Izinqubomgomo Yangaphakathi Ivana Groznogo

Foreign nezinqubomgomo yasekhaya ku-internet Ivana Groznogo libhekene njengoba intuthuko. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle ngenkathi Russia ubelokhu nokulwa njalo Lithuania nePoland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli zwe ngezikhathi kwakukhona imibhikisho ukuvukelwa kombuso. UMbuso kwakudingeka ibutho eziqinile. Ngo-1550 lenzeka Strelets amabutho. Kuyinto amandla amakhulu, ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa uhulumeni. Okokuqala Military Charter wadedelwa ngo 1556. Ngenxa yalokho ekutjhugululweni lempi, ekupheleni ibutho Russian ngekhulu le-16 ababalwayo amasosha angaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Ukuguqulwa Ivana Groznogo kwaluqinisa kakhulu isikhundla lempi isimo.

Inqubomgomo Foreign Ivana Groznogo lwenziwe ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Inkosi yokuqala wawalwela indlela oLwandle iBaltic entshonalanga. EMpumalanga, kwakukhona ababethanda i ne-Astrakhan futhi Kazan Khanate. Eningizimu-Ivan Grozny sivikele imingcele futhi sivikele indawo Russian kusukela ayehlasela YaseCrimea AmaTatar.

Inkosi e-1552, Kazan sathathwa ngonyaka. Lo mcimbi kwakubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wombuso. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Kazan khans saphela ukuhlaselwa emhlabathini Russian. Ekuthunjweni sebededeliwe izinkulungwane Russian. Ngo 1556 sithathwe kanye Astrakhan Khanate. Ngenxa yalokho lezi futhi okwalandela ukunqoba kuka-Ivan Grozny ungase lizimelele ku iVolga esifundeni, waqala asebenzayo ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiqondiso entshonalanga Inkosi ayizange ukuxazulula inkinga enkulu. Ukuhlanganyela Kwempi Livonian eside, u-Ivan Grozny wayengakwazi uzicabela indlela yokuthola Russia noLwandle iBaltic.

izinqubomgomo Yangaphakathi Ivana Groznogo wawutholakala ikakhulu okuhloswe ngaso ababagqilazayo abalimi, eqinisa apharathasi kwamandla. Yokuvimbela ukungawi boyars, phansi izisekelo kwezomnotho zalesi simiso isinyathelo ekilasini iye luyaphumelela. izinqubomgomo Yangaphakathi Ivana Groznogo uhlose ukwehlukana isimo zemshchina, iphethwe Boyar Duma kanye oprichnina, futhi iye yakhipha inkosi. Kugcine buthaka indima le boyars kakhulu, ukuyiqeda izinsalela feudalism. Ngokuvamile, Oprichnina kwadingeka value omuhle. Nokho, indlela esetshenziswa oprichnina ibutho, nomthelela lapho kubhujiswa lesi yesimo sezomnotho, njengoba ephelezelwa ukubhujiswa nobudlova. Ngakho, ukunyuka kwezinga amanani yehlile ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla kanye nemikhiqizo, futhi ngekhulu le-16 (ungene ngesiwombe sesibili), nokwehla kwezomnotho ezijulile yabhaliswa eRussia.

Rada ekhethiwe kwamiswa - uhulumeni omusha. Kamuva, ne iqhaza wakhe oyokwenziwa cishe lonke izinqubomgomo yangaphakathi Ivana Groznogo.

Inkosi nokuqalisa izinguquko izitho eyinhloko apharathasi isimo. Ama-oda adaliwe - Izilawuli entsha. ukuze ngamunye has lunye ayo, kukhona izinkantolo, yokuqoqa intela, komthetho kanye neminye imisebenzi ku sawo.

izinqubomgomo Yangaphakathi Ivana Groznogo ukuthi kuhloswe yokushintsha namajaji. Ngakho, Ikhodi entsha Yomthetho wadedelwa ngo-1550. It usungula athwale icala ukufumbathisa, kubonakala izinguquko ohlelweni intela.

lokudzingekako kanye nokuzibusa wendawo. Ngo 1556, inkosi ukhansele zinesimiso sokudla. Ngokuvamile, izinguquko kuhulumeni wasekhaya ezaba nomthelela inflow kwezimali okungeziwe igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini yezwe. Ndawonye nale isikhundla aqiniswe futhi izikhulu.

Phakathi nokubusa John Vasilyevich 4 Kwakuseshwa kwekuhlela kabusha esontweni. Izinguquko babe canons zifane futhi emikhosini engokwenkolo. Njengoba sihambisana nale kwaba ubunikazi okulinganiselwe kanye Izigodlo umhlaba.

Ngenxa yalokho yezinguquko olwenziwa zangenkathi wokubusa kwakhe Ivanom Groznym, esimweni kwakhulisa yinye kahle kwemandla embuso, uhlelo yokuphathwa zendawo central sekusebenza kangcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhuphuke amabutho Russia. Nokho, nale anda ukugqilazwa labantu ongumlimi.