye ezihlukahlukene emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando. Kudinga lukhulu ukunakwa ukuheha Ochwepheshe ezahlukene ukusebenza. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa volumetric kusivumela ukuhlola lokho okushiwo izenzakalo zomlando ngokuhlanganyela esimweni samanje setepolitiki, ukugcizelela ukubaluleka izici ezahlukene ngomqondo zomlando.